多尺度随机孔洞介质地震波正演及其逆时成像
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摘要
常规地震勘探理论无法完全解释复杂多变的地质特征,较难达到高精度地震资料处理的目的,因此必须发展适应复杂非均匀介质的地震波场传播理论,以更好地刻画真实的复杂构造、岩性、裂隙油气藏的特点。根据实际火山岩样的随机特征,构建了相应的多尺度组合型随机孔洞介质模型,并进行了高精度地震波正演数值模拟和逆时成像研究,制作了在不同频率条件下的自激自收剖面和逆时偏移剖面,计算结果表明,构建的多尺度随机孔洞介质模型可以有效模拟真实的地质变化特征,同时指出准确区分由地层随机非均匀性引起的散射波场响应和干扰信号是实现高分辨率地震勘探的前提。
The conventional seismic prospecting theory can't completely interpret some complex variable seismic property,and can hardly achieve the purpose of high-precision seismic data processing;Therefore,it is necessary to develop a seismic wave theory fit for complex non-homogeneous medium to depict the characteristics of the real complex structure,lithologic,cranny reservoir correctly.According to the random character of the practical volcanic samples,the paper constructs corresponding multi-scale random carve model and carries out the forward numerical simulation and reverse-time migration,therefore,horizontal stack section and its reverse-time depth migration section with high or low frequency are created,the numerical results show that,the created multi-scale random carve models can effectively simulate the real geological variable character,and at the same time,the paper also points out that correctly distinguishing the scattering wave field raised by the random heterogeneous formation from the invalid signal is the prerequisite of the high-resolution seismic prospecting.
The conventional seismic prospecting theory can't completely interpret some complex variable seismic property,and can hardly achieve the purpose of high-precision seismic data processing;Therefore,it is necessary to develop a seismic wave theory fit for complex non-homogeneous medium to depict the characteristics of the real complex structure,lithologic,cranny reservoir correctly.According to the random character of the practical volcanic samples,the paper constructs corresponding multi-scale random carve model and carries out the forward numerical simulation and reverse-time migration,therefore,horizontal stack section and its reverse-time depth migration section with high or low frequency are created,the numerical results show that,the created multi-scale random carve models can effectively simulate the real geological variable character,and at the same time,the paper also points out that correctly distinguishing the scattering wave field raised by the random heterogeneous formation from the invalid signal is the prerequisite of the high-resolution seismic prospecting.
引文
[1]王中,安朝晖.三维地震可视化解释技术及其应用[J].上海地质,2007,28(3):54-58.
[2]王峰,阮斌.浅层地震勘探震源性状探讨[J].上海地质,2005,26(2):46-48,52.
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[4]师先进,何仁汉,徐仲达.三分量地震检波器的转换公式及误差分析[J].上海地质,1992,13(3):35-40.
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[6]Aki K.Analysis of seismic coda of local earthquakes as scatteredwaves[J].J.Geophysics.Res.,1969,74:615-631.
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[16]Kerner C.Anisotropy in sedimentary rocks modeled as randommedia[J].Geophysics,1992,57:564-576.
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[18]Ikelle L,Yung S,Daube F.2-D random media with ellipsoidalautocorrelation function[J].Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359-1372.
[19]Kneib G,Shapiro S.Viscoacoustic wave propagation in 2D randommedia and separation of absorption and scattering attenuation[J].Geophysics,1995,60(2):451-460.
[20]Shapiro S,Schwarz R,Gold N.The effect of random isotropic inhomogeneities on the phase velocity of seismic waves[J].Geophysical Journal International,1996,127:783-794.
[21]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微,等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124-126,131.
[22]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315-320.
[23]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):31-36.
[24]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):57-67.
[25]姚姚,奚先.区域多尺度随机介质模型及其波场分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):1-7.
[26]奚先,姚姚,顾汉民.随机溶洞介质模型的构造[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):105-108.
[27]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):147-154.
[28]奚先,姚姚.非平稳随机介质模型[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):71-75.
[29]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236.
[30]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[31]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157.
[32]陈可洋,杨微,吴清岭,等.几种地震波叠后深度偏移方法的比较[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):257-260.
[33]陈可洋.地震波差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22.
[34]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175.
[35]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件在弹性波波场分离数值模拟中的应用[J].石油工业计算机应用,2010,25(1):10-12.
[2]王峰,阮斌.浅层地震勘探震源性状探讨[J].上海地质,2005,26(2):46-48,52.
[3]王家林.非地震石油物探的进展及其特点[J].上海地质,1997,18(1):5-9.
[4]师先进,何仁汉,徐仲达.三分量地震检波器的转换公式及误差分析[J].上海地质,1992,13(3):35-40.
[5]Aminzadeh F.Future geophysical technology trends[J].TheLeading Edge,1996,15(6):739-742.
[6]Aki K.Analysis of seismic coda of local earthquakes as scatteredwaves[J].J.Geophysics.Res.,1969,74:615-631.
[7]O’Doherty R F,Anstey N A.Reflections on amplitudes[J].Geophysics.Prosp.,1971,19:430-458.
[8]Richards P G,Menke W.The apparent attenuation of a scatteringmedium[J].Bull.,Seis.Soc.Am.,1983,73:1005-1021.
[9]Frankel A,Clayton R W.A finite-difference simulation of wave propagation in two-dimensional random media[J].Bull.,Seis.Soc.Am.,1984,74:2167-2186.
[10]Frankel A,Clayton R W.Finite-difference simulations of seismicscattering:Implications for the propagation of short-period seismicwaves in the crust and models of crustal heterogeneity[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1986,91:6465-6489.
[11]Lenoach B.Surface wave propagation in a random layeredmedium[J].J.Phys.A:Math.Gen.,1987,20:2367-2377.
[12]Burridge R,Chang H W.Multimode,one-dimensional,wavepropagation in a highly discontinuous medium[J].Wave Motion,1988,11:231-249.
[13]Burridge R,Chang H W.Pulse evolution in a multimode,one-dimensional highly discontinuous medium[A],In:McCarthy MF,Hayes M A.eds.Elastic wave propagation[C].Elsevier SciencePubl.Co.,Inc.,1989:229-234.
[14]Stanke F E,Burridge R.Comparison of spatial and ensembleaveraging methods applied to wave propagation in fi nely layeredmedia[A].60th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,ExpandedAbstracts[C].1990:1062-1065.
[15]Toks?z M N,Charette E E.Effects of random heterogeneitieson seismic waves:Implications for determination of reservoirheterogeneities[A]:Presented at the Soc.Expl.Geophys[C].JapanInt.Conf.on Geotomography,1990.
[16]Kerner C.Anisotropy in sedimentary rocks modeled as randommedia[J].Geophysics,1992,57:564-576.
[17]Korn M.Seismic wave in random media[J].,AppliedGeophysics.1993,29:247-269.
[18]Ikelle L,Yung S,Daube F.2-D random media with ellipsoidalautocorrelation function[J].Geophysics,1993,58(9):1359-1372.
[19]Kneib G,Shapiro S.Viscoacoustic wave propagation in 2D randommedia and separation of absorption and scattering attenuation[J].Geophysics,1995,60(2):451-460.
[20]Shapiro S,Schwarz R,Gold N.The effect of random isotropic inhomogeneities on the phase velocity of seismic waves[J].Geophysical Journal International,1996,127:783-794.
[21]陈可洋,刘洪林,杨微,等.随机介质模型的改进方法及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(5):124-126,131.
[22]陈可洋.三维随机建模方法及其波场模拟分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(5):315-320.
[23]姚姚,奚先.随机介质模型正演模拟及其地震波场分析[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):31-36.
[24]奚先,姚姚.随机介质模型的模拟与混合型随机介质[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2002,27(1):57-67.
[25]姚姚,奚先.区域多尺度随机介质模型及其波场分析[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):1-7.
[26]奚先,姚姚,顾汉民.随机溶洞介质模型的构造[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9):105-108.
[27]奚先,姚姚.二维弹性随机介质中的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):147-154.
[28]奚先,姚姚.非平稳随机介质模型[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):71-75.
[29]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236.
[30]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478.
[31]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157.
[32]陈可洋,杨微,吴清岭,等.几种地震波叠后深度偏移方法的比较[J].勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(4):257-260.
[33]陈可洋.地震波差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22.
[34]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175.
[35]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件在弹性波波场分离数值模拟中的应用[J].石油工业计算机应用,2010,25(1):10-12.
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