基于三维地震资料的构造转换研究——以库车坳陷前陆冲断带KL1号、KL2号构造为例
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摘要
转换构造普遍发育于各类型的沉积盆地内,其本质为在区域应力场作用下盆地内发生的差异变形现象,大多表现为多条断层或褶皱沿走向的相互转换。由于转换构造往往表现为复杂的构造形态,刻画难度大。三维地震资料不但提高了地震成像质量,同时也反映了地下构造"体"的信息,为研究转换构造提供了有力的依据。利用最新采集的三维地震资料,对库车前陆冲断带内的KL1号、KL2号构造的三维空间形态、相互转换关系进行研究,研究结果表明:①KL1号、KL2号构造为发育在库车前陆冲断带的大型冲起构造,该类构造主要由两条反向倾斜断层及其间夹持的背斜组成。②在挤压作用与走滑作用的影响下,KL1号构造与KL2号构造间存在着明显的构造转换作用,表现为背斜的翼部与核部间的差异对接特征,在剖面上表现为复杂的构造样式。③构造活动定量分析表明,KL1号构造与KL2号构造具有侧向生长特征,其演化经历了初始低幅度褶皱、反向断层冲起构造、侧向生长、走滑转换4个阶段。④受控断裂的活动的差异性影响,KL1号构造与KL2号构造保存条件差异较大,KL2号构造天然气富集而KL1号构造含油气性较差。
Transfer structure developed in different types of basin. The inherence of the structure is various deformation of basins under regional stress field. It was always formed with several faults or folds in strike directions and displayed the transformation between each other. Because of the complex feature of the structure, it is difficult to be described. Using 3D seismic data could not only enhance the quality of the profiles, but also provide the 3D information about the geology body which makes the research on transfer structure better. Based on up-to-date 3D seismic data, research is conducted on the 3D geometry and interconversion about KL1 and KL2 structure in Kuqa foreland thrust system. Results show that: (1) KL1 and KL2 are pop-up structures formed by two opposite inclination thrust faults and an anticline between them. (2) There are complex structures in this belt which perform as differential joint of the core and the limb of the anticline under the effection of transpression. (3) Quantitative analysis of fault activity shows that KL1 and KL2 have experienced initiative low anticline stage, pop-up structure stage, lateral growth stage and strike-slip transfer stage. (4) The preservation condition which is influenced by fault activities is different in KL1 and KL2. KL2 structure is rich in gas. The petroliferous property of KL1 structure is poor.
Transfer structure developed in different types of basin. The inherence of the structure is various deformation of basins under regional stress field. It was always formed with several faults or folds in strike directions and displayed the transformation between each other. Because of the complex feature of the structure, it is difficult to be described. Using 3D seismic data could not only enhance the quality of the profiles, but also provide the 3D information about the geology body which makes the research on transfer structure better. Based on up-to-date 3D seismic data, research is conducted on the 3D geometry and interconversion about KL1 and KL2 structure in Kuqa foreland thrust system. Results show that: (1) KL1 and KL2 are pop-up structures formed by two opposite inclination thrust faults and an anticline between them. (2) There are complex structures in this belt which perform as differential joint of the core and the limb of the anticline under the effection of transpression. (3) Quantitative analysis of fault activity shows that KL1 and KL2 have experienced initiative low anticline stage, pop-up structure stage, lateral growth stage and strike-slip transfer stage. (4) The preservation condition which is influenced by fault activities is different in KL1 and KL2. KL2 structure is rich in gas. The petroliferous property of KL1 structure is poor.
引文
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[22]赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,等.库车坳陷克拉2气藏裂缝—孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):10～13.
[23]万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,等.库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):187～196.
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[25]高岗,黄志龙.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉1构造油气运移事件[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(1):15～18.
[2]M orley C K,Nelson R A,P atton T L.T ransfer zones in the East African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts.AAPGBulletin.1990,74(8):1234～1253.
[3]漆家福.裂陷盆地中的构造变换带及其石油地质意义[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(4):43～50.
[4]陈发景.调节带(或传递带)的基本概念和分类[J].现代地质,2003,17(2):186～207.
[5]周建生,陈发景.黄骅坳陷横向变换带的构造特征及成因[J].现代地质,1997,11(4):425～433.
[6]邬光辉,漆家福.黄骅盆地一级构造变换带的特征与成因[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):125～128.
[7]陈发景,贾庆素,张洪年.传递带及其在砂体发育中的作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):144～148.
[8]王风华,李荣权.构造转换带精细研究及非构造油气藏勘探[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):178～180.
[9]李亚辉,徐健.高邮凹陷构造转换带控油机制研究与实践[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(5):21～23.
[10]管树巍,汪新,杨树锋,等.位移转换的两种概念模型与实例[J].中国科学:D辑,2004,34(9):807～817.
[11]刘见宝,夏斌,吕宝凤,等.综合多种方法识别济阳拗陷反转构造[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(1):21～24.
[12]肖立新,雷德文,魏凌云,等.准南西段构造样式及逆冲推覆构造特征[J].天然气工业,2012,32(11):36～39.
[13]李明刚,杨桥,张健.黄骅拗陷新生代构造样式及其演化[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(1):71～77.
[14]梁顺军,肖宇,刁永波,等.库车坳陷山地复杂构造速度场研究及其应用效果[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):59～64.
[15]徐振平,李勇,马玉杰,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造单元划分新方案与天然气勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2011,31(3):31～36.
[16]梁顺军,肖宇.库车坳陷西秋构造带盐下低幅度构造圈闭研究及勘探思路[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(1):19～24.
[17]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002(增刊):1～8.
[18]易士威,杜金虎,杨海军.塔里木盆地下古生界成藏控制因素及勘探思路[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(3):1～7.
[19]张小兵,李仲东,宋荣彩,等.塔里木盆地草湖地区油气成藏特征[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,26(3):32～36.
[20]贾承造,等.塔里木盆地石油地质与勘探丛书(卷一)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:136～137.
[21]贾承造,周新源,王招明,等.克拉2气田的发现及勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(1):79～88.
[22]赵力彬,石石,肖香姣,等.库车坳陷克拉2气藏裂缝—孔隙型砂岩储层地质建模方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(10):10～13.
[23]万桂梅,汤良杰,金文正,等.库车坳陷西部构造圈闭形成期与烃源岩生烃期匹配关系探讨[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):187～196.
[24]王招明,何爱东.塔北隆起中西部油气富集因素与勘探领域[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):153～156.
[25]高岗,黄志龙.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉1构造油气运移事件[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(1):15～18.
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