爆破模拟地震动条件下黄土场地震陷研究
|
摘要
通过现场爆破试验,对地震动诱发条件下黄土场地震陷的监测结果进行模拟,分析爆破模拟地震动导致的黄土场地震陷的分布、发展特征及其影响因素。监测期间,试坑内黄土震陷量最大值达33 mm,试坑周围场地黄土震陷量最大值为26 mm。受地貌因素等制约,试验场地的黄土震陷具有自南向北逐渐衰减的特征。研究结果表明,微差爆破后,试验场地震陷量即接近监测完结时黄土震陷量的50%。这说明,爆破模拟地震动能使黄土场地发生震陷,黄土震陷在爆破能量传播时会快速累积,而在爆破之后,场地土体还将经历一个相对缓慢的沉降过程。该试验对地震动作用下黄土场地震陷基本特征的研究和对室内试验与现场监测获得的震陷性之间差异的理解具有一定的指导意义;同时也可丰富经验性爆破地震动强度设计的理论。
Based on in-situ monitoring data of seismic subsidence of loess induced by a short delay blasting,the distribution and development of seismic subsidence and their influencing factors in a loess site are studied.The observation results show that,during the whole experiment,the maximum seismic subsidence of loess in the test site reaches 33 mm while the maximum subsidence around the site attains to 26 mm.The both maximum values of subsidence are found at the south of the test field,which depend on the landform of this loess field,but seismic subsidence of loess decreases from the south to the north.On the other hand,the results indicate that after immediate explosion,the seismic subsidence of loess developed almost 50 percent of the maximum value of final loess subsidencei,.e.during the blasting processs,eismic subsidence developed rapidly with the energy dissipation of explosives and then the increase of loess settlement in the field becomes slow and slow.According to the above-mentioned outcomes,it is believed that seismic subsidence could be induced in a loess site if there is a designed explosion with enough intensity occurring;and this in-situ test results could be an indirect example of loess seismic subsidence caused by an earthquake event in loess sites.These efforts make for a further understanding on the differences of loess seismic subsidence between laboratory and in-situ test results,and provide a basis for an empirical intensity design of explosive ground motion in practical engineering.
Based on in-situ monitoring data of seismic subsidence of loess induced by a short delay blasting,the distribution and development of seismic subsidence and their influencing factors in a loess site are studied.The observation results show that,during the whole experiment,the maximum seismic subsidence of loess in the test site reaches 33 mm while the maximum subsidence around the site attains to 26 mm.The both maximum values of subsidence are found at the south of the test field,which depend on the landform of this loess field,but seismic subsidence of loess decreases from the south to the north.On the other hand,the results indicate that after immediate explosion,the seismic subsidence of loess developed almost 50 percent of the maximum value of final loess subsidencei,.e.during the blasting processs,eismic subsidence developed rapidly with the energy dissipation of explosives and then the increase of loess settlement in the field becomes slow and slow.According to the above-mentioned outcomes,it is believed that seismic subsidence could be induced in a loess site if there is a designed explosion with enough intensity occurring;and this in-situ test results could be an indirect example of loess seismic subsidence caused by an earthquake event in loess sites.These efforts make for a further understanding on the differences of loess seismic subsidence between laboratory and in-situ test results,and provide a basis for an empirical intensity design of explosive ground motion in practical engineering.
引文
[1]高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学,1980,23(12):1 203–1 208.(GAO Guorui.Microstructure and collapsibility of loess in China[J].Science in China,1980,23(12):1 203–1 208.(in Chinese))
[2]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(LEI Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility of loess in China[J].Science in China(Series B),1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(in Chinese))
[3]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(ZHANG Zhenzhong.Prediction of seismic hazard of loess[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[4]徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(XU Zhangjian,LIN Zaiguan,ZHANG Maosheng.Loess in China and loess landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(in Chinese))
[5]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.(LIU Dongsheng.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[6]汪国烈,明文山.湿陷性黄土的浸水、变形规律与工程对策——兼谈我国对湿陷性黄土认识的深化过程[C]//罗宇生,汪国烈编.湿陷性黄土研究与工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:21–32.(WANG Guolie,MING Wenshan.Water immerging,deformation and engineering techniques of collapsible loess[C]//LUO Yusheng,WANG Guolie ed.Engineering and Research on Collapsible Loess.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001:21–32.(in Chinese))
[7]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.(WANG Lanmin,SHI Yucheng,LIU Xu,et al.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[8]张振中,段汝文.黄土震陷研究与震害[J].西北地震学报,1987,9(增):63–69.(ZHANG Zhenzhong,DUAN Ruwen.Study on seismic subsidence and seismic hazards of loess[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1987,9(Supp.):63–69.(in Chinese))
[9]谢定义,齐吉琳,张振中.考虑土结构性的本构关系[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):35–41.(XIE Dingyi,QI Jilin,ZHANG Zhenzhong.A constitutive laws considering soil structure properties[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(4):35–41.(in Chinese))
[10]王兰民,刘红玫,李兰,等.饱和黄土液化机制与特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89–94.(WANG Lanmin,LIU Hongmei,LI Lan,et al.Laboratory study on mechanism and behaviors of saturated loess liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):89–94.(in Chinese))
[11]王兰民,邓津,黄嫒.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 025–3 031.(WANG Lanmin,DENG Jin,HUANG Yuan.Quantitative analysis of microstructure of loess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 025–3 031.(in Chinese))
[12]ZHANG Z Z,ZHANG D L,LIU H M.Comprehensive study on seismic subsidence of loess under earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(1):36–41,46.
[13]张冬丽,王兰民,王玉华.有限元分析方法在黄土地基震陷预测中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2002,24(3):208–214.(ZHANG Dongli,WANG Lanmin,WANG Yuhua.Application of FEM to prediction of seismic subsidence of loess ground[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2002,24(3):208–214.(in Chinese))
[14]张冬丽,王兰民.1995年永登地震山体变形计算机模拟与机制分析[C]//罗宇生,汪国烈编.湿陷性黄土研究与工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:556–561.(ZHANG Dongli,WANG Lanmin.An analysis of mechanism of mountain deformation induced by Yongdeng earthquake in 1995 with FEM[C]//LUO Yusheng,WANG Guolie ed.Engineering and Research on Collapsible Loess.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001:556–561.(in Chinese))
[15]王俊,王兰民,李兰.永登5.8级地震中黄土震陷灾害的探讨[J].地震研究,2005,28(4):393–397.(WANG Jun,WANG Lanmin,LI Lan.Discussion on loess subsidence disaster caused by Yongdeng earthquake with magnitude 5.8[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2005,28(4):393–397.(in Chinese))
[2]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(LEI Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility of loess in China[J].Science in China(Series B),1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(in Chinese))
[3]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.(ZHANG Zhenzhong.Prediction of seismic hazard of loess[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[4]徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(XU Zhangjian,LIN Zaiguan,ZHANG Maosheng.Loess in China and loess landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(in Chinese))
[5]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.(LIU Dongsheng.Loess and environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985.(in Chinese))
[6]汪国烈,明文山.湿陷性黄土的浸水、变形规律与工程对策——兼谈我国对湿陷性黄土认识的深化过程[C]//罗宇生,汪国烈编.湿陷性黄土研究与工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:21–32.(WANG Guolie,MING Wenshan.Water immerging,deformation and engineering techniques of collapsible loess[C]//LUO Yusheng,WANG Guolie ed.Engineering and Research on Collapsible Loess.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001:21–32.(in Chinese))
[7]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.(WANG Lanmin,SHI Yucheng,LIU Xu,et al.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[8]张振中,段汝文.黄土震陷研究与震害[J].西北地震学报,1987,9(增):63–69.(ZHANG Zhenzhong,DUAN Ruwen.Study on seismic subsidence and seismic hazards of loess[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1987,9(Supp.):63–69.(in Chinese))
[9]谢定义,齐吉琳,张振中.考虑土结构性的本构关系[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):35–41.(XIE Dingyi,QI Jilin,ZHANG Zhenzhong.A constitutive laws considering soil structure properties[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(4):35–41.(in Chinese))
[10]王兰民,刘红玫,李兰,等.饱和黄土液化机制与特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89–94.(WANG Lanmin,LIU Hongmei,LI Lan,et al.Laboratory study on mechanism and behaviors of saturated loess liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):89–94.(in Chinese))
[11]王兰民,邓津,黄嫒.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3 025–3 031.(WANG Lanmin,DENG Jin,HUANG Yuan.Quantitative analysis of microstructure of loess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 025–3 031.(in Chinese))
[12]ZHANG Z Z,ZHANG D L,LIU H M.Comprehensive study on seismic subsidence of loess under earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(1):36–41,46.
[13]张冬丽,王兰民,王玉华.有限元分析方法在黄土地基震陷预测中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2002,24(3):208–214.(ZHANG Dongli,WANG Lanmin,WANG Yuhua.Application of FEM to prediction of seismic subsidence of loess ground[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2002,24(3):208–214.(in Chinese))
[14]张冬丽,王兰民.1995年永登地震山体变形计算机模拟与机制分析[C]//罗宇生,汪国烈编.湿陷性黄土研究与工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001:556–561.(ZHANG Dongli,WANG Lanmin.An analysis of mechanism of mountain deformation induced by Yongdeng earthquake in 1995 with FEM[C]//LUO Yusheng,WANG Guolie ed.Engineering and Research on Collapsible Loess.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001:556–561.(in Chinese))
[15]王俊,王兰民,李兰.永登5.8级地震中黄土震陷灾害的探讨[J].地震研究,2005,28(4):393–397.(WANG Jun,WANG Lanmin,LI Lan.Discussion on loess subsidence disaster caused by Yongdeng earthquake with magnitude 5.8[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2005,28(4):393–397.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心