汶川大地震给金沙江下游水电开发带来的思考
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摘要
2008年5月12日四川汶川发生的8.0级特大地震,为新中国历史上震级最大、影响范围最广、破坏最严重的地震。本文通过对汶川大地震中岷江流域沙牌、紫坪铺等已建水电工程震损情况的实地调查,分析了水电工程抗震表现和主要设施设备防震抗震性能,得出了一些重要的结论:大坝工程经受住了远超设防标准的强震考验;地下电站具有较强的抗震能力,但应注意隧洞进出口位置的合理选择;应进一步加强泄洪设施及设备的抗震性能,尤其是要具备应急使用条件。文中还结合金沙江下游河段梯级水电开发的实际,提出了水电工程和水库防震、抗震安全管理值得关注的几个主要问题:建立水库地震监测系统;加强电站枢纽工程区及周边强震监测;健全强震下的应急机制和应急预案;确保重大地震灾害情况下的通信保障和交通运输保障等。
The magnitude 8.0 earthquake that hit Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province on May 12,2008,is the most destructive with the highest magnitude and widest region of influence ever occurred in the history of China.This paper presents an analysis of anti-seismic performance of hydropower projects and major facilities and equipment,which is based on a field survey of the earthquake damages of hydropower projects constructed in the Min River basin such as Shapai and Zipingpu,and draws the following important conclusions.The dam structures stood the test of strong earthquake far beyond the design standards.The underground power stations have a strong anti-seismic capability,but the reasonably selected locations of the tunnel entrance and exit should be emphasized.The anti-seismic safety of the flood control facilities and equipment should be further strengthened,particularly to ensure the availability of emergency use.In addition,this paper discusses some concerned issues of anti-seismic safety management of hydropower projects and reservoirs for the practices of cascade hydropower development at the lower reaches of Jinsha River,and emphasizes the engineering measures to strengthen the monitoring system of strong earthquakes in the power station complex and the surrounding areas,to set up an emergency response mechanism with contingency plans against strong earthquakes,as well as to ensure the communication availability and traffic support in case of major earthquake disasters, etc.
The magnitude 8.0 earthquake that hit Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province on May 12,2008,is the most destructive with the highest magnitude and widest region of influence ever occurred in the history of China.This paper presents an analysis of anti-seismic performance of hydropower projects and major facilities and equipment,which is based on a field survey of the earthquake damages of hydropower projects constructed in the Min River basin such as Shapai and Zipingpu,and draws the following important conclusions.The dam structures stood the test of strong earthquake far beyond the design standards.The underground power stations have a strong anti-seismic capability,but the reasonably selected locations of the tunnel entrance and exit should be emphasized.The anti-seismic safety of the flood control facilities and equipment should be further strengthened,particularly to ensure the availability of emergency use.In addition,this paper discusses some concerned issues of anti-seismic safety management of hydropower projects and reservoirs for the practices of cascade hydropower development at the lower reaches of Jinsha River,and emphasizes the engineering measures to strengthen the monitoring system of strong earthquakes in the power station complex and the surrounding areas,to set up an emergency response mechanism with contingency plans against strong earthquakes,as well as to ensure the communication availability and traffic support in case of major earthquake disasters, etc.
引文
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[4]关志诚,宋彦刚,蔡德文.紫坪铺高面板坝“5.12”震害调查与安全状态评价[J].水利水电技术,2008,39(9):36~39.GUAN Zhicheng,SONG Yangang,CAI Dewen.Safety assessment and investigation on damage from disaster of“5.12”Wenchuan earthquakefor Zipingpu Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2008,39(9):36~39.(in Chinese)
[5]陈秋华.沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝的技术创新及成就[J].水电站设计,2006,22(2):13~17.CHEN Qiuhua.Shapai RCC Arch Dam Technical Innovations&Achievement[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Staiton,2006,22(2):13~17.(in Chinese)
[6]王平,何顺宾,李永红.福堂水电站拦河闸三维有限元静力分析和动力响应分析[J].水电站设计,2002,18(2):37~41.WANG Ping,HE Shunbin,LI Yonghong.Futang Hydropower Station gate static three-dimensional finite element analysis and dynamicresponse analysis[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2002,18(2):37~41.(in Chinese)
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