高拱坝振动台地震破坏试验研究及数值仿真
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摘要
以大岗山拱坝模型的动力破坏试验为基础,从试验和数值计算角度,对整体拱坝动力特性、薄弱部位、破坏形态以及抗震性能进行研究。采用和混凝土性能相似的脆性模型材料,通过逐级加载的方式在振动台上对整体拱坝进行从弹性到破坏整个过程的模型试验,分析坝体动态特性、加速度和应变的变化规律。并采用弹脆性损伤模型对混凝土拱坝在地震作用下损伤破坏的全过程进行数值仿真,探讨拱坝动力破坏过程、破坏形态,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:模型试验和对原型进行的数值模拟所得到的破坏过程和破坏形态都较为接近。在顺河向地震作用下,顶拱的坝中部位为地震应力最高的区域,是坝体薄弱的部位,整体拱坝首先在该位置出现裂纹,其次是顶拱距左右两岸1/4拱圈处。在强震作用下,拱向和梁向裂缝贯穿上下游,将导致拱顶中部的混凝土脱离坝体,丧失壅水功能。试验和计算结果相互印证,可呈现高拱坝在强烈地震作用下的损伤破坏过程及破坏形态,确定抗震薄弱环节,为混凝土高坝的抗震功能设计提供基础。
The seismic safety of a high arch dam is studied through shaking table test and numerical simulation.The dynamic characteristics of the high arch dam system,weak portions,failure mode,as well as aseismic behaviors during earthquakes are discussed.A type of brittle material which has the same characteristic as the common concrete is used to study the dynamic failure process of high arch dam adopting the step loading method on shaking table.The dynamic characteristics,the change law of dam acceleration and dynamic strain are investigated.An elasto-brittle damage constitutive model is applied to simulate and analyze the dynamic failure process of high arch dam under meizoseismic motion.The comparison between the calculated results and those obtained from shaking table tests shows that they are close and definitely verified each other.The study also shows that the top of arch crown and one-quarter point of both sides are the vulnerable parts of arch dam and cracks normally appear near these parts under meizoseismic motion along stream direction.The cracks along the stream direction cut across arch dam and concrete block falls down from the top of arch crown.The arch dam is endangered to the impounding function and the structure bearing capacity.Vulnerable parts of the dam to earthquake loading and various factors that affect the earthquake-resistant behavior of the dam,such as the openings existing in the dam body,are discussed under meizoseismic motions of different levels.These researches provide basic data for performance-based aseismic design of high concrete arch dam.
The seismic safety of a high arch dam is studied through shaking table test and numerical simulation.The dynamic characteristics of the high arch dam system,weak portions,failure mode,as well as aseismic behaviors during earthquakes are discussed.A type of brittle material which has the same characteristic as the common concrete is used to study the dynamic failure process of high arch dam adopting the step loading method on shaking table.The dynamic characteristics,the change law of dam acceleration and dynamic strain are investigated.An elasto-brittle damage constitutive model is applied to simulate and analyze the dynamic failure process of high arch dam under meizoseismic motion.The comparison between the calculated results and those obtained from shaking table tests shows that they are close and definitely verified each other.The study also shows that the top of arch crown and one-quarter point of both sides are the vulnerable parts of arch dam and cracks normally appear near these parts under meizoseismic motion along stream direction.The cracks along the stream direction cut across arch dam and concrete block falls down from the top of arch crown.The arch dam is endangered to the impounding function and the structure bearing capacity.Vulnerable parts of the dam to earthquake loading and various factors that affect the earthquake-resistant behavior of the dam,such as the openings existing in the dam body,are discussed under meizoseismic motions of different levels.These researches provide basic data for performance-based aseismic design of high concrete arch dam.
引文
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[11]张我华,邱战洪,余功栓.地震荷载作用下坝及其岩基的脆性动力损伤分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 311–1 317.(ZHANG Wohua,QIU Zhanhong,YU Gongshuan.Analysis of brittle dynamic damage in dam and rock foundation due to earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 311–1 317.(in Chinese))
[12]陈健云,李静,林皋.基于速率相关混凝土损伤模型的高拱坝地震响应分析[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(10):46–50.(CHEN Jianyun,LI Jing,LIN Gao.Seismic response analysis of high arch dam based on strain rate-dependant concrete damage model[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(10):46–50.(in Chinese))
[13]杜荣强,林皋.混凝土弹塑性多轴损伤模型及其应用[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4):567–572.(DU Rongqiang,LIN Gao.A multiaxial anisotropic elastoplastic damage model for concrete and its application[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2007,47(4):567–572.(in Chinese))
[14]高文学,刘运通,杨军.脆性岩石冲击损伤模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):153–156.(GAO Wenxue,LIU Yuntong,YANG Jun.A study of shock damage model of britle rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):153–156.(in Chinese))
[15]赵吉东,尹健民,周维垣,等.节理岩体断烈损伤模型在三峡坝基岩体力学参数模拟和预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):176–179.(ZHAO Jidong,YIN Jianmin,ZHOU Weiyuan,et al.Fracture-damage model of jointed rockmass and its application to the numerical parametes predicting of the dam-bed-rock of the Three Gorges Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):176–179.(in Chinese))
[16]唐春安,朱万成.混凝土损伤与断裂——数值试验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(TANG Chun′an,ZHU Wancheng.Damage and fracture of concrete:numerical test[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[2]王海波,李德玉,陈厚群.拱坝振动台动力破坏试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7):109–118.(WANG Haibo,LI Deyu,CHEN Houqun.Experimental study on the dynamic failure of arch dams using a shaking table[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(7):109–118.(in Chinese))
[3]WANG H B,LI D Y.Experimental study of seismic overloading of large arch dam[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2006,35(2):199–216.
[4]WANG H B,LI D Y.Experimental study of dynamic damage of an arch dam[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2007,36(3):347–366.
[5]GHOBARAH A,GHAEMIAN M.Experimental study of small scale dam models[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(11):1 241–1 248.
[6]ZHOU J,LIN G,ZHU T,et al.Experimental investigation into seismic failure of high arch dams[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(8):926–935.
[7]范书立,陈健云,周晶,等.龙开口水电站溢流坝段动力模型破坏试验研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(增):195–199.(FAN Shuli,CHEN Jianyun,ZHOU Jing,et al.Experimental research on overfall section dynamic repture of Longkaikou Project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(Supp.):195–199.(in Chinese))
[8]范书立.混凝土重力坝的动力模型破坏试验及可靠性研究[博士学文论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.(FAN Shuli.Research on dynamic failure test and reliability of concrete gravity dam[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[9]王建涌.大岗山拱坝动力模型破坏试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.(WANG Jianyong.Failure test research on dynamic model of Dagangshan Arch Dam[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[10]钟红,林皋,李建波,等.高拱坝地震损伤破坏的数值模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(7):848–853.(ZHONG Hong,LIN Gao,LI Jianbo,et al.Numerical simulation of damage in high arch dam due to earthquake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(7):848–853.(in Chinese))
[11]张我华,邱战洪,余功栓.地震荷载作用下坝及其岩基的脆性动力损伤分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1 311–1 317.(ZHANG Wohua,QIU Zhanhong,YU Gongshuan.Analysis of brittle dynamic damage in dam and rock foundation due to earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1 311–1 317.(in Chinese))
[12]陈健云,李静,林皋.基于速率相关混凝土损伤模型的高拱坝地震响应分析[J].土木工程学报,2003,36(10):46–50.(CHEN Jianyun,LI Jing,LIN Gao.Seismic response analysis of high arch dam based on strain rate-dependant concrete damage model[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2003,36(10):46–50.(in Chinese))
[13]杜荣强,林皋.混凝土弹塑性多轴损伤模型及其应用[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,47(4):567–572.(DU Rongqiang,LIN Gao.A multiaxial anisotropic elastoplastic damage model for concrete and its application[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2007,47(4):567–572.(in Chinese))
[14]高文学,刘运通,杨军.脆性岩石冲击损伤模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):153–156.(GAO Wenxue,LIU Yuntong,YANG Jun.A study of shock damage model of britle rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):153–156.(in Chinese))
[15]赵吉东,尹健民,周维垣,等.节理岩体断烈损伤模型在三峡坝基岩体力学参数模拟和预测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):176–179.(ZHAO Jidong,YIN Jianmin,ZHOU Weiyuan,et al.Fracture-damage model of jointed rockmass and its application to the numerical parametes predicting of the dam-bed-rock of the Three Gorges Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):176–179.(in Chinese))
[16]唐春安,朱万成.混凝土损伤与断裂——数值试验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(TANG Chun′an,ZHU Wancheng.Damage and fracture of concrete:numerical test[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
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