振幅衰减特性在地震与爆破识别中的应用
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摘要
基于小震级地震与爆破事件,从快速识别要求出发,分析了P波初动振幅A_1和P波最大振幅A_p分别与S波最大振幅As的幅值比判据及其对事件的识别能力.考虑到传播路径对地震与爆破各振幅的影响,选用合理的振幅随距离衰减公式,分别研究了P波、S波各振幅随震中距的衰减特征,结果显示爆破振幅衰减比地震快;在100km处进行衰减校正后重新计算P波与S波幅值比,得到经过衰减校正后的幅值比A_1/A_s正确识别率从84%提高到98%,A_P/A_S正确识别率从92%提高到100%,表明经衰减校正后的幅值比判据可以更好地应用于小震级地震与爆破的识别中.
Based on the small magnitude earthquakes and explosions and quick identification requirements,this paper analyzed the identification ability of first motion amplitude A_1 and P maximum amplitude A_P to S maximum amplitude A_s ratios.Considering the impact of propagation paths on different seismic amplitude,this paper selected reasonable amplitude attenuation formula with distance,and invesigated attenuation characteristics of P,S amplitudes which indicates that amplitude of explosion attenuated faster than that of earthquake.We chosen 100 km as attenuation correction distance and recalculated the ratios of P amplitude to S amplitude after attenuation correction,then it is shown that the correct recognition rate of A_1/A_S improved from 84%to 98%,A_P/A_S improved from 92%to 100%.These results show that amplitude ratio criteria after attenuation correction could be better applied to small magnitude earthquakes and explosions recognition.
Based on the small magnitude earthquakes and explosions and quick identification requirements,this paper analyzed the identification ability of first motion amplitude A_1 and P maximum amplitude A_P to S maximum amplitude A_s ratios.Considering the impact of propagation paths on different seismic amplitude,this paper selected reasonable amplitude attenuation formula with distance,and invesigated attenuation characteristics of P,S amplitudes which indicates that amplitude of explosion attenuated faster than that of earthquake.We chosen 100 km as attenuation correction distance and recalculated the ratios of P amplitude to S amplitude after attenuation correction,then it is shown that the correct recognition rate of A_1/A_S improved from 84%to 98%,A_P/A_S improved from 92%to 100%.These results show that amplitude ratio criteria after attenuation correction could be better applied to small magnitude earthquakes and explosions recognition.
引文
边银菊,王婷婷,郭永霞.2012.用决策方法识别地震与爆破[J].地震学报,34(3):397-407.Bian Y J,Wang T T,Guo Y X.2012.Discrimination between earthquake and explosions based on decision-making algorithm[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,34(3):397-407(in Chinese).
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,许力生,李鸿吉,牟其铎.2000.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社:92-93.Chen Y T,Wu Z L,Wang P D,Xu L S,Li H J,Mou Q D.2000.Digital SeismologylW].Beijing:Seismological Press:92-93(in Chinese).
潘常周,靳平,肖卫国.2007a.利用克里金技术标定新疆及附近地区P/S震相幅值比及其在地震事件识别中的应用[J]。地震学报,29(6):625-634.Pan C Z,Jin P,Xiao W G.2007a.Calibration of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events in Xinjiang and adjacent areas based on a Bayesian Kriging method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(6):625-634(in Chinese).
潘常周,靳平,王红春.2007b.P/S震相幅值比判据对低震级地震事件的适用性检验[J].地震学报,29(5):521-528.Pan C Z,Jin P,Wang H C.2007b.Applicability of P/S amplitude ratios for the discrimination of low magnitude seismic events[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(5):521-528(in Chinese).
王碧泉,吴大铭,边银菊.1999.中国华北峰值加速度的衰减特性及与北美东部的比较[J].地震学报,21(1):24-31.Wang B Q,Wu D M,Bian Y J.1999.Attenuation characteristics of peak acceleration in Northern China and comparison with eastern North America[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(1):24-31(in Chinese).
王婷婷,边银菊.2011.识别天然地震和人工爆破的判据选择[J].地震地磁观测与研究,32(6):62-67.Wang T T,Bian Y J.2011.Criterion selection of earthquake and explosion recognition[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,32(6):62-67(in Chinese).
赵永,刘卫红,高艳玲.1995.北京地区地震、爆破和矿震的记录图识识[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(4):48-54.Zhao Y,Liu W H,Gao Y L.1995.Distinguishing earthquake,explosion and mine earthquake in Beijing area[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,16(4):48-54(in Chinese).
Che I Y,Jun M S,Jeon J S.2007.A compound linear discriminant method for small-magnitude seismic events and its application to the North Korea seismic event of October 9,2006[J].Earth Planets Space,59(10):e41-e44.
Chun K Y,Wu Y,Henderson G A.2011.Magnitude estimation and source discrimination:A close look at the 2006 and2009 North Korean underground nuclear explosions[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101(3):1315-1329.
Fisk M D,Bottone S.2002.Regional seismic event characterization using a Bayesian formulation of simple Kriging[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,92(6):2277-2296.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2008.Applications of a next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[C]//Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Portsmouth,Virginia:National Nuclear Administration:LA-UR-08-05261,1:583-592.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Walter W R,Randall G E.2009.Seismic event discrimination using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios:Applications to Novaya Zemlya and the Korean Peninsula[C]//Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Tucson,Arizona:National Nuclear Administration:465-474.
Hong T K,Rhie J.2009.Regional source scaling of the 9 October 2006 underground nuclear explosion in North Korea[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(4):2523-2540.
Pasyanos M E,Walter W R.2009.Improvements to regional explosion identification using attenuation models of the lithosphere[J].Geophys Res Lett,36(4):L14303.
Pasyanos M E.2010.A general method to estimate earthquake moment and magnitude using regional phase amplitudes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(4):1724-1732.
Peng K Z,Wu F T,Song L.1985.Attenuation characteristics of peak horizontal acceleration in Northeast and Southwest China[J].Earthquake Eng Struc,13(3):337-350.
Rodgers A J,Walter W R,Schultz C A,Myers S C,Lay T.1999.A comparison of methodologies for representing path effects on regional P/S discriminants[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,89(2):394-408.
Shin J S,Sheen D H,Kim G.2010.Regional observations of the second North Korean nuclear test on 2009 May 25[J].Geophys J Int,180(1):243-250.
Taylor S R,Velasco A A,Hartse H E,Phillips W S,Walter W R,Rodgers A J.2002.Amplitude corrections for regional seismic discriminants[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159(4):623-650.
Taylor S R.2011.Statistical discriminants from two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101(4):1584-1589.
Walter W R,Mayeda K M,Gok R,Rodgers A J,Sicherman A,Hickling T,Dodge D,Matzel E,Ganzberger M,Parker V.2005.Regional seismic discrimination optimization with and without nuclear test data:western US examples[C]//Proceedings of the 21 th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Rancho,Mirage:National Nuclear Administration:693-703.
Yildirim E,G(u|¨)lbag A,Horasan G,Dogan E.2011.Discrimination of quarry blasts and earthquakes in the vicinity of Istanbul using soft computing techniques[J].Computers Geosciences,37(9):1209-1227.
Zhao L F,Xie X B,Wang W M,Yao Z X.2008.Regional seismic characteristics of the 9 October 2006 North Korean nuclear test[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(6):2571-2589.
陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,许力生,李鸿吉,牟其铎.2000.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社:92-93.Chen Y T,Wu Z L,Wang P D,Xu L S,Li H J,Mou Q D.2000.Digital SeismologylW].Beijing:Seismological Press:92-93(in Chinese).
潘常周,靳平,肖卫国.2007a.利用克里金技术标定新疆及附近地区P/S震相幅值比及其在地震事件识别中的应用[J]。地震学报,29(6):625-634.Pan C Z,Jin P,Xiao W G.2007a.Calibration of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events in Xinjiang and adjacent areas based on a Bayesian Kriging method[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(6):625-634(in Chinese).
潘常周,靳平,王红春.2007b.P/S震相幅值比判据对低震级地震事件的适用性检验[J].地震学报,29(5):521-528.Pan C Z,Jin P,Wang H C.2007b.Applicability of P/S amplitude ratios for the discrimination of low magnitude seismic events[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,29(5):521-528(in Chinese).
王碧泉,吴大铭,边银菊.1999.中国华北峰值加速度的衰减特性及与北美东部的比较[J].地震学报,21(1):24-31.Wang B Q,Wu D M,Bian Y J.1999.Attenuation characteristics of peak acceleration in Northern China and comparison with eastern North America[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(1):24-31(in Chinese).
王婷婷,边银菊.2011.识别天然地震和人工爆破的判据选择[J].地震地磁观测与研究,32(6):62-67.Wang T T,Bian Y J.2011.Criterion selection of earthquake and explosion recognition[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,32(6):62-67(in Chinese).
赵永,刘卫红,高艳玲.1995.北京地区地震、爆破和矿震的记录图识识[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(4):48-54.Zhao Y,Liu W H,Gao Y L.1995.Distinguishing earthquake,explosion and mine earthquake in Beijing area[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,16(4):48-54(in Chinese).
Che I Y,Jun M S,Jeon J S.2007.A compound linear discriminant method for small-magnitude seismic events and its application to the North Korea seismic event of October 9,2006[J].Earth Planets Space,59(10):e41-e44.
Chun K Y,Wu Y,Henderson G A.2011.Magnitude estimation and source discrimination:A close look at the 2006 and2009 North Korean underground nuclear explosions[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101(3):1315-1329.
Fisk M D,Bottone S.2002.Regional seismic event characterization using a Bayesian formulation of simple Kriging[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,92(6):2277-2296.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Patton H J,Walter W R.2008.Applications of a next-generation MDAC discrimination procedure using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[C]//Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Portsmouth,Virginia:National Nuclear Administration:LA-UR-08-05261,1:583-592.
Fisk M D,Taylor S R,Walter W R,Randall G E.2009.Seismic event discrimination using two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios:Applications to Novaya Zemlya and the Korean Peninsula[C]//Proceedings of the 30th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Tucson,Arizona:National Nuclear Administration:465-474.
Hong T K,Rhie J.2009.Regional source scaling of the 9 October 2006 underground nuclear explosion in North Korea[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(4):2523-2540.
Pasyanos M E,Walter W R.2009.Improvements to regional explosion identification using attenuation models of the lithosphere[J].Geophys Res Lett,36(4):L14303.
Pasyanos M E.2010.A general method to estimate earthquake moment and magnitude using regional phase amplitudes[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,100(4):1724-1732.
Peng K Z,Wu F T,Song L.1985.Attenuation characteristics of peak horizontal acceleration in Northeast and Southwest China[J].Earthquake Eng Struc,13(3):337-350.
Rodgers A J,Walter W R,Schultz C A,Myers S C,Lay T.1999.A comparison of methodologies for representing path effects on regional P/S discriminants[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,89(2):394-408.
Shin J S,Sheen D H,Kim G.2010.Regional observations of the second North Korean nuclear test on 2009 May 25[J].Geophys J Int,180(1):243-250.
Taylor S R,Velasco A A,Hartse H E,Phillips W S,Walter W R,Rodgers A J.2002.Amplitude corrections for regional seismic discriminants[J].Pure Appl Geophys,159(4):623-650.
Taylor S R.2011.Statistical discriminants from two-dimensional grids of regional P/S spectral ratios[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,101(4):1584-1589.
Walter W R,Mayeda K M,Gok R,Rodgers A J,Sicherman A,Hickling T,Dodge D,Matzel E,Ganzberger M,Parker V.2005.Regional seismic discrimination optimization with and without nuclear test data:western US examples[C]//Proceedings of the 21 th Monitoring Research Review:Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies.Rancho,Mirage:National Nuclear Administration:693-703.
Yildirim E,G(u|¨)lbag A,Horasan G,Dogan E.2011.Discrimination of quarry blasts and earthquakes in the vicinity of Istanbul using soft computing techniques[J].Computers Geosciences,37(9):1209-1227.
Zhao L F,Xie X B,Wang W M,Yao Z X.2008.Regional seismic characteristics of the 9 October 2006 North Korean nuclear test[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,98(6):2571-2589.
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