非纵地震勘探技术及应用
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摘要
在鄂尔多斯盆地巨厚黄土塬地区,地表结构复杂,低降速带非均质性强、沟中弯线受地形条件限制,测线成网困难、直测线采集资料信噪比和分辨率都较低,不能满足目前岩性勘探的需要,针对这种情况,在经过理论论证和生产试验后,逐步发展了一套针对黄土塬地区的非纵地震勘探技术,其原理是根据三维和宽线地震面元叠加压噪原理及黄土塬地区地震资料的噪音特性,采用非纵观测系统,试验合理的非纵距来克服常规宽线叠加道集方位角窄的缺陷,以多束炮线、检波线激发接收,避开黄土塬近炮点的强干扰,达到合理的压制噪音,提高地震原始资料的信噪比及分辨率的目的,在室内处理中,经过静校正、去噪等一系列技术开展了高保真的处理方法攻关,所得剖面信噪比适中,反射内幕清晰,能够满足目前岩性勘探的需求。
The huge-thick loess area in Erdos Basin has complex surface conditions and the low velocity zone is heterogeneous seriously.The quality of straight-line survey is relatively bad,with terrible signal-to-noise ratio and resolution,and the survey grid of crooked-lines along ravines is sparse,thus the utility of seismic data is too limited to satisfy current lithology exploration.The off-line seismic exploration technique developed in loess plateau area by theory and test absorbed advantages from multi-line exploration techniques,as well as the 3D seismic exploration technique,by delicately designing distance among the off-lines in acquisition according to the property of the noise of seismic data and the theory of suppressing noise by binning in loess plateau area to maximally expanding the azimuth for the stacking trace gathers,not only the near surface dispersion and interference were avoided,but also the wide azimuth design was optimized and the off-line interference suppression effects by multi -line shooting and multi-line receiving,and the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data were improved.Finally,we obtained seismic sections with high quality by applying high fidelity processing such as in static correction and denoising that can be competent for current lithology exploration.
The huge-thick loess area in Erdos Basin has complex surface conditions and the low velocity zone is heterogeneous seriously.The quality of straight-line survey is relatively bad,with terrible signal-to-noise ratio and resolution,and the survey grid of crooked-lines along ravines is sparse,thus the utility of seismic data is too limited to satisfy current lithology exploration.The off-line seismic exploration technique developed in loess plateau area by theory and test absorbed advantages from multi-line exploration techniques,as well as the 3D seismic exploration technique,by delicately designing distance among the off-lines in acquisition according to the property of the noise of seismic data and the theory of suppressing noise by binning in loess plateau area to maximally expanding the azimuth for the stacking trace gathers,not only the near surface dispersion and interference were avoided,but also the wide azimuth design was optimized and the off-line interference suppression effects by multi -line shooting and multi-line receiving,and the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data were improved.Finally,we obtained seismic sections with high quality by applying high fidelity processing such as in static correction and denoising that can be competent for current lithology exploration.
引文
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[5]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,李博.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[D].石油物探,2006.
[2]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1993.
[3]石油物探:孙景旺,杜中东,任文军,等.鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬区多线地震采集技术[J].2003,42(4):505-507.
[4]郭东润.三维地震勘探中的非纵问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,1982,17(4):9-15.
[5]林伯香,孙晶梅,徐颖,李博.几种常用静校正方法的讨论[D].石油物探,2006.
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