拱坝横缝键槽形式对拱坝地震响应的影响分析
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摘要
建立了包含拱坝横缝键槽物理构造的简化矩形键槽和梯形键槽模型,横缝键槽接触面之间的本构关系采用指数型动接触本构模型,比较分析了平缝模型、矩形键槽模型以及梯形键槽模型对拱坝横缝局部以及拱坝整体应力-位移地震响应的影响。分析结果表明:与平缝模型相比,键槽的存在对拱坝横缝局部以及大坝整体的响应均有较大影响,横缝的开度明显增大,坝段之间的滑移量减小,横缝底端的应力集中现象明显减弱,上游坝面整体的应力状态有所改善,坝顶的最大顺河向位移有所降低;两种键槽模型对大坝整体的应力-位移响应的影响较接近,但对拱坝横缝局部的开度及坝段之间的滑移量影响较大。
A simple numerical model for rectangular shear keys and trapezoidal shear keys are presented,and the exponential nonlinear dynamic contact models are adopted to simulate the contact relations of joint profiles.The effects of plane joints,rectangular shear keys and trapezoidal shear keys on the local responses of contraction joints and the global responses of stress and displacement of arch dam are compared.It is shown that the shear keys have greater effects on both the local and global responses.The keys cause an increase in the joint opening while a decrease in the slide along joints,and they cause a considerable reduction in the stress concentration at the bottom of contraction joints and in the maximum stream-wise displacement of the dam crest.It is also found that the difference between rectangular and trapezoidal keys is not obvious in improving the global responses,but significant in the effects on the joint opening and slide along joints.
A simple numerical model for rectangular shear keys and trapezoidal shear keys are presented,and the exponential nonlinear dynamic contact models are adopted to simulate the contact relations of joint profiles.The effects of plane joints,rectangular shear keys and trapezoidal shear keys on the local responses of contraction joints and the global responses of stress and displacement of arch dam are compared.It is shown that the shear keys have greater effects on both the local and global responses.The keys cause an increase in the joint opening while a decrease in the slide along joints,and they cause a considerable reduction in the stress concentration at the bottom of contraction joints and in the maximum stream-wise displacement of the dam crest.It is also found that the difference between rectangular and trapezoidal keys is not obvious in improving the global responses,but significant in the effects on the joint opening and slide along joints.
引文
[1]Niwa A,Clough R W.Nonlinear seismic response of arch dams[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1982,10(2):267～281.
[2]Dowling M L,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1989,115(4):768～789.
[3]林皋.汶川大地震中大坝震害与大坝抗震安全性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):657～666.LIN Gao.Performance of dams suffered in Wenchuan earthquake and seismic safety analysis of dams[J].Journal of DalianUniversity of Technology,2009,49(5):657～666.(in Chinese)
[4]张栋.拱坝横缝及键槽形式对坝体地震响应的影响分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.Zhang D.Seismic analysis of arch dam with the effects os the joint and shear key[D].Dalian:Dalian University of technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[5]江守燕,杜成斌,陈灯红.考虑横缝键槽咬合的拱坝地震响应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(2):177～184.JIANG Shouyan,DU Chengbin,CHEN Denghong.Seismic Response Analysis of Arch Dam with Key Slots Occlusion[J].Journalof Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(2):177～184.(in Chinese)
[6]傅作新,张燎军.考虑有键槽的施工缝时大体积混凝土结构的应力分析[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(4):64-69.FU Zuoxin,ZHANG Liaojun.Stress analysis of massive concrete structure considering construction joints with key grooves[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1994,27(4):64～69.(in Chinese)
[7]ZHANG Chuhan,PAN Jianwen,WANG Jinting.Influence of seismic input mechanisms and radiation damping on arch dam response[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,(29):1282～1293.
[8]石建军,孙冰,周元德等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34～38.SHI Jianjun,SUN Bing,ZHOU Yuande et al.Effects of contraction joint contact and reservoir models on dynamic response of archdams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(3):34～38.(in Chinese)
[9]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094～1099.LONG Yuchuan,ZHOU Yuande,ZHANG Chunhan.A comparison study of nonlinear dynamic responses of arch dams based on twotypes of contraction joint models[J].Journal of Hydrolic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094～1099.(in Chinese)
[10]江守燕,杜成斌,陈灯红.NamNgum5水电站分缝重力拱坝地震响应分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(3):308-312.JIANG Shouyan,DU Chengbin,CHEN Denghong.Seismic response analysis of NamNgum5 hydropower station gravity arch dam[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Science,2010,38(3):308～312.(in Chinese)
[11]DL 5073-2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].2000.DL 5073-2000,Specification for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].2000.
[2]Dowling M L,Hall J F.Nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1989,115(4):768～789.
[3]林皋.汶川大地震中大坝震害与大坝抗震安全性分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):657～666.LIN Gao.Performance of dams suffered in Wenchuan earthquake and seismic safety analysis of dams[J].Journal of DalianUniversity of Technology,2009,49(5):657～666.(in Chinese)
[4]张栋.拱坝横缝及键槽形式对坝体地震响应的影响分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.Zhang D.Seismic analysis of arch dam with the effects os the joint and shear key[D].Dalian:Dalian University of technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[5]江守燕,杜成斌,陈灯红.考虑横缝键槽咬合的拱坝地震响应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(2):177～184.JIANG Shouyan,DU Chengbin,CHEN Denghong.Seismic Response Analysis of Arch Dam with Key Slots Occlusion[J].Journalof Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(2):177～184.(in Chinese)
[6]傅作新,张燎军.考虑有键槽的施工缝时大体积混凝土结构的应力分析[J].土木工程学报,1994,27(4):64-69.FU Zuoxin,ZHANG Liaojun.Stress analysis of massive concrete structure considering construction joints with key grooves[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1994,27(4):64～69.(in Chinese)
[7]ZHANG Chuhan,PAN Jianwen,WANG Jinting.Influence of seismic input mechanisms and radiation damping on arch dam response[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,(29):1282～1293.
[8]石建军,孙冰,周元德等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34～38.SHI Jianjun,SUN Bing,ZHOU Yuande et al.Effects of contraction joint contact and reservoir models on dynamic response of archdams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(3):34～38.(in Chinese)
[9]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094～1099.LONG Yuchuan,ZHOU Yuande,ZHANG Chunhan.A comparison study of nonlinear dynamic responses of arch dams based on twotypes of contraction joint models[J].Journal of Hydrolic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094～1099.(in Chinese)
[10]江守燕,杜成斌,陈灯红.NamNgum5水电站分缝重力拱坝地震响应分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(3):308-312.JIANG Shouyan,DU Chengbin,CHEN Denghong.Seismic response analysis of NamNgum5 hydropower station gravity arch dam[J].Journal of Hohai University:Natural Science,2010,38(3):308～312.(in Chinese)
[11]DL 5073-2000,水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].2000.DL 5073-2000,Specification for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].2000.
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