近海高分辨率多道地震拖缆系统及其在海洋工程中的应用
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摘要
目前我国近海工程地震勘探主要使用单道地震拖缆接收,地层分辨率较低,无法进行速度分析、覆盖叠加等精细处理.为了解决此问题,本文提出近海高分辨率多道地震拖缆技术,并结合该技术的研究成果,简要介绍了多道地震勘探系统组成和地震拖缆的结构设计,讨论了拖缆水听器的选择,组内距、道间距的确定,并给出了一个工程应用实例.该系统可以满足今后海洋研究和工程勘探的需要,在试验和应用中取得了很好的探测效果,具有很好的应用前景.
The main equipment of offshore seismic exploration of China is the single channel seismic explore system. It is difficult to enhance the resolution in shallow strata.Pointing to the problem, the offshore high resolution multichannel seismic streamer system is proposed.The system redounds to coastal research and ocean engineering.The quality of seismic profiles would enhance after onboard processings, such as velocity analysis, stacking and migration. The streamer has four sections.They are the deck segment, the leading vibration isolation segment, working segment, and tail segment.The hydrophones made by the Institute of Acoustics of Chinese Academy of Sciences are used.By means of calculation, the individual hydrophone element spacing in a group is determined as 0.15 m.The streamer group interval is determined as 3.125 m.Besides the structure discussion and an ocean engineering example are also presented in this paper.
The main equipment of offshore seismic exploration of China is the single channel seismic explore system. It is difficult to enhance the resolution in shallow strata.Pointing to the problem, the offshore high resolution multichannel seismic streamer system is proposed.The system redounds to coastal research and ocean engineering.The quality of seismic profiles would enhance after onboard processings, such as velocity analysis, stacking and migration. The streamer has four sections.They are the deck segment, the leading vibration isolation segment, working segment, and tail segment.The hydrophones made by the Institute of Acoustics of Chinese Academy of Sciences are used.By means of calculation, the individual hydrophone element spacing in a group is determined as 0.15 m.The streamer group interval is determined as 3.125 m.Besides the structure discussion and an ocean engineering example are also presented in this paper.
引文
[1] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1993． Lu M J.Principle of seismic survey[M].Dongying : Publishing Houseof China University of Petroleum (in Chinese), 1993．
[2] Roger Parkinson.High Resolution Site Surveys[M].New York: Spon Press 11,2001．
[3] 何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986． He Q D.Principle and technique of seismic survey[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese), 1986．
[4] 温华兵,江国和,方开翔,等.水下拖缆隔振段隔振性能的试验研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,18(2) : 6～10． Weng H B, Jiang G H, Fang K X, et al.Test Research of Isolation Vibration Characteristics on Vibration Isolation M odule of Underwater Cable[J].Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute (Natural Science Edition), 2004,18(2) :6～10．
[5] 罗洪,熊水东,胡永明,倪明.拖曳线列阵用光纤水听器的研究[J].应用声学,2006,25(2) :65～68． Luo H, Xiong SH D, Hu Y M, Ni M.A fiber optic hydrophone to be used in towed line array[J].Applied Acoustics, 2006,25(2) :65～68．
[6] 袁易全.一种浅海石油勘探PVDF圆管内贴式水听器研制新进展[J].声学技术,1998,12(3) :16～20． Yuan Y Q.New progresses in PVDF hydrophone used in shallow marine petroleum survey[J].Technique of Acoustics, 1998,12(3) : 16～20．
[7] 肖孙圣,张金锌,栾桂冬.压电陶瓷水听器加速度响应的有限元分析[J].应用声学,1996,16(6) :8～13． Xiao S S, Zhang J X, Luan G D.Analysis of the acceleration response of piezoelectric ceramic hydrophone using Finite Element Method[J].Applied Acoustics, 1996,16(6) :8～13．
[8] 刘光林,刘泰生,高中录,等.地震检波器的发展方向[J].勘探 地球物理进展,2003,26(3) :178～185． Liu G L, Liu T S, Gao Z L, el al.On the development trend of seismic geophones[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2003,26(3) : 178～185．
[9] 马超,乔学光,贾振安,等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :622～626． Ma C, Qiao X G, Jia Z A, et al.Research and application of fiber Bragg grating geophon[J].Progress In Geophysics,2008, 23(2) : 622～626．
[10] 袁子龙,韩刚,于玲,等.地震勘探仪器主要技术性能分析及改进探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1970～1974． Yuan Z L, Han G, Yu L, et al.Analysis and Improvement of The main Technical Performance of Seismic Exploration Instrument[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22 (6) : 1970 ～1974．
[11] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理及资料解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991． Lu M J.Principle of seismic survey and data interpretation[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press (in Chinese), 1991
[12] Mosher D C, Simpkin P G.Status and Trends of Marine High-resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling: Data Acquisition[J].Geoscience Canada, 1999(26) : 174～188．
[13] 何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001． He H Q.Marine high resolution seismic technology and it's application[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese), 2001．
[14] 王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991． Wang Q H, Xu M C.Anti-interference high resolution shallow seismic prospecting[M].Beijing: Geological publishing house (in Chinese), 1991
[15] 陈洁,温宁,罗文造,等.海试引发深水油气综合地球物理采集的几点思考[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :102～112． Chen J, Wen N, Luo W Z, et al.Several ideas on deep water oil and gas comprehensive geophysical data acquisition from marine experiments[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2009, 24(1) : 102～112．
[16] 孟庆生,楚贤峰,郭秀军,等.高分辨率数据处理技术在近海工程地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(3) :1006～1010． Meng Q S, Chu X F, Guo X J,et al.The application of high resolution seismic data processing technique in multi-channel shallow offshore engineering seismic surveys[J].Progress In Geophysics, 2008, 22(3) : 1006～1010．
[2] Roger Parkinson.High Resolution Site Surveys[M].New York: Spon Press 11,2001．
[3] 何樵登.地震勘探原理和方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1986． He Q D.Principle and technique of seismic survey[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese), 1986．
[4] 温华兵,江国和,方开翔,等.水下拖缆隔振段隔振性能的试验研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,18(2) : 6～10． Weng H B, Jiang G H, Fang K X, et al.Test Research of Isolation Vibration Characteristics on Vibration Isolation M odule of Underwater Cable[J].Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute (Natural Science Edition), 2004,18(2) :6～10．
[5] 罗洪,熊水东,胡永明,倪明.拖曳线列阵用光纤水听器的研究[J].应用声学,2006,25(2) :65～68． Luo H, Xiong SH D, Hu Y M, Ni M.A fiber optic hydrophone to be used in towed line array[J].Applied Acoustics, 2006,25(2) :65～68．
[6] 袁易全.一种浅海石油勘探PVDF圆管内贴式水听器研制新进展[J].声学技术,1998,12(3) :16～20． Yuan Y Q.New progresses in PVDF hydrophone used in shallow marine petroleum survey[J].Technique of Acoustics, 1998,12(3) : 16～20．
[7] 肖孙圣,张金锌,栾桂冬.压电陶瓷水听器加速度响应的有限元分析[J].应用声学,1996,16(6) :8～13． Xiao S S, Zhang J X, Luan G D.Analysis of the acceleration response of piezoelectric ceramic hydrophone using Finite Element Method[J].Applied Acoustics, 1996,16(6) :8～13．
[8] 刘光林,刘泰生,高中录,等.地震检波器的发展方向[J].勘探 地球物理进展,2003,26(3) :178～185． Liu G L, Liu T S, Gao Z L, el al.On the development trend of seismic geophones[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2003,26(3) : 178～185．
[9] 马超,乔学光,贾振安,等.光纤布拉格光栅地震检波器的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :622～626． Ma C, Qiao X G, Jia Z A, et al.Research and application of fiber Bragg grating geophon[J].Progress In Geophysics,2008, 23(2) : 622～626．
[10] 袁子龙,韩刚,于玲,等.地震勘探仪器主要技术性能分析及改进探讨[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6) :1970～1974． Yuan Z L, Han G, Yu L, et al.Analysis and Improvement of The main Technical Performance of Seismic Exploration Instrument[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22 (6) : 1970 ～1974．
[11] 陆基孟.地震勘探原理及资料解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991． Lu M J.Principle of seismic survey and data interpretation[M].Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press (in Chinese), 1991
[12] Mosher D C, Simpkin P G.Status and Trends of Marine High-resolution Seismic Reflection Profiling: Data Acquisition[J].Geoscience Canada, 1999(26) : 174～188．
[13] 何汉漪.海上高分辨率地震技术及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2001． He H Q.Marine high resolution seismic technology and it's application[M].Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese), 2001．
[14] 王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991． Wang Q H, Xu M C.Anti-interference high resolution shallow seismic prospecting[M].Beijing: Geological publishing house (in Chinese), 1991
[15] 陈洁,温宁,罗文造,等.海试引发深水油气综合地球物理采集的几点思考[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1) :102～112． Chen J, Wen N, Luo W Z, et al.Several ideas on deep water oil and gas comprehensive geophysical data acquisition from marine experiments[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2009, 24(1) : 102～112．
[16] 孟庆生,楚贤峰,郭秀军,等.高分辨率数据处理技术在近海工程地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(3) :1006～1010． Meng Q S, Chu X F, Guo X J,et al.The application of high resolution seismic data processing technique in multi-channel shallow offshore engineering seismic surveys[J].Progress In Geophysics, 2008, 22(3) : 1006～1010．
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