山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究
|
摘要
介绍了沿交城断裂带5个地点开挖探槽揭示的古地震情况。这5个大探槽分别沿交城断裂带北、中、南段分布,其中北段和中段各有2个地点,南段1个地点,探槽之间相距11～35km。位于该断裂带北段和中段的4个探槽出露了断错全新世地层的断面,在这4个探槽中,位于断裂带北段的西张探槽和位于断裂带中段的新民探槽揭示的全新世3次古地震事件可进行对比,具有活动的同步性。由此显示交城断裂带的中段和北段在距今3060～3740a、接近5910a及8530～8560a期间,曾发生3次有地表破裂的古地震事件。位于断裂带北段的冶峪探槽,由于探槽位于台地内冲沟右旋扭曲处,断错的最新地层的年代距今10730a,其它断面断错晚更新世地层。位于断裂带中段的上固驿探槽地处洪积扇,断层带宽70m,断层走向N58°～74°E,断错的最新地层距今11570a,揭示了NEE向田庄断层晚更新世时期的活动。位于断裂带南段窑头探槽所在的原始地形受到人工改造影响,探槽剖面揭示全新统覆盖在显示距今3.0～3.5万年期间受到断裂活动影响的地层之上。交城断裂带5个地点的探槽开挖结果显示,该断裂带全新世时期的活动自南向北迁移。
The paleoseismic situation revealed by the trenches excavated at five locations along the Jiaocheng Fault zone is introduced in this paper.These five big trenches locate at the northern,central and southern segments of the Jiaocheng Fault zone.Two exploratory trenches were dug at the northern and central segments of the Jiaocheng Fault zone each,and one trench on the southern segment.The distances among these five trenches are 11～35km.Four trench sections where dislocated Holocene strata are exposed lie in the northern and central segments of the fault.Among the four trenches,three Holocene paleoearthquakes are revealed by the Xizhang trench and the Xinmin trench,respectively in the northern and central segments of the fault.These three events are comparable and the activities are coeval.This shows that three paleoearthquake events with surface rupture occurred respectively in 3060～3740aBP,5910aBP and 8530～8560aBP in the central and northern segments of the fault.The Yeyu trench lies in the northern segment of the fault.Because it is located at the dextral distortion of a gully on the terrace,the age of the youngest stratum dislocated is about 10730aBP,and the late Pleistocene stratum is dislocated by other fault planes.The Shangguyi trench lies in the central segment of the fault on the alluvial-diluvial fan,where the width of the fault zone is 70m and the strike of the fault is N58°～74°E,the age of the youngest stratum dislocated is about 11570aBP.The trench reveals the late Pleistocene activity of the NNE trending Tianzhuang Fault.The Yaotou trench lies in the southern segment of the fault at the place where the primal terrain was effected by human reconstruction,the profile of the trench reveals that Holocene stratum overlies the stratum influenced by the fault activity during about 30～35kaBP.The trenches excavated at five locations along the Jiaocheng Fault zone show that the activities of the fault zone migrated from south to north during Holocene.
The paleoseismic situation revealed by the trenches excavated at five locations along the Jiaocheng Fault zone is introduced in this paper.These five big trenches locate at the northern,central and southern segments of the Jiaocheng Fault zone.Two exploratory trenches were dug at the northern and central segments of the Jiaocheng Fault zone each,and one trench on the southern segment.The distances among these five trenches are 11～35km.Four trench sections where dislocated Holocene strata are exposed lie in the northern and central segments of the fault.Among the four trenches,three Holocene paleoearthquakes are revealed by the Xizhang trench and the Xinmin trench,respectively in the northern and central segments of the fault.These three events are comparable and the activities are coeval.This shows that three paleoearthquake events with surface rupture occurred respectively in 3060～3740aBP,5910aBP and 8530～8560aBP in the central and northern segments of the fault.The Yeyu trench lies in the northern segment of the fault.Because it is located at the dextral distortion of a gully on the terrace,the age of the youngest stratum dislocated is about 10730aBP,and the late Pleistocene stratum is dislocated by other fault planes.The Shangguyi trench lies in the central segment of the fault on the alluvial-diluvial fan,where the width of the fault zone is 70m and the strike of the fault is N58°～74°E,the age of the youngest stratum dislocated is about 11570aBP.The trench reveals the late Pleistocene activity of the NNE trending Tianzhuang Fault.The Yaotou trench lies in the southern segment of the fault at the place where the primal terrain was effected by human reconstruction,the profile of the trench reveals that Holocene stratum overlies the stratum influenced by the fault activity during about 30～35kaBP.The trenches excavated at five locations along the Jiaocheng Fault zone show that the activities of the fault zone migrated from south to north during Holocene.
引文
程新原,侯廷爱.1996.交城断裂中段的活动特征及其地震危险性[J].山西地震,(3):28—32.CHENG Xin-yuan,HOUTing-ai.1996.Active characteristics of the central segment of Jiaocheng Fault and its seismicrisk[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,(3):28—32(in Chinese).
邓起东,王克鲁,汪一鹏,等.1973.山西隆起区断陷地震带地震地质条件及地震发展趋势概述[J].地质科学,(1):37—47.DENG Qi-dong,WANG Ke-lu,WANG Yi-peng,et al.1973.On the tendency of seismicity and their geological set up ofthe seismic belt of Shanxi Graben[J].Scientia Geological Sinica,(1):37—47(in Chinese).
丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.1993.活动断层分段[M].北京:地震出版社.1—143.DING Guo-yu,TIAN Qin-jian,KONG Fan-chen,et al.1993.Segmentation of Active Fault[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.1—143(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1992.山西交城断裂断错全新世洪积扇(简报)[J].地震地质,14(3):216.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1992.The dislocated Holocene alluvial-diluvial fans related to theactivity of the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,14(3):216(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1993.山西交城断裂全新世活动证据及第四纪活动历史[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(6).北京:地震出版社.98—104.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1993.The Holocene active evidence and the Quaternary activehistory about the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(6).Seismological Press,Beijing.98—104(in Chinese).
江娃利,谢新生,王瑞,等.2004.山西断陷系交城断裂全新世古地震活动初步研究[J].地震研究,27(2):184—190.JIANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng,WANG Rui,et al.2004.Preliminary study on activity of Holocene paleoearthquakesalong the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi dowmfaulted system[J].Journal of Seismological Research,27(2):184—190(in Chinese).
马保起,许桂林,盛小青,等.1999.山西交城断裂活动的构造地貌学研究[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(13).北京:地震出版社.7—15.MA Bao-qi,XU Gui-lin,SHENG Xiao-qing,et al.1999.A study on tectonogeomorphology along the Jiaocheng Fault,Shanxi Province[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics andCrustal Stress(13).Seismological Press,Beijing.7—15(in Chinese).
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究的逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).Research on Active Fault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
刘光勋,肖振敏.1982.山西地堑系及其地震构造特征[A].见:中国地质学会构造地质专业委员会编.第二届全国地质构造学术会议论文选集.第三卷.中新生代构造.北京:科学出版社.66—74.LIU Guang-xun,XIAO Zhen-min.1982.Shanxi graben system and its seismotectonics[A].In:Commission onTectonics of the Geological Society of China(ed).Selected Papers of the Second Congress on Tectonics,VolumeⅢ:The Mid Cenozoic Tectonics.Science Press,Beijing.66—74(in Chinese).
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].科学通报,44(1):12—20.RANYong-kang,DENG Qi-dong.1999.History,present and development of research on paleoseismology[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,44(1):12—20(in Chinese).
苏宗正.1988.山西断陷带地震活动的新构造背景[J].山西地震,(4):2—6.SUZong-zheng.1988.Neotectonic background of seismic activities in the Shanxi fault-depression zone[J].EarthquakeResearch in Shanxi,(4):2—6(in Chinese).
许桂林,马保起,江娃利.1998.山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(11).北京:地震出版社.13—21.XU Gui-lin,MA Bao-qi,JIANG Wa-li.1998.The behavior and segmentation of the Shanxi Jiaocheng active fault[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(11).Seismological Press,Beijing.13—21(in Chinese).
谢新生,赵晋泉,江娃利,等.2007.山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究[J].地震地质,29(4):744—755.XIE Xin-sheng,ZHAO Jin-quan,JIANG Wa-li,et al.2007.Study on Holocene paleoearthquake of Xizhang Trench atthe Jiaocheng Fault zone,Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,29(4):744—755(in Chinese).
邓起东,王克鲁,汪一鹏,等.1973.山西隆起区断陷地震带地震地质条件及地震发展趋势概述[J].地质科学,(1):37—47.DENG Qi-dong,WANG Ke-lu,WANG Yi-peng,et al.1973.On the tendency of seismicity and their geological set up ofthe seismic belt of Shanxi Graben[J].Scientia Geological Sinica,(1):37—47(in Chinese).
丁国瑜,田勤俭,孔凡臣,等.1993.活动断层分段[M].北京:地震出版社.1—143.DING Guo-yu,TIAN Qin-jian,KONG Fan-chen,et al.1993.Segmentation of Active Fault[M].Seismological Press,Beijing.1—143(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1992.山西交城断裂断错全新世洪积扇(简报)[J].地震地质,14(3):216.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1992.The dislocated Holocene alluvial-diluvial fans related to theactivity of the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,14(3):216(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1993.山西交城断裂全新世活动证据及第四纪活动历史[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(6).北京:地震出版社.98—104.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1993.The Holocene active evidence and the Quaternary activehistory about the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(6).Seismological Press,Beijing.98—104(in Chinese).
江娃利,谢新生,王瑞,等.2004.山西断陷系交城断裂全新世古地震活动初步研究[J].地震研究,27(2):184—190.JIANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng,WANG Rui,et al.2004.Preliminary study on activity of Holocene paleoearthquakesalong the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi dowmfaulted system[J].Journal of Seismological Research,27(2):184—190(in Chinese).
马保起,许桂林,盛小青,等.1999.山西交城断裂活动的构造地貌学研究[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(13).北京:地震出版社.7—15.MA Bao-qi,XU Gui-lin,SHENG Xiao-qing,et al.1999.A study on tectonogeomorphology along the Jiaocheng Fault,Shanxi Province[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics andCrustal Stress(13).Seismological Press,Beijing.7—15(in Chinese).
毛凤英,张培震.1995.古地震研究的逐次限定方法与新疆北部主要断裂带的古地震研究[A].见:国家地震局地质研究所编.活动断裂研究(4).北京:地震出版社.153—164.MAO Feng-ying,ZHANG Pei-zhen.1995.Progressive constraining method in paleoseismic study and paleoearthquakesalong the major active faults in northern Xinjiang[A].In:Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau(ed).Research on Active Fault(4).Seismological Press,Beijing.153—164(in Chinese).
刘光勋,肖振敏.1982.山西地堑系及其地震构造特征[A].见:中国地质学会构造地质专业委员会编.第二届全国地质构造学术会议论文选集.第三卷.中新生代构造.北京:科学出版社.66—74.LIU Guang-xun,XIAO Zhen-min.1982.Shanxi graben system and its seismotectonics[A].In:Commission onTectonics of the Geological Society of China(ed).Selected Papers of the Second Congress on Tectonics,VolumeⅢ:The Mid Cenozoic Tectonics.Science Press,Beijing.66—74(in Chinese).
冉勇康,邓起东.1999.古地震学研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].科学通报,44(1):12—20.RANYong-kang,DENG Qi-dong.1999.History,present and development of research on paleoseismology[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,44(1):12—20(in Chinese).
苏宗正.1988.山西断陷带地震活动的新构造背景[J].山西地震,(4):2—6.SUZong-zheng.1988.Neotectonic background of seismic activities in the Shanxi fault-depression zone[J].EarthquakeResearch in Shanxi,(4):2—6(in Chinese).
许桂林,马保起,江娃利.1998.山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(11).北京:地震出版社.13—21.XU Gui-lin,MA Bao-qi,JIANG Wa-li.1998.The behavior and segmentation of the Shanxi Jiaocheng active fault[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(11).Seismological Press,Beijing.13—21(in Chinese).
谢新生,赵晋泉,江娃利,等.2007.山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究[J].地震地质,29(4):744—755.XIE Xin-sheng,ZHAO Jin-quan,JIANG Wa-li,et al.2007.Study on Holocene paleoearthquake of Xizhang Trench atthe Jiaocheng Fault zone,Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,29(4):744—755(in Chinese).
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心