页岩气地震识别与预测技术
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摘要
依据页岩气的地质特点及当前地震勘查技术的水平,指出地震在识别和追踪页岩储层空间分布(包括埋深、厚度以及构造形态)方面具有明显的优势;综合利用测井及地质资料,对页岩储层有机质丰度、含气性等参数进行解释及优选敏感的地球物理参数,进而建立储层特征与地震响应的关系,以此反演预测页岩气储层有利区;运用相干与曲率等属性分析技术、宽方位甚至全方位地震各向异性分析技术、叠前反演技术、横波分裂技术等,可解决储层裂缝和岩石力学特征问题,直接为钻井和压裂工程技术服务;与压裂技术配套发展的微地震监测技术,可实时提供压裂过程中产生的裂缝位置、方位、大小以及复杂程度,并对储层改造方案的有效性作出准确评价。
According to shale gas geological characteristics and present seismic prospecting technical level,pointed out the evident advantages of seismic prospecting on identification and tracing shale reservoir spatial distribution(including buried depth,thickness and structural form).Integrated utilization of logging data and geological information carry out parameter interpretation of shale reservoir organic matter abundance,gas-bearing property and optimization of sensitive geophysical parameters,and proceed to establish relationship between reservoir characters and seismic responses,on this account to invert prediction of shale gas reservoir favorable areas.Using coherent and curvature attributive analyses,wide even full azimuth seismic anisotropic analyses,prestack inversion,shear wave splitting techniques can resolve reservoir fissure and rock mechanical characteristic issues,directly serve the drilling and fracturing engineering techniques.The adaptation of fracturing technique and microseismic monitoring technique can provide fissure location,direction,size and complicity during fracturing process in real time,and accurately evaluate the effectiveness of reservoir modification scheme.
According to shale gas geological characteristics and present seismic prospecting technical level,pointed out the evident advantages of seismic prospecting on identification and tracing shale reservoir spatial distribution(including buried depth,thickness and structural form).Integrated utilization of logging data and geological information carry out parameter interpretation of shale reservoir organic matter abundance,gas-bearing property and optimization of sensitive geophysical parameters,and proceed to establish relationship between reservoir characters and seismic responses,on this account to invert prediction of shale gas reservoir favorable areas.Using coherent and curvature attributive analyses,wide even full azimuth seismic anisotropic analyses,prestack inversion,shear wave splitting techniques can resolve reservoir fissure and rock mechanical characteristic issues,directly serve the drilling and fracturing engineering techniques.The adaptation of fracturing technique and microseismic monitoring technique can provide fissure location,direction,size and complicity during fracturing process in real time,and accurately evaluate the effectiveness of reservoir modification scheme.
引文
[1]蒋裕强,董大忠,漆麟,等.页岩气储层的基本特征及其评价[J].天然气工业,2010,30(10):7-12.
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[3]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.北美地区页岩气勘探开发新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
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[9]田国华,颜洪鸣.浙江页岩气等非常规天然气勘查思考[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,(9).
[10]YAPING ZHU,ENRU LIU,ALEX MARTINEZ,et al.Understanding geophysical responses of shale-gas plays[J].TheLeading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:332-338.
[11]李志荣,邓小江,杨晓,等.四川盆地南部页岩气地震勘探新进展[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):40-43.
[12]李玉喜,乔德武,姜文利,等.页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述[J].地质通报,2011,30(2~3):308-317.
[13]崔若飞,钱进,陈同俊,等.利用地震P波确定煤层瓦斯富集带的分布[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):54-56.
[14]陈俊.AVO反演技术在页岩气勘探开发中的应用[J].内江科技,2011,(4):94.
[15]李艳玲.AVO叠前反演技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):103-105..
[16]张中平,李玲.应用叠前地震弹性波反演方法预测含气性[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):468-470.
[17]常锁亮,刘大锰,林玉成,等.频谱分解技术在煤田精细构造解释及煤含气性预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1015-1019.
[18]李曙光,程冰洁,徐天吉.页岩气储集层的地球物理特征及识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(4):351-352.
[19]轩义华,秦成岗,汪瑞良,等.分频AVO技术在珠江口盆地番禺天然气区含气性分析中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):79-84.
[20]程冰洁,徐天吉,李曙光.频变AVO含气性识别技术研究与应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(2):608-613.
[21]李新景,胡素云,程克明.北美裂缝性页岩气勘探开发的启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):392-400.
[22]龙鹏宇,张金川,唐玄,等.泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):525-531.
[23]王连刚,李俊乾.地震技术在煤层气储层研究与物性预测中的应用[J].资源与产业,2010,12(2):158-162.
[24]HELGE LOSETH,LARS WENSAAS,MARITA GADING.Deformation structures in organic-rich shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(5):729-747.
[25]JULIA F W GALE,ROBERT M REED,JON HOLDER.Naturalfractures in the Barnett Shale and their importance for hydraulicfracture treatments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
[26]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[27]杜文凤,彭苏萍.利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2901-2905.
[28]林建东,王磊.煤田三维地震资料解释中的方差体技术[J].中国煤田地质,2000,12(4):57-59.
[29]CARL H SONDERGELD,CHANDRA S RAI.Elastic anisotropy ofshales[J].The Leading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:324-330.
[30]陈同俊.P波方位AVO理论及煤层裂隙探测技术[D].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[31]刘朋波,蒲仁海,潘仁芳,等.多方位AVO技术在裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):437-442.
[32]勾精为,姚陈,于光明.用转换波检测煤层裂缝的方法探讨[J].中国煤田地质,2001,13(3):53-56.
[33]罗蓉,李青.页岩气测井评价及地震预测、监测技术探讨[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):34-39.
[34]SHAWN MAXWELL.Microseismic hydraulic fracture imaging:Thepath toward optimizing shale gas production[J].The Leading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:340-346.
[35]INDRAJIT DAS,MARK D ZOBACK.Long-period,long-durationseismic events during hydraulic fracture stimulation of a shale gasreservoir.The Leading Edge,2011,Seismic events:778-786.
[2]刘振武,撒利明,杨晓,等.页岩气勘探开发对地球物理技术的需求[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):810-818.
[3]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.北美地区页岩气勘探开发新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.
[4]《页岩气地质与勘探开发实践丛书》编委会.中国页岩气地质研究进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[5]CURTIS J B.Fractured Shale-Gas Systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[6]张金川,徐波,聂海宽,等.中国页岩气资源勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):136-140.
[7]中央政府网.全国页岩气资源潜力调查评价及有利区优选成果[EB/OL].[2012-3-2].http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2012-03/02/content_2080847.htm.
[8]刘洪林,王莉,王红岩,等.中国页岩气勘探开发适用技术探讨[J].油气井测试,2009,18(4):68-71.
[9]田国华,颜洪鸣.浙江页岩气等非常规天然气勘查思考[J].中国煤炭地质,2011,(9).
[10]YAPING ZHU,ENRU LIU,ALEX MARTINEZ,et al.Understanding geophysical responses of shale-gas plays[J].TheLeading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:332-338.
[11]李志荣,邓小江,杨晓,等.四川盆地南部页岩气地震勘探新进展[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):40-43.
[12]李玉喜,乔德武,姜文利,等.页岩气含气量和页岩气地质评价综述[J].地质通报,2011,30(2~3):308-317.
[13]崔若飞,钱进,陈同俊,等.利用地震P波确定煤层瓦斯富集带的分布[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(6):54-56.
[14]陈俊.AVO反演技术在页岩气勘探开发中的应用[J].内江科技,2011,(4):94.
[15]李艳玲.AVO叠前反演技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,25(5):103-105..
[16]张中平,李玲.应用叠前地震弹性波反演方法预测含气性[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):468-470.
[17]常锁亮,刘大锰,林玉成,等.频谱分解技术在煤田精细构造解释及煤含气性预测中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(8):1015-1019.
[18]李曙光,程冰洁,徐天吉.页岩气储集层的地球物理特征及识别方法[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(4):351-352.
[19]轩义华,秦成岗,汪瑞良,等.分频AVO技术在珠江口盆地番禺天然气区含气性分析中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):79-84.
[20]程冰洁,徐天吉,李曙光.频变AVO含气性识别技术研究与应用[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(2):608-613.
[21]李新景,胡素云,程克明.北美裂缝性页岩气勘探开发的启示[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):392-400.
[22]龙鹏宇,张金川,唐玄,等.泥页岩裂缝发育特征及其对页岩气勘探和开发的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):525-531.
[23]王连刚,李俊乾.地震技术在煤层气储层研究与物性预测中的应用[J].资源与产业,2010,12(2):158-162.
[24]HELGE LOSETH,LARS WENSAAS,MARITA GADING.Deformation structures in organic-rich shales[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(5):729-747.
[25]JULIA F W GALE,ROBERT M REED,JON HOLDER.Naturalfractures in the Barnett Shale and their importance for hydraulicfracture treatments[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):603-622.
[26]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[27]杜文凤,彭苏萍.利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2901-2905.
[28]林建东,王磊.煤田三维地震资料解释中的方差体技术[J].中国煤田地质,2000,12(4):57-59.
[29]CARL H SONDERGELD,CHANDRA S RAI.Elastic anisotropy ofshales[J].The Leading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:324-330.
[30]陈同俊.P波方位AVO理论及煤层裂隙探测技术[D].江苏徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[31]刘朋波,蒲仁海,潘仁芳,等.多方位AVO技术在裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):437-442.
[32]勾精为,姚陈,于光明.用转换波检测煤层裂缝的方法探讨[J].中国煤田地质,2001,13(3):53-56.
[33]罗蓉,李青.页岩气测井评价及地震预测、监测技术探讨[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):34-39.
[34]SHAWN MAXWELL.Microseismic hydraulic fracture imaging:Thepath toward optimizing shale gas production[J].The Leading Edge,2011,Special section:shale:340-346.
[35]INDRAJIT DAS,MARK D ZOBACK.Long-period,long-durationseismic events during hydraulic fracture stimulation of a shale gasreservoir.The Leading Edge,2011,Seismic events:778-786.
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