从“土法改进”谈救灾帐篷居住环境的改善——以汶川8.0级地震救灾为例
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摘要
帐篷在救灾过程中发挥着巨大作用,但内部热湿环境比较恶劣,空温、内表面均温都超出了人体所能适应的范围,严重影响灾区群众的身心健康。汶川8.0级地震的灾区群众利用一些土方法如搭遮阳网等对帐篷进行了改进。通过对门窗封闭和门窗开启情况下改进的帐篷与普通帐篷室内温度、相对湿度、内表面均温的对比,发现采取一些简单的改进方法能取得意想不到的效果,可以有效的降低帐篷内部温度和内表面均温,从而降低帐篷内的当量有效温度,改善帐篷内居住环境。从而得到很大启示,提出了一些在帐篷使用过程中的改善措施以及结构改进的方向。
Tents play a great role in the disaster relief,but its inner thermal condition is bad and the air temperature and inner surface temperature are beyond the tolerance of human body.It would influence physical and mental health of victims.Victims in Wenchuan earthquake made use of some traditional methods to improve it,such as adding shade net.By comparing the tents that were improved with the ordinary tents from the aspects of inner temperature,relative humidity,average temperature of inner surface in case of doors and windows open and closed,it is shown that some simple methods could acquire unexpected results.It could reduce effective temperature and improve living environment,which gave us some inspiration.The authors put forward some measures for improving the use of tent and bettering tent structure.
Tents play a great role in the disaster relief,but its inner thermal condition is bad and the air temperature and inner surface temperature are beyond the tolerance of human body.It would influence physical and mental health of victims.Victims in Wenchuan earthquake made use of some traditional methods to improve it,such as adding shade net.By comparing the tents that were improved with the ordinary tents from the aspects of inner temperature,relative humidity,average temperature of inner surface in case of doors and windows open and closed,it is shown that some simple methods could acquire unexpected results.It could reduce effective temperature and improve living environment,which gave us some inspiration.The authors put forward some measures for improving the use of tent and bettering tent structure.
引文
[1]胡绍华,孟庆林,王超民.淋水对帐篷热环境改善的实验研究[J].后勤工程学院学报,2007,23(2):81-83.
[2]苗平.湿空气对人体热舒适的影响[J].洁净与空调技术.2003(4):13-16.
[3]闫斌,郭春信,程宝义,等.舒适性空调室内设计参数优化[J].暖通空调,1999,29(1):44-45.
[4]McIntyre D A.Indoor Climate[M].London:Apphed SciencePublished Ltd.1980.
[5]王昭俊.现场研究中热舒适指标的选取问题[J].暖通空调,2004,34(12):39-41.
[6]吕石磊.极端热环境下人体热耐受力研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7]ASHRAE Standard 55-1992[S].Thermal environmental condi-tions for human occupancy
[8]龙恩深.建筑能耗基因理论与建筑节能实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:88-89.
[2]苗平.湿空气对人体热舒适的影响[J].洁净与空调技术.2003(4):13-16.
[3]闫斌,郭春信,程宝义,等.舒适性空调室内设计参数优化[J].暖通空调,1999,29(1):44-45.
[4]McIntyre D A.Indoor Climate[M].London:Apphed SciencePublished Ltd.1980.
[5]王昭俊.现场研究中热舒适指标的选取问题[J].暖通空调,2004,34(12):39-41.
[6]吕石磊.极端热环境下人体热耐受力研究[D].天津:天津大学,2006.
[7]ASHRAE Standard 55-1992[S].Thermal environmental condi-tions for human occupancy
[8]龙恩深.建筑能耗基因理论与建筑节能实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:88-89.
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