煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究
摘要
采用本质安全型微震监测系统,在煤矿深部采场布置了微震监测台网,对测区内的爆破波信号进行了原位采集试验。提出了地震波"穿层"和"顺层"传播的概念,得到了地震波振幅的衰减曲线和回归方程。试验结果表明,振幅随传播距离的增大呈幂级衰减;"穿层"传播的衰减速率远大于"顺层"传播;地震波"穿层"传播200 m后,振幅损失严重,初始到时点开始模糊,需对到时进行补偿后方可参与震源定位。该结果进一步证实了该监测台网布置的合理性(测点平均间距60 m)。微震监测和音频电透视结果证明,岩体破裂区和富集水区的存在加速了波的衰减。这些定性和定量的研究结论将为进一步研究微震监测台网布置的优化方案提供理论依据,也可为其他地球物理监测或探测手段提供实测的基础参数。
Based on a microseismic monitoring system,a field monitoring experiment on the wave propagation from an explosive source was conducted in a deep coal mine.The results show that seismic attenuation is exponentially related to the propagation distance.After about 200 m of oblique propagation crosses the rock beddings,the amplitude of the seismic wave is significantly reduced;and the first arrival point is not clear at all and there needs to be compensation prior to source location.The experiment also shows that microseismic monitoring with 60 m geophone intervals is good for mine-scale studies.Microseismic monitoring,together with the result of audio perspective drawing indicates that fractured and water-charged regions significantly accelerates seismic attenuation.The results provide an objective theoretical basis for further studying the optimization of seismic monitoring network arrays,which can support other monitoring tools in underground coal mining.
Based on a microseismic monitoring system,a field monitoring experiment on the wave propagation from an explosive source was conducted in a deep coal mine.The results show that seismic attenuation is exponentially related to the propagation distance.After about 200 m of oblique propagation crosses the rock beddings,the amplitude of the seismic wave is significantly reduced;and the first arrival point is not clear at all and there needs to be compensation prior to source location.The experiment also shows that microseismic monitoring with 60 m geophone intervals is good for mine-scale studies.Microseismic monitoring,together with the result of audio perspective drawing indicates that fractured and water-charged regions significantly accelerates seismic attenuation.The results provide an objective theoretical basis for further studying the optimization of seismic monitoring network arrays,which can support other monitoring tools in underground coal mining.
引文
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[15]李夕兵,陈寿如,古德生.岩石在不同加载波下的动载强度[J].中国矿冶学院学报,1994,25(3):301–304.(LI Xibing,CHEN Shouru,GU Desheng.Dynamic strength of rock under impulse loads with different stress waveforms and durations[J].Journal of Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1994,25(3):301–304.(in Chinese))
[16]王玉杰,梁开水,田新邦.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石与学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(WANG Yujie,LIANG Kaishui,TIAN Xinbang.Study on redundant regulation of underground digging basting vibration of Zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(in Chinese))
[17]郭学彬,肖正学,张继春,等.论爆破地震波在传播过程中的衰减特性[J].中国矿业,2006,15(3):51–53,57.(GUO Xuebin,XIAO Zhengxue,ZHANG Jichun,et al.On attenuating characteristic of blasting seismic waves in propagating process[J].China Mining Magazine,2006,15(3):51–53,57.(in Chinese))
[18]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):979–984.(JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on overlying strata spatial structures of longwall in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):979–984.(in Chinese))
[19]汪华君,姜福兴,成云海,等.覆岩导水裂隙带高度的微地震(MS)监测研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(3):74–76.(WANG Huajun,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Yunhai,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring and measuring at top level of water conducted cracking zone in overburden rock[J].Coal Engineering,2006,(3):74–76.(in Chinese))
[20]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhaie,t al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[21]逄焕东,姜福兴.微地震监测中传感器的布置方法[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2003,55(6):20–21,44.(PANG Huandong,JIANG Fuxing.Installing techniques of geophones used in microseismic monitoring underground[J].Nonferrous Metal(Mine Section),2003,55(6):20–21,44.(in Chinese)
[22]杨淑华,张新民,姜福兴,等.微地震监测的深孔检波器及其安装技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):68–70.(YANG Shuhua,ZHANG Xinmin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Deep hole geophones and installing techniques used in microseismic monitoring underground[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(1):68–70.(in Chinese))
[23]张雪亮,黄数棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.(ZHANG Xueliang,HUANG Shutang.Blasting seismic effect[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[24]哈努卡耶夫A H.矿岩爆破物理过程[M].刘殿中译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980.(ХАНУКАЕВАН.Physical process of blasting in rock[M].Translated by LIU Dianzhong.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1980.(in Chinese))
[2]阳生权,周健,刘宝琛.爆破震动作用下公路隧道动力特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5 803–5 807.(YANG Shengquan,ZHOU Jian,LIU Baochen.Blasting vibration analysis of concrete lining in highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5 803–5 807.(in Chinese))
[3]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1 074–1 082.(MA Zhaojun,LIU Yang.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1 074–1 082.(in Chinese))
[4]李孝林,佟彦军.爆破地震传播规律及其激励特性分析[J].爆破,2004,21(3):90–92.(LI Xiaolin,TONG Yanjun.Analysis of blasting vibration transmission regularity and promoting characteristics[J].Blasting,2004,21(3):90–92.(in Chinese))
[5]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 365–1 371.(GAO Mingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong,et al.Experimental study on earthquake tremor for transmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 365–1 371.(in Chinese))
[6]宋守志.固体介质中的应力波[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.(SONG Shouzhi.Stress wave in solid media[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1989.(in Chinese))
[7]姚姚.地震波场与地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.(YAO Yao.Seismic wave field and seismic prospecting[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.(in Chinese))
[8]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.(HU Yuxian.Engineering seismology[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[9]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994.(LI Xibing,GU Desheng.Rock impact dynamics[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[10]吴文,徐松林,杨春和,等.岩盐冲击特性试验研究[J].岩石与学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3 613–3 620.(WU Wen,XU Songlin,YANG Chunhe,et al.Testing studies on response behaviour of rock salt to impacting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3 613–3 620.(in Chinese))
[11]GRADY D E,KIPP M E.The micromechanics of impact fracture of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1979,16(6):293–302.
[12]TRUNIN R F.Shock compressibility of condensed materials in strong shock waves generated by underground nuclear explosive[J].Physics Uspekhi,1994,37(11):1 123–1 146.
[13]GOLDMITH W,POLIVKA M,YANG T.Dynamic behaviour of concrete[J].Experimental Mechanics,1966,6(2):65–69.
[14]寇绍金,虞吉林,杨根宏.石灰岩中应力衰减机制的试验研究[J].力学学报,1982,14(6):583–588.(KOU Shaojin,YU Jilin,YANG Genhong.Testing studies on attenuation mechanics of stress wave in limestone[J].Journal of Mechanics,1982,14(6):583–588.(in Chinese))
[15]李夕兵,陈寿如,古德生.岩石在不同加载波下的动载强度[J].中国矿冶学院学报,1994,25(3):301–304.(LI Xibing,CHEN Shouru,GU Desheng.Dynamic strength of rock under impulse loads with different stress waveforms and durations[J].Journal of Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1994,25(3):301–304.(in Chinese))
[16]王玉杰,梁开水,田新邦.周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破地震波衰减规律的研究[J].岩石与学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(WANG Yujie,LIANG Kaishui,TIAN Xinbang.Study on redundant regulation of underground digging basting vibration of Zhouning hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 111–4 114.(in Chinese))
[17]郭学彬,肖正学,张继春,等.论爆破地震波在传播过程中的衰减特性[J].中国矿业,2006,15(3):51–53,57.(GUO Xuebin,XIAO Zhengxue,ZHANG Jichun,et al.On attenuating characteristic of blasting seismic waves in propagating process[J].China Mining Magazine,2006,15(3):51–53,57.(in Chinese))
[18]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):979–984.(JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on overlying strata spatial structures of longwall in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):979–984.(in Chinese))
[19]汪华君,姜福兴,成云海,等.覆岩导水裂隙带高度的微地震(MS)监测研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(3):74–76.(WANG Huajun,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Yunhai,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring and measuring at top level of water conducted cracking zone in overburden rock[J].Coal Engineering,2006,(3):74–76.(in Chinese))
[20]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhaie,t al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[21]逄焕东,姜福兴.微地震监测中传感器的布置方法[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2003,55(6):20–21,44.(PANG Huandong,JIANG Fuxing.Installing techniques of geophones used in microseismic monitoring underground[J].Nonferrous Metal(Mine Section),2003,55(6):20–21,44.(in Chinese)
[22]杨淑华,张新民,姜福兴,等.微地震监测的深孔检波器及其安装技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):68–70.(YANG Shuhua,ZHANG Xinmin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Deep hole geophones and installing techniques used in microseismic monitoring underground[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(1):68–70.(in Chinese))
[23]张雪亮,黄数棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.(ZHANG Xueliang,HUANG Shutang.Blasting seismic effect[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[24]哈努卡耶夫A H.矿岩爆破物理过程[M].刘殿中译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980.(ХАНУКАЕВАН.Physical process of blasting in rock[M].Translated by LIU Dianzhong.Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1980.(in Chinese))
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