地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌反应的试验研究与数值仿真
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摘要
制作一个1/4钢筋混凝土框架模型结构,进行模拟地震作用下结构倒塌的振动台试验。试验结果表明,由于现浇楼板的加强作用结构呈弱柱型的倒塌模式,倒塌过程中构件间的碰撞作用非常明显。基于离散单元方法,将结构离散为板单元和柱单元组成的板-柱体系或由梁单元、节点单元和柱单元组成的梁-柱-节点体系。在单元连接界面处构建由混凝土弹簧和钢筋弹簧组成的能反映构件空间受力性能的三维拉压弹簧组,引入任意加载路径下混凝土弹簧和钢筋弹簧单轴本构关系。采用动态松弛法求解结构的反应。借助于C++语言、MFC类库和OpenGL三维图形库,开发出钢筋混凝土框架结构空间倒塌反应数值仿真系统。用素混凝土柱的变形分析及结构模型试验结果验证数值仿真系统的适用性和准确性。
A shaking table test for a 1∶ 4 scaled model structure of reinforced concrete(RC) frame was implemented to simulate the structural collapse under strong earthquakes.The test results showed that the model structure was in weak column collapse mode due to the enhancement of the cast-in-situ floor slabs,and the impact between components in the collapse process was obvious.Based on discrete element method,a new 3-D tension-compression spring group composed of concrete springs and steel bar springs was developed to reflect the spatial mechanical behavior of structural members.By discretizating a structure into beam elements,joint elements and column elements or into column elements and slab elements,constructing concrete springs and steel-bar springs on the interfaces between the elements to represent the tensile,compressive,bending actions between the elements,and defining the constitutive relationships with failure criterion for the springs,a discrete element method based numerical model was established for the collapse analysis of spatial RC frame structures.A computer code was developed,using C+ +,Microsoft Foundation Class library(MFC),and OpenGL 3D graphic library.Deformation analysis of plain concrete columns and collapse analysis of the test model structure show that the simulation results have good match with the finite element method solutions and data from the shaking table test.
A shaking table test for a 1∶ 4 scaled model structure of reinforced concrete(RC) frame was implemented to simulate the structural collapse under strong earthquakes.The test results showed that the model structure was in weak column collapse mode due to the enhancement of the cast-in-situ floor slabs,and the impact between components in the collapse process was obvious.Based on discrete element method,a new 3-D tension-compression spring group composed of concrete springs and steel bar springs was developed to reflect the spatial mechanical behavior of structural members.By discretizating a structure into beam elements,joint elements and column elements or into column elements and slab elements,constructing concrete springs and steel-bar springs on the interfaces between the elements to represent the tensile,compressive,bending actions between the elements,and defining the constitutive relationships with failure criterion for the springs,a discrete element method based numerical model was established for the collapse analysis of spatial RC frame structures.A computer code was developed,using C+ +,Microsoft Foundation Class library(MFC),and OpenGL 3D graphic library.Deformation analysis of plain concrete columns and collapse analysis of the test model structure show that the simulation results have good match with the finite element method solutions and data from the shaking table test.
引文
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[16]Gu X L,Wu Z C,Chen T.Earthquake response analysisof reinforced concrete column using damage model[C]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on InspectionAppraisal,Repairs&Maintenance of Structures.Singapore,2003
[17]Wang M L,Shah S P.Reinforced concrete hysteresismodel based on the damage concept[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1987,15(8):993-1003
[18]Chung Y S,Meyer C,Shinozuka M.Modeling of concretedamage[J].ACI Structural Journal,1989,86(3):259-271
[19]顾祥林,黄庆华,吴周偲.钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载-位移关系分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4):68-74(Gu Xianglin,Huang Qinghua,WuZhoucai.Analysis of load-displacement relationship for RCcolumns under reversed load considering accumulativedamage[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2006,26(4):68-74(in Chinese))
[20]Cundall P A.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinctelement model—Part I:A scheme to detect and representcontacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1988,25(3):107-116
[2]Lorig L J,Cundall P A.Modeling of reinforced concreteusing the distinct element method[C]//Proceedings of theFracture of Concrete and Rock.Houston,Texas,1987:459-471
[3]Hakuno M,Meguro K.Simulation of concrete-frame collapsedue to dynamic loading[J].Journal of EngineeringMechanics,1993,119(9):1709-1723
[4]Hakuno M.Simulation of 3-D concrete-frame collapse dueto dynamic loading[C]//Proceedings of 11th WCEE.Acapulco,Mexico,1996
[5]Sun L M,Zhou C,Qin D,et al.Application of extendeddistinct element method with lattice model to collapseanalysis of RC bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2003,32(8):1217-1236
[6]Rios R D,Riera J D.Size effects in the analysis of reinforcedconcrete structures[J].Engineering Structures,2004,26(8):1115-1125
[7]Tagel-Din H,Meguro K.Analysis of a small scale RCbuilding subjected to shaking table test using appliedelement method[C]//Proceedings of 12th WCEE.Acapulco,Mexico,2000
[8]Elkholy S,Meguro K.Numerical simulation of high-risesteel buildings using improved applied element method[C]//Proceedings of 13th WCEE.Vancouver,Canada,2004
[9]Utagawa N,Kondo I,Yoshida N,et al.Simulation ofdemolition of reinforeced concrete buildings by controlledexplosion[J].Computer-Aided Civil and InfrastructureEngineering,1992,7(2):151-159
[10]Gu X L,Li C.Computer simulation for reinforced concretestructures demolished by controlled explosion[C]//Computing in Civil and Building Engineering.New York:ASCE,2000:82-89
[11]宣纲,顾祥林,吕西林.强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):24-30(Xuan Gang,Gu Xianglin,Lu Xilin.Numerical analysis of collapse process for RC framestructures subjected to strong earthquakes[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):24-30(in Chinese))
[12]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010(GB50011—2010Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010(in Chinese))
[13]苏幼坡,张玉敏,王绍杰,等.从汶川地震看提高建筑结构抗倒塌能力的必要性和可行性[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):25-32(Su Youpo,Zhang Yumin,WangShaojie,et al.The necessity and feasibility of enhancingseismic design of structures based on the WenchuanEarthquake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(5):25-32(in Chinese))
[14]Li K N.Nonlinear earthquake response of R/C space framewith triaxial interaction[C]//Proceedings of 10th WCEE.Madrid,Spain,1992:4189-4194
[15]Roufaiel M S L,Meyer C.Analytical Modeling of HystereticBehavior of R/C Frames[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,1987,113(3):429-444
[16]Gu X L,Wu Z C,Chen T.Earthquake response analysisof reinforced concrete column using damage model[C]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on InspectionAppraisal,Repairs&Maintenance of Structures.Singapore,2003
[17]Wang M L,Shah S P.Reinforced concrete hysteresismodel based on the damage concept[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1987,15(8):993-1003
[18]Chung Y S,Meyer C,Shinozuka M.Modeling of concretedamage[J].ACI Structural Journal,1989,86(3):259-271
[19]顾祥林,黄庆华,吴周偲.钢筋混凝土柱考虑损伤累积的反复荷载-位移关系分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(4):68-74(Gu Xianglin,Huang Qinghua,WuZhoucai.Analysis of load-displacement relationship for RCcolumns under reversed load considering accumulativedamage[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2006,26(4):68-74(in Chinese))
[20]Cundall P A.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinctelement model—Part I:A scheme to detect and representcontacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1988,25(3):107-116
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