地震多参数约束下的真假BSR识别
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摘要
地震勘探是探测海底天然气水合物的重要手段,利用地震资料的诸多特征可以较好地识别海底天然气水合物,尤其是在识别似海底反射(BSR)方面发挥着重要作用。由于多次波等特征与BSR有很多相似之处,如果辨别不当就很容易被误认为是BSR,将会得出错误的结论。以我国某海域实际资料为例,从研究BSR的地震特征出发,指明多次波、气泡效应等多种假BSR现象,提出了利用精细速度分析、AVO特征分析、多次波压制等多种地震参数约束以识别真假BSR,进而提高海洋地震勘探精度,为寻找更多的海底天然气水合物提供技术保障。
Seismic survey is an important mean for detection of gas hydrates on seabed.Many seismic attributes could be used to identify submarine gas hydrates,but the Bottom Simulating Reflector,or BSR in brief,remains the basic.However,the multiple waves are sometimes very similar to the BSR,and easy to be falsely treated as a BSR.The wrong conclusions based on these false BSR will mislead decision-making.Therefore,it is critical to distinguish the true BSR from the false ones.In this paper,we proposed some seismic criteria to identify the multiples and bubble effect so as to separate them from BSR.Taking an example from Chinese sea territory,we used an integrated approach of velocity analysis,AVO and multiplies suppression,and the accuracy of marine seismic exploration is upgraded as the result.It will provide technical support to more effective gas hydrate exploration.
Seismic survey is an important mean for detection of gas hydrates on seabed.Many seismic attributes could be used to identify submarine gas hydrates,but the Bottom Simulating Reflector,or BSR in brief,remains the basic.However,the multiple waves are sometimes very similar to the BSR,and easy to be falsely treated as a BSR.The wrong conclusions based on these false BSR will mislead decision-making.Therefore,it is critical to distinguish the true BSR from the false ones.In this paper,we proposed some seismic criteria to identify the multiples and bubble effect so as to separate them from BSR.Taking an example from Chinese sea territory,we used an integrated approach of velocity analysis,AVO and multiplies suppression,and the accuracy of marine seismic exploration is upgraded as the result.It will provide technical support to more effective gas hydrate exploration.
引文
[1]马在田,宋海滨,孙建国.海底天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术平[J],地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):1-6.
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[5]Tinivella U,Lodolo E.The Blake Ridge Bottom-simulatingreflector transect:tomographic velocity field and theoreticalmodel to estimate methane hydrate quantities[C]∥Pro-ceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results.2000,164:273-281.
[6]方银霞,高金耀.冲绳海槽天然气水合物与地质构造的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(1):86-91.
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[11]王祝文,李周波,刘菁华.天然气水合物的测井识别和评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):97-102.
[12]杨文达.东海陆坡天然气水合物地震波特征研究[J].上海地质,2004(1):36-42.
[13]许东禹,吴必豪,陈邦彦.海底天然气水合物的识别标志和探测技术[J].海洋石油,2000(4):1-7.
[14]周兵,朱介寿.一种新的地震射线层析成像计算方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):45-54.
[15]李邗,何诚.AVO处理解释和岩性识别[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(2):145-150.
[16]崔树果,刘怀山.海域天然气水合物AVO特征研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(增刊):79-86.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:122-165.
[18]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventionalshale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale ofnorth-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[19]Bowker K A.Barnett Shale gas production in Fort WorthBasin:Issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[20]Dushan B J,Roger D S,Sharon L A.Ghosting and ma-rine signature deconvolution:A perquisite for detailedseismic interpretation[J].Geophysics,1983,48:1 468-1485.
[21]李丽青.海洋区域地质调查中的高分辨率单道地震资料关键处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):86-92.
[22]刘怀山,周正云.用于研究东海天然气水合物的地震资料处理方法[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(3):441-448.
[2]Shipley T H,Houston M H,Buller R T,et al.Seismic ev-idence for widespread possible gas hydrates horizons on con-tinental slopes and margins[J].Am.Assoc.Pet.Geol.Bull.,1979,63:2 204-2 213.
[3]Ewing J I,Hollister C D.Regional Aspects of Deep SeaDrilling in the Western North Atlantic[M]∥Init.Repts.DSDP,11.Washington:U.S.Govt.Printing Office,1972:951-971.
[4]Tucholke B E,Bryan G M,Ewing J I.Gas-hydrate hori-zons detected in seismic-profiler data from the westernNorth Atlantic[J].Am.Assoc.Pet.Geol.Bull.,1977,61:698-707.
[5]Tinivella U,Lodolo E.The Blake Ridge Bottom-simulatingreflector transect:tomographic velocity field and theoreticalmodel to estimate methane hydrate quantities[C]∥Pro-ceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Scientific Results.2000,164:273-281.
[6]方银霞,高金耀.冲绳海槽天然气水合物与地质构造的关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(1):86-91.
[7]Kvenvolden K A,李玉梅.天然气水合物中甲烷的地球化学研究[J].天然气地球科学,1998,9(3/4):9-18.
[8]杨木壮,梁金强.天然气水合物调查研究方法与技术[J],海洋地质动态,2001,17(7):14-19.
[9]姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(4):11-18.
[10]刘怀山,周正云.东海冲绳海槽天然气水合物地震特征研究[J].地球科学,2001,2(S):11-16.
[11]王祝文,李周波,刘菁华.天然气水合物的测井识别和评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):97-102.
[12]杨文达.东海陆坡天然气水合物地震波特征研究[J].上海地质,2004(1):36-42.
[13]许东禹,吴必豪,陈邦彦.海底天然气水合物的识别标志和探测技术[J].海洋石油,2000(4):1-7.
[14]周兵,朱介寿.一种新的地震射线层析成像计算方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):45-54.
[15]李邗,何诚.AVO处理解释和岩性识别[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(2):145-150.
[16]崔树果,刘怀山.海域天然气水合物AVO特征研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(增刊):79-86.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:122-165.
[18]Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventionalshale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale ofnorth-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[19]Bowker K A.Barnett Shale gas production in Fort WorthBasin:Issues and discussion[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):523-533.
[20]Dushan B J,Roger D S,Sharon L A.Ghosting and ma-rine signature deconvolution:A perquisite for detailedseismic interpretation[J].Geophysics,1983,48:1 468-1485.
[21]李丽青.海洋区域地质调查中的高分辨率单道地震资料关键处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):86-92.
[22]刘怀山,周正云.用于研究东海天然气水合物的地震资料处理方法[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(3):441-448.
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