昆仑8.1级地震同震形变特征及其对响应地震活动的制约机制
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摘要
本文定义"响应地震"的概念统一表述昆仑山口西8.1级地震所引发的主破裂两侧临近构造及部分块体边界上的显著地震活动.其主体活动区域集中在昆仑地震主破裂的西南侧和东北侧及祁连山断裂.同时,地壳运动在主破裂北侧的甘青块体中西部出现与背景运动场反向的特征性变化,祁连山断裂出现应变弱化.弹性位移-应力阶跃模型模拟结果显示,昆仑地震造成其东北侧甘青块体中西部地壳运动的反向运动(相对背景场).并形成东北部和西南部两个体应变张性区域,绝大部分响应地震都发生在应变张性区中和块体张性边界上.这种强烈挤压剪切背景中出现的相对松弛状态与昆仑地震后青藏块体地震弱活动背景中出现的显著活跃的响应地震活动的正相关性可能反映了断层约束状态的相对减弱对滑动的触发作用.说明在考虑地震发生条件时,不能只着眼于应力场是否增强,断层摩擦强度,或更广义地说,构造约束条件的变化也是一个不容忽视的重要因素.
The Kunlun M_s8.1 earthquake placed a premium on distinct response earthquakes along raptures near the main fracture and boundary of the block.The main regions are located in northeast and westsouth side of the Kunlun fault and Qilianshan fault.Meanwhile,there is a relative reverse motion of crust relative to background crust movement,and is relaxe change of compression on the Qilian rupture.The simulation result of elastic displacementstress jump model shows that there is reverse movement of crust relative to background in the mid-west area of the Ganqing block which sits at northeast side of Kunlun rupture by the Kunlun event,where two regions of dilation were produced.Most of response earthquakes occurred in the dilation inner-area of block and dilation boundary of block. One side is this positive pertinence,between relative relaxation change of strain in strong compression-shear background and active regional reponse earthquakes happened in whole weakening seismicity of Tibet plateau,which may suggests the triggering action due to weakening restriction on faults.It suggests that,when considering the reasons of crack's happening, not only the stress level, but also the friction state, or restriction condiction on the fault is an important factor,too.
The Kunlun M_s8.1 earthquake placed a premium on distinct response earthquakes along raptures near the main fracture and boundary of the block.The main regions are located in northeast and westsouth side of the Kunlun fault and Qilianshan fault.Meanwhile,there is a relative reverse motion of crust relative to background crust movement,and is relaxe change of compression on the Qilian rupture.The simulation result of elastic displacementstress jump model shows that there is reverse movement of crust relative to background in the mid-west area of the Ganqing block which sits at northeast side of Kunlun rupture by the Kunlun event,where two regions of dilation were produced.Most of response earthquakes occurred in the dilation inner-area of block and dilation boundary of block. One side is this positive pertinence,between relative relaxation change of strain in strong compression-shear background and active regional reponse earthquakes happened in whole weakening seismicity of Tibet plateau,which may suggests the triggering action due to weakening restriction on faults.It suggests that,when considering the reasons of crack's happening, not only the stress level, but also the friction state, or restriction condiction on the fault is an important factor,too.
引文
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[12] 郝平,傅征祥,田勤俭,等.昆仑山口西8． 1级地震强余震库仑破裂应力触发研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(1) :30～37． Hao P,Fu Z X,Tian Q J,et al.Large aftershocks triggering by coulomb failure stress following the 2001 Ms=8． 1 great kunlun earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,30(1) :30～37．
[13] 陈兵,王庆良,张四新,等.青藏块体北部近期构造形变特征与玉门5． 9级地震[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(2) :23～28． Chen B,Wang Q L,Zhang S X,et al.Recent tectonic movement Characteristics of northern part of Qinghai-Tibet block and Yumen earthquake(Ms5． 9) [J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2003,23(2) :23 ～ 28．
[14] 陈兵,张晓亮,王庆良,等.地壳应变主体单元模型及其与中强地震关系研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(1) :52～59． Chen B,Zhang X L,Wang Q L,et al.Study of main body element model of crustal strain and its relationship with moderately strong earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1) :52～59．
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[16] 陈兵,江在森,赵振才.中国西部断层形变趋势异常特征与地震活动关系研究[J].中国地震,2000,16(1) :77～85． Chen B,Jiang Z S,Zhao Z C.Study the relationship between earthquake and trend abnormal of fault deformation of west China[J].China seismology,2000,16(1) :77～ 85．
[17] 张培震,王琪.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形-速度场与活动地块[A].青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学[C].北京:地震出版社,2001,21～35． Zhang P Z,Wang Q.Present-day crustal movement and tectonic deformation in continental China GPS velocity field and active tectonic blocks[A].Study on the recent deformation and dynamics of the lithosphere of Qinghai-Xizang plateau[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2001,21～35．
[18] 崔笃信,王庆良,王文萍.青藏块体东北缘地壳水平运动状态[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3) :29～34． Cui D X,Wang Q L,Wang W P.Crustal horizontal movement state of nor Theastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3) :29 ～ 34．
[19] Fred F P.Coseismic deformation from earthquake faulting on alayered spherical earth[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1996,125:1～14．
[20] 陈杰,陈宇坤,丁国瑜,等.2001年昆仑山口西8． 1级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6) :629～639． Chen J,Chen Y K,Ding G Y,et al.Surface rupture zones of the 2001 earthouake Ms8． 1 west of kunlun pass,northern Qinghai Xizang plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(6) :629～639．
[21] Kikuchi L A.Teleseismic Analysis of the 2001 Kunlun Earthquake and the Comparison with Field Observation[A].2002,AGU Fail Meeting 2002[C].Abstract S72E-07．
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