数学形态学在地震信号处理中的应用研究
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摘要
数学形态学是一门新兴科学,它建立在严格的数学理论基础之上,是研究数字信号(图像)形态结构特征及其快速并行处理方法的理论,已经成功应用于图像处理、医学信号处理和语音信号处理等领域.地震信号去噪处理和裂缝检测的研究一直都是地质学家和油气藏工程学家感兴趣的问题.本文将数学形态学与地震信号处理相结合,重点探讨了数学形态学在地震信号处理中的应用,针对地震信号的特点,设计了形态滤波器,应用于合成地震资料,得到了理想的结果.在此基础上,本文研究并构造了形态学边缘检测算子,通过理论和实际资料检验,该方法具有良好适用性.以上研究表明,基于形态学的地震信号处理是可行的,具有推广应用前景.
Mathematical morphology is a new developing science.It is based on strict mathematical theory,and provides a systematic approach to analyze the geometric characteristics of signals or images.And it has been applied widely to many fields such as image processing,medical signal processing,speech signal processing and so on. Seismic signal filtering and fracture detection are important to geologists and oil reservoir engineers.Thus,this paper attempts to introduce mathematical morphology in the seismic exploration field,and mainly discusses applications of mathematical morphology to seismic signal processing.Then according to the characteristics of he seismic signal,we construct and design a morphological filter,which is applied to the filtering of synthetical seismic sections,yielding a satisfied result.On this basis,the paper studies and constructs an operator of morphological edge detection,which is applied to the seismic fracture detection with a good result.The result of research indicates it is feasible to process seismic signals based on mathematical morphology.And it has a prospect of popularizing and applying.
Mathematical morphology is a new developing science.It is based on strict mathematical theory,and provides a systematic approach to analyze the geometric characteristics of signals or images.And it has been applied widely to many fields such as image processing,medical signal processing,speech signal processing and so on. Seismic signal filtering and fracture detection are important to geologists and oil reservoir engineers.Thus,this paper attempts to introduce mathematical morphology in the seismic exploration field,and mainly discusses applications of mathematical morphology to seismic signal processing.Then according to the characteristics of he seismic signal,we construct and design a morphological filter,which is applied to the filtering of synthetical seismic sections,yielding a satisfied result.On this basis,the paper studies and constructs an operator of morphological edge detection,which is applied to the seismic fracture detection with a good result.The result of research indicates it is feasible to process seismic signals based on mathematical morphology.And it has a prospect of popularizing and applying.
引文
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[10] 陈辉,胡英,李军.数学形态学在地震裂缝检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2008,28(3) :48～50． Chen H,Hu Y,Li J.Research and application of seismic fracture detection based on mathematical morphology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(3) :48～～50．
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[12] 刘循,游志胜.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法[J].光电工程,2003,30(3) :56～58． Liu X,You Z S.An image Edge detection method based on multi-scale morphology[J].Opto-electronic Engineering,2003,30(3) :56～58．
[13] Chanda B.A multi-scale morphological edge detector[J].Pattern Recognition,1998,31(10) :1469～1478． Lee K H.Adaptive basis matrix for the morphological function processing opening and closing[J].IEEE Trans.On Image Processing,1997,6(5) :769～774．
[15] 刘慧敏,等.图像边缘信息分析中数学形态学的应用方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(4) :325～330． Liu H M,et al.The Edge Information analysis by mathematical geomorphology of image[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2001,26 (4) :325～330．
[16] 秦承志,裴韬,等.基于数学形态学的地震带图像识别分析[J].地球信息科学,2004,6(2) :101～105． Qin C,Pei T,et al.Identification of seismic belts from earthquake points by skeleton operation of mathematical morphology[J].GEO-Information Science,2004,6(2) :101～ 105．
[17] Huang F G.The soft morphology applied to detecting image edge[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2005,5A (4) :89 ～93．
[18] 连静,王珂.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,5:77～79． Lian J,Wang K.An image edge detection method based on multi scale morphology[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2006,5:77～79．
[2] Haralick R M,Sternberg S R,Zhuang X.Image analysis using mathematical morphology[J].IEEE Trans on PAMI,1987,9 (4) :532～552．
[3] J,Higgins W E.Comparison between the morphology skeleton and morphology shape decomposition[J].IEEE Trans.Pattern Anal.MachineIntell,1996,18:951～957．
[4] 崔屹.图象处理与分析:数学形态学方法及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000．
[5] 张文坡,陈湛文.线性化空间变换叠前与叠后地震记录去噪方法[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1) :190～193． Zhang W P,Chen Z W.Denoise method for prestack and poststack seismic records by linear spatial transformation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(1) :190～193．
[6] 王润 秋,郑桂娟,付洪洲,等.地震资料处理中的形态滤波去噪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3) :277～282． Wang R Q,Zheng G J,Fu H Z,et al.Noise-eliminated method by morphologic filtering in seismic data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40 (3) :277～ 282．
[7] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法、技术综合评述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4) :1083～1091． Zhang J H,Lu N,Tian L Y,etal.An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4) :1083～ 1091．
[8] 吴招才,刘天佑.地震数据去噪中的小波方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2) :493～499． Wu Z C,Liu T Y.Wavelet transform methods in seismic data noise attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23 (2) :493～499．
[9] 贺振华,黄德济,等.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用.四川科学技术出版社,1999．
[10] 陈辉,胡英,李军.数学形态学在地震裂缝检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2008,28(3) :48～50． Chen H,Hu Y,Li J.Research and application of seismic fracture detection based on mathematical morphology[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(3) :48～～50．
[11] 高霞,谢庆宾.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5) :1460～1465． Gao X,Xie Q B.Advances in identification and evaluation of fracture[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5) :1460～ 1465．
[12] 刘循,游志胜.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法[J].光电工程,2003,30(3) :56～58． Liu X,You Z S.An image Edge detection method based on multi-scale morphology[J].Opto-electronic Engineering,2003,30(3) :56～58．
[13] Chanda B.A multi-scale morphological edge detector[J].Pattern Recognition,1998,31(10) :1469～1478． Lee K H.Adaptive basis matrix for the morphological function processing opening and closing[J].IEEE Trans.On Image Processing,1997,6(5) :769～774．
[15] 刘慧敏,等.图像边缘信息分析中数学形态学的应用方法[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2001,26(4) :325～330． Liu H M,et al.The Edge Information analysis by mathematical geomorphology of image[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2001,26 (4) :325～330．
[16] 秦承志,裴韬,等.基于数学形态学的地震带图像识别分析[J].地球信息科学,2004,6(2) :101～105． Qin C,Pei T,et al.Identification of seismic belts from earthquake points by skeleton operation of mathematical morphology[J].GEO-Information Science,2004,6(2) :101～ 105．
[17] Huang F G.The soft morphology applied to detecting image edge[J].Journal of Image and Graphics,2005,5A (4) :89 ～93．
[18] 连静,王珂.多尺度形态学图像边缘检测方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,5:77～79． Lian J,Wang K.An image edge detection method based on multi scale morphology[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2006,5:77～79．
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