地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展
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摘要
川江流域历史地震是影响川江流域沙量与河床演变的主要动力因素之一。"5.12"汶川大地震将进一步增加地震区流域的水土流失,改变川江流域的河流泥沙运动和河床演变趋势。汶川地震是龙门山断裂带有历史文献记录以来发生的最大地震灾害。地震诱发了大量的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等次生地质灾害,在地表富集了大规模的松散堆积体。地震严重损坏了近20年来建设的水土保持设施,加剧了水土流失,较大地改变了流域坡面侵蚀条件和河流泥沙来源。综述了若干关键科学技术问题,包括地震与流域产沙,川江流域的泥沙量,地震与川江水系河床演变,地震次生灾害后的河流修复。并建议加强水利工程科学、地质科学和环境生态科学的交叉融合,开展震区河流灾后修复理论和关键技术的研究。
Historical earthquakes were one of main dynamic factors for river sediment yield in Chuanjiang catchment,and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 will further affect its soil erosion,and the trend of river sediment and fluvial processes.Wenchuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in Longmen Mountain area as recorded in the historic documents.The earthquake has changed erosion condition and resources of sediment owing to abundant incompact mass induced dilapidations,landslips,debris flows and barrier lakes.The earthquake has damaged erosion control instructures developed in recent 20 years,and cause more serious erosion.Advances of relative science and technology studies were summarized,which included the relationships between earthquake and catchment sediment yield;sediment amount of rivers in earthquake area;Effects of earthquake to fluvial processes of Chuanjiang water system;River restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes.It was suggested that further studies are especially required,including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering,geo-science,and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river restoration after earthquake secondary disasters.
Historical earthquakes were one of main dynamic factors for river sediment yield in Chuanjiang catchment,and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 will further affect its soil erosion,and the trend of river sediment and fluvial processes.Wenchuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in Longmen Mountain area as recorded in the historic documents.The earthquake has changed erosion condition and resources of sediment owing to abundant incompact mass induced dilapidations,landslips,debris flows and barrier lakes.The earthquake has damaged erosion control instructures developed in recent 20 years,and cause more serious erosion.Advances of relative science and technology studies were summarized,which included the relationships between earthquake and catchment sediment yield;sediment amount of rivers in earthquake area;Effects of earthquake to fluvial processes of Chuanjiang water system;River restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes.It was suggested that further studies are especially required,including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering,geo-science,and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river restoration after earthquake secondary disasters.
引文
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[20]Li Yong,Li Bing,Seffen D,et al.Provenance analysis anddra inage evolution in Late Cenozoic Chengdu Basin on East-ern Margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2006,24(13):309-320.[李勇,黎兵,Seffen D,等.青藏高原东缘晚新生代成都盆地物源分析与水系演化[J].沉积学报,2006,24(13):309-320.]
[21]Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli,et al.Surface rupturethrusting and strike slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake ofSichuan,China,2008,35(4):404-413.Journal of Cheng-du Univ.of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(4):404-413.[李勇,周荣军,董顺利,等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲走滑作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):404-413.]
[22]Densmore AL,Ellis MA,Li Yong,et al.Active tectonicsof the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin ofthe Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,80(8):113-127.
[23]王兆印.汶川地震次生山地灾害与河床演变的关系[R].地震次生山地灾害及其减灾技术专题研讨会,成都,2008.
[24]The Federal Interagency Stream C Working Group.Streamcorridor restoration,principles,processes,and practice[M].National Engineering Hand Book,USA:USDA-Natu-ral Resources Conservation Service,1999.
[25]Wang Zhaoyin,Tian Shimin,Yi Yujun.On direction of riv-er restoration[J].Water Resources of China,2008,13:1-3.[王兆印,田世民,易雨君.论河流治理的方向[J].中国水利,2008,13:1-3.]
[26]董哲仁.生态水工学探索[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[27]董哲仁.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[28]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.River dynam-ics and hydraulics on development and protection in moun-tain rivers[R].江河治理与开发国际学术研讨会,天津,2008.
[29]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Mechanismand assessment factors for flash floods induced by earth-quakes[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationali-ties:Natural Science Edition,2008,34(6):1077-1082.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震诱发山洪形成机理与评估指标初探[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1077-1082.]
[30]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Modeling onflash flood disaster induced by bed load[J].Transactions ofTianjin University,Springer,NJ,USA,2008,14(4):296-299.
[2]Zhou Kuiyi,Shu Ke,Jia Zhenwen,et al.Study on the sec-ondary flood disasters caused by strong earthquakes since the14th century in China[J].Journal of Disaster,1992,1(3):83-91.[周魁一,苏克,贾振文,等.十四世纪以来我国地震次生水灾的研究[J].自然灾害学报,1992,1(3):83-91.]
[3]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-haz-ards in Wenchuan Earthquake area and counter measures fordisaster reduction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy ofSciences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[4]Wang Fawu.Landslide disasters triggered by“5.12”Wen-chuan Earthquake:Consideration from geology,geomorphol-ogy,earthquake and land use[R].[汪发武.“5.12”汶川地震引起分流的滑坡灾害:有关地质、地貌、地震和土地使用的思考[R].地震次生灾害及其减灾技术专题研讨会,成都.2008.]
[5]四川省“5.12”特大地震灾后恢复重建地质灾害防治专项规划编写组.四川省“5.12”特大地震灾后恢复重建地质灾害防治专项规划[R].2008.
[6]四川省水土保持局.四川省“5.12”汶川特大地震水土保持设施震损调查评估报告[R].2008.
[7]Li Changzhi Liu Xingnian,Cao Shuyou,et al.Resources andenvironment in the Yangtze basin[J].Resources and Envi-ronment in the Yangtze Basin,2002,2:117-122.[李昌志,刘兴年,曹叔尤,等.四川水力资源开发和长江上游水土保持的思考[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,2:117-122.]
[8]长江水利委员会水文局.三峡水库上游来水来沙变化分析研究[C]//国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室泥沙专家组、中国长江三峡工程开发总公司三峡工程泥沙专家组.长江三峡工程泥沙问题研究(2001-2005,第1卷).北京:知识产权出版社,2008:83-164.
[9]Xu Quanxi,Shi Guoyu,Chen Zefang,et al.Analysis of re-cent changing characteristics and tendency runof and sedi-ment transport in the upper reach of Yangtze River[J].2004,15(4):421-426.[许全喜,石国钰,陈泽方,等.长江上游近期水沙变化特点及其趋势分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(4):421-426.]
[10]张海燕.河流演变工程学[M].方铎,曹叔尤,刘兴年,等,译.北京:科学出版社,1989:3-5.
[11]曹叔尤,刘兴年.山区河流泥沙运动[C]//王光谦,胡春宏.泥沙研究进展.中国水利水电出版社,2006:416-445.
[12]Einsele G,Ratschbacher L,Wetzel A.The himalaya-ben-galfan denudation-accumulation system during the past 20Ma[J].Journalof Geology,1996,104:163-184.
[13]Zhao Cheng.River capture and origin of the Yangtze Gor-ges[J].Journal of Changchun Univ.of Earth Science,1996,26(4):428-433.[赵诚.长江三峡河流袭夺与河流起源[J].长春地质学院学报,1996,26(4),428-433.]
[14]Yang Dayuan.The origin and evolution of the Three Gorgesof the Changjiang Yangtze River[J].1988,24(3):466-474.[杨达源.长江三峡的起源与演变[J].南京大学学报,1988,24(3):466-474.]
[15]Zhang Yechun,Li Jijun,Zhu Junjie,et al.Studies on de-velopment of Jinshajiang River during late cenozoic[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1998,10(12):44-48.[张叶春,李吉军,朱俊杰,等.晚新生代金沙江形成时代与过程研究[J].云南地理环境研究,1998,10(12):44-48.]
[16]Zhang Yechun.Formation of the Yangtze Gorges and itsSinificace[J].Journal of Northwest Univ:Natural Science,1995,31(2):52-561.[张叶春.长江三峡贯通的时代与意义[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1995,31(2):52-561.]
[17]Yang Dayuan,Li Xusheng.Study on the Eastward flow ofthe Jinsha River[J].Journal of Nanjing Univ:Natural Sci-ences,2001,37(3):317-332.[杨达源,李徐生.金沙江东流的研究[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,2001,37(3):317-332.]
[18]Li Yong,Cao Shuyou,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Late Cenozo-ic Minjiang incision rate and its constraint on the uplift ofthe Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Goe-logica Sinica,2005,79(1):28-37.[李勇,曹叔尤,周荣军,等.晚新生代岷江下蚀速率及其对青藏高原东缘山脉隆升机制和形成时限的定量约束[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):28-37.]
[19]Li Yong,Cao Shuyou,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Field studiesof late Cenozoic Minjiang River incision rate and its con-straint on morphology of the eastern margin of the Tibetanplateau,in Environmental Hydraulics and Water manage-ment[M].Lee,Lam(eds),Taylor&Francis Group,Lon-don,2005:2091-2097.
[20]Li Yong,Li Bing,Seffen D,et al.Provenance analysis anddra inage evolution in Late Cenozoic Chengdu Basin on East-ern Margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,2006,24(13):309-320.[李勇,黎兵,Seffen D,等.青藏高原东缘晚新生代成都盆地物源分析与水系演化[J].沉积学报,2006,24(13):309-320.]
[21]Li Yong,Zhou Rongjun,Dong Shunli,et al.Surface rupturethrusting and strike slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake ofSichuan,China,2008,35(4):404-413.Journal of Cheng-du Univ.of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2008,35(4):404-413.[李勇,周荣军,董顺利,等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲走滑作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):404-413.]
[22]Densmore AL,Ellis MA,Li Yong,et al.Active tectonicsof the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin ofthe Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,80(8):113-127.
[23]王兆印.汶川地震次生山地灾害与河床演变的关系[R].地震次生山地灾害及其减灾技术专题研讨会,成都,2008.
[24]The Federal Interagency Stream C Working Group.Streamcorridor restoration,principles,processes,and practice[M].National Engineering Hand Book,USA:USDA-Natu-ral Resources Conservation Service,1999.
[25]Wang Zhaoyin,Tian Shimin,Yi Yujun.On direction of riv-er restoration[J].Water Resources of China,2008,13:1-3.[王兆印,田世民,易雨君.论河流治理的方向[J].中国水利,2008,13:1-3.]
[26]董哲仁.生态水工学探索[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[27]董哲仁.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[28]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.River dynam-ics and hydraulics on development and protection in moun-tain rivers[R].江河治理与开发国际学术研讨会,天津,2008.
[29]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Mechanismand assessment factors for flash floods induced by earth-quakes[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationali-ties:Natural Science Edition,2008,34(6):1077-1082.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震诱发山洪形成机理与评估指标初探[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1077-1082.]
[30]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Modeling onflash flood disaster induced by bed load[J].Transactions ofTianjin University,Springer,NJ,USA,2008,14(4):296-299.
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