考虑横缝键槽咬合的拱坝地震响应分析
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摘要
基于非线性指数型动接触本构模型,对实际键槽模型进行简化处理。采用的本构模型可以考虑缝面的开合非线性以及横缝键槽的咬合作用。采用点-面接触模型模拟横缝的非线性动接触行为,精细研究了缝面开度、径向位移的变化及其对坝体应力状态的影响,并与平缝结果进行了比较。以一座拟建的混凝土重力拱坝,探讨了横缝及其诱导缝对大坝工作性态的影响,并对横缝键槽的影响进行了综合分析。研究表明,横缝的径向滑移量要远大于开度,当考虑诱导缝时,由于大坝整体性受到削弱,横缝开度变大;考虑键槽效应后,径向滑移效应大幅减小,而法向开度增大,坝踵处的主拉应力以及拱冠梁顶处的拱向拉应力的最大值均变大。
The exponential nonlinear dynamic contact models,combined with point-to-surface contact mo-dels,are adopted for analyzing dynamic response of arch dam with key slots.Due to the complexity of the real structure of key slots,it needs to be simplified for the purpose of the research.Compared with the results of the flat joint models,the detailed studies of the key slot models concerns about the change law of the normal joint opening,the radial sliding and its effect on the dam stress states are carried out.A planning concrete arch dam as an instance is presented in the paper to discuss the effect of the contraction joint and induced joint on the work behavior of the dam.Additionally,the comprehensive analysis on the effect of key slot is also provided.The results show the radial slid of the arch dam with flat joints comparing to the normal opening is dominating,and the opening of contraction joints will increase with the induced joint which may weaken the stiffness and the integrity of the dam,but the induced joint have a less effect on the dam stress.Comparing with the flat joint models,the radial sliding of the key slot models will greatly decrease while the normal opening will increase;the maximum principal tension stress of the dam heel and the maximum arch stress of the crown cantilever crest will also increase.
The exponential nonlinear dynamic contact models,combined with point-to-surface contact mo-dels,are adopted for analyzing dynamic response of arch dam with key slots.Due to the complexity of the real structure of key slots,it needs to be simplified for the purpose of the research.Compared with the results of the flat joint models,the detailed studies of the key slot models concerns about the change law of the normal joint opening,the radial sliding and its effect on the dam stress states are carried out.A planning concrete arch dam as an instance is presented in the paper to discuss the effect of the contraction joint and induced joint on the work behavior of the dam.Additionally,the comprehensive analysis on the effect of key slot is also provided.The results show the radial slid of the arch dam with flat joints comparing to the normal opening is dominating,and the opening of contraction joints will increase with the induced joint which may weaken the stiffness and the integrity of the dam,but the induced joint have a less effect on the dam stress.Comparing with the flat joint models,the radial sliding of the key slot models will greatly decrease while the normal opening will increase;the maximum principal tension stress of the dam heel and the maximum arch stress of the crown cantilever crest will also increase.
引文
[1]陈厚群.混凝土高坝强震震例分析和启迪[J].水利学报,2009,40(1):10-18.Chen H Q.Analysis on damages of high concretedams subjected to strong earthquake and lessons forlearning[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(1):10-18.
[2]黄文雄,许庆春,王德信.拱坝的非线性开裂有限元分析[J].河海大学学报,1994,22(5):100-103.Huang W X,Xu Q C,Wang D X.Nonlinear crackedfinite element analysis of arch dams[J].Journal ofHohai University,1994,22(5):100-103.
[3]蔡新,郭兴文,王德信,等.拱坝整体非线性稳定分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),1999,27(2):74-80.Cai X,Guo X W,Wang D X,et al.Nonlinear stabili-ty analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Hohai Univer-sity(Natural Science),1999,27(2):74-80.
[4]赵光恒,杜成斌.分缝拱坝的地震响应分析[J].河海大学学报,1994,22(5):1-8.Zhao G H,Du C B.Seismic response analysis of joint-ed arch dams[J].Journal of Hohai University,1994,22(5):1-8.
[5]Goodman R E,Taylor R L,Brekke T L.A model forthe mechanics of joint rock[J].Journal of the SoilMechanics and Foundations,1968,94(3):660-677.
[6]杜成斌,任青文.用于接触面模拟的三维非线性接触单元[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(4):92-96.Du C B,Ren Q W.A new three-dimensional nonli-near interface element for modeling joints[J].Journalof Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2001,31(4):92-96.
[7]陈厚群,李德玉,胡晓,等.有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,(4):10-25.Chen H Q,Li D Y,Hu X,et al.Nonlinear modeltest and computation analysis on dynamic behavior ofarch dam with contraction joints[J].Earthquake Engi-neering and Engineering Vibration,1995,(4):10-25.
[8]陈厚群.水工混凝土结构抗震研究进展的回顾和展望[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(4):245-257.Chen H Q.Review and prospect of seismic study onconcrete hydraulic structures[J].Journal of China In-stitute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2008,6(4):245-257.
[9]傅作新,张燎军.考虑有键槽的施工缝时大体积混凝土结构的应力分析[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(4):64-69.Fu Z X,Zhang L J.Stress analysis of massive con-crete structure considering construction joints withkey grooves[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1994,27(4):64-69.
[10]朱伯芳.有限厚度带键槽接缝单元及接缝对混凝土坝应力的影响[J].水利学报,2001,(2):1-7.Zhu B F.Joint element with keys and the influence ofjoint on stresses in concrete dams[J].Journal of Hy-draulic Engineering,2001,(2):1-7.
[11]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,3(24):34-38.Shi J J,Sun B,Zhou Y D,et al.Effects of contractionjoint contact and reservoir models on dynamic re-sponse of arch dams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric En-gineering,2005,3(24):34-38.
[12]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094-1099.Long Y C,Zhou Y D,Zhang C H.A comparisonstudy of nonlinear dynamic responses of arch damsbased on two types of contraction joint models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094-1099.
[13]闫晓荣,林皋,陈健云.一种考虑横缝非线性的接触模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,(3):78-85.Yan X R,Lin G,Chen J Y.A contact model consi-dering the nonlinear behaviors of transverse joints[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2006,(3):78-85.
[14]张栋.拱坝横缝及键槽形式对坝体地震响应的影响分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.Zhang D.Seismic analysis of arch dam with the ef-fects of the joint and shear key[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of technology,2007.
[15]庄茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.312-385.Zhuang Z,Zhang F,Cen S,et al.Analysis and Exam-ple of Abaqus Nonlinear Finite Element[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.312-385.
[16]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.666-703.Wang X C.Finite Element Method[M].Beijing:Ts-inghua University Press,2003.666-703.
[17]DL 5073-2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].
[18]DL 5077-1997,水工建筑物荷载设计规范[S].
[2]黄文雄,许庆春,王德信.拱坝的非线性开裂有限元分析[J].河海大学学报,1994,22(5):100-103.Huang W X,Xu Q C,Wang D X.Nonlinear crackedfinite element analysis of arch dams[J].Journal ofHohai University,1994,22(5):100-103.
[3]蔡新,郭兴文,王德信,等.拱坝整体非线性稳定分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),1999,27(2):74-80.Cai X,Guo X W,Wang D X,et al.Nonlinear stabili-ty analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Hohai Univer-sity(Natural Science),1999,27(2):74-80.
[4]赵光恒,杜成斌.分缝拱坝的地震响应分析[J].河海大学学报,1994,22(5):1-8.Zhao G H,Du C B.Seismic response analysis of joint-ed arch dams[J].Journal of Hohai University,1994,22(5):1-8.
[5]Goodman R E,Taylor R L,Brekke T L.A model forthe mechanics of joint rock[J].Journal of the SoilMechanics and Foundations,1968,94(3):660-677.
[6]杜成斌,任青文.用于接触面模拟的三维非线性接触单元[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,31(4):92-96.Du C B,Ren Q W.A new three-dimensional nonli-near interface element for modeling joints[J].Journalof Southeast University(Natural Science Edition),2001,31(4):92-96.
[7]陈厚群,李德玉,胡晓,等.有横缝拱坝的非线性动力模型试验和计算分析研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,(4):10-25.Chen H Q,Li D Y,Hu X,et al.Nonlinear modeltest and computation analysis on dynamic behavior ofarch dam with contraction joints[J].Earthquake Engi-neering and Engineering Vibration,1995,(4):10-25.
[8]陈厚群.水工混凝土结构抗震研究进展的回顾和展望[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(4):245-257.Chen H Q.Review and prospect of seismic study onconcrete hydraulic structures[J].Journal of China In-stitute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2008,6(4):245-257.
[9]傅作新,张燎军.考虑有键槽的施工缝时大体积混凝土结构的应力分析[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(4):64-69.Fu Z X,Zhang L J.Stress analysis of massive con-crete structure considering construction joints withkey grooves[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1994,27(4):64-69.
[10]朱伯芳.有限厚度带键槽接缝单元及接缝对混凝土坝应力的影响[J].水利学报,2001,(2):1-7.Zhu B F.Joint element with keys and the influence ofjoint on stresses in concrete dams[J].Journal of Hy-draulic Engineering,2001,(2):1-7.
[11]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,3(24):34-38.Shi J J,Sun B,Zhou Y D,et al.Effects of contractionjoint contact and reservoir models on dynamic re-sponse of arch dams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric En-gineering,2005,3(24):34-38.
[12]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094-1099.Long Y C,Zhou Y D,Zhang C H.A comparisonstudy of nonlinear dynamic responses of arch damsbased on two types of contraction joint models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094-1099.
[13]闫晓荣,林皋,陈健云.一种考虑横缝非线性的接触模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,(3):78-85.Yan X R,Lin G,Chen J Y.A contact model consi-dering the nonlinear behaviors of transverse joints[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2006,(3):78-85.
[14]张栋.拱坝横缝及键槽形式对坝体地震响应的影响分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.Zhang D.Seismic analysis of arch dam with the ef-fects of the joint and shear key[D].Dalian:DalianUniversity of technology,2007.
[15]庄茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.312-385.Zhuang Z,Zhang F,Cen S,et al.Analysis and Exam-ple of Abaqus Nonlinear Finite Element[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.312-385.
[16]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.666-703.Wang X C.Finite Element Method[M].Beijing:Ts-inghua University Press,2003.666-703.
[17]DL 5073-2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].
[18]DL 5077-1997,水工建筑物荷载设计规范[S].
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