时频分析方法对比及S变换在地震数据处理中的应用
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摘要
时频分析是完整刻画地震资料在时间和频率轴上能量强度分布的主要手段。该方法因能同时展示平稳信号和非平稳信号在时间域和频率域的演变过程,提供信号的局部特征,所以在地震资料处理中得到了广泛应用。针对目前地震常用的一些时频分析方法,分析对比了常用的短时傅里叶变换、小波变换和S变换的特点。通过对比分析和试验,明确了利用S变换相对于其他2种方法在时频分析领域的优点,论述了S变换时频谱在地震资料处理中的应用优势。实际应用效果表明,基于广义S变换的吸收衰减补偿技术可通过分析结果在地震资料处理中进行能量补偿,可以有效地补偿衰减的振幅和高频成分,为提高地震资料的分辨率奠定了基础。
The time-frequency analysis is the main description method to characterize the seismic data energy intensity that is distributed in time and frequency domain. Because the method can show evolution process of stable and non-stable signal in time and frequency domain simultaneously, and can provide local feature of the signal, it has been applied in seismic data processing widely. In view of some common time-frequency analysis methods, the specific features of short time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and S transform are compared. Time-frequency analysis with S transform has apparent advantages in seismic data processing. It is exhibited by the field application that the compensation technique based on the S transform may compensate the energy in the data processing by means of result analysis, that is, the compensation on depleted amplitude and high frequency. It has provided the base for the improvement of seismic ratio of signal to noise.
The time-frequency analysis is the main description method to characterize the seismic data energy intensity that is distributed in time and frequency domain. Because the method can show evolution process of stable and non-stable signal in time and frequency domain simultaneously, and can provide local feature of the signal, it has been applied in seismic data processing widely. In view of some common time-frequency analysis methods, the specific features of short time Fourier transform, wavelet transform and S transform are compared. Time-frequency analysis with S transform has apparent advantages in seismic data processing. It is exhibited by the field application that the compensation technique based on the S transform may compensate the energy in the data processing by means of result analysis, that is, the compensation on depleted amplitude and high frequency. It has provided the base for the improvement of seismic ratio of signal to noise.
引文
[1]Qian S,Chen N.Joint time-frequency analysis[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,1999,16(2):52-67.
[2]于海铖,周小平.模型子波处理技术在消除地震相位差异中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(4):33-34,42.
[3]Cohen I.Time-frequency analysis:theory and application[M].Eaglewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1995:25-27.
[4]Stoekwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complexspectrum:the S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Pro-cessing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[5]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.
[6]刘喜武,年静波,刘洪,等.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减补偿方法[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):9-14.
[7]Pinnegar C R,Eaton D W.Application of S-transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B9):1-10.
[8]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995:485-487.
[9]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.广义S变换及其时频滤波[J].信号处理,2008,24(1):28-31.
[10]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换及在地震信号处理中的应用[J].数据采集与处理,2005,12(20):449-453.
[11]白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):642-648.
[12]李鲲鹏,张学工,李衍达.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):542-549.
[2]于海铖,周小平.模型子波处理技术在消除地震相位差异中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(4):33-34,42.
[3]Cohen I.Time-frequency analysis:theory and application[M].Eaglewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall,1995:25-27.
[4]Stoekwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complexspectrum:the S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Pro-cessing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[5]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.
[6]刘喜武,年静波,刘洪,等.基于广义S变换的吸收衰减补偿方法[J].石油物探,2006,45(1):9-14.
[7]Pinnegar C R,Eaton D W.Application of S-transform to prestack noise attenuation filtering[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(B9):1-10.
[8]张贤达.现代信号处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995:485-487.
[9]陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.广义S变换及其时频滤波[J].信号处理,2008,24(1):28-31.
[10]陈学华,贺振华.改进的S变换及在地震信号处理中的应用[J].数据采集与处理,2005,12(20):449-453.
[11]白桦,李鲲鹏.基于时频分析的地层吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):642-648.
[12]李鲲鹏,张学工,李衍达.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):542-549.
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