开发地震反演可行性研究及应用——以大庆长垣北部油田为例
摘要
为解决开发地震反演可行性和精细储层刻画的难题,提出了一种基于分频补偿的曲线重构方法。根据测井曲线不同频率尺度反映不同砂岩特征的特点,利用高频恢复、低频补偿方法重构"拟波阻抗"曲线。反演可行性分析实验表明,通过曲线重构反演、模拟退火算法引入以及密井网反演等关键技术,能够加强结果稳定性的优化,提高薄储层预测精度;同时,正演模拟和反演实践证明,在大套泥岩中含有薄砂层的地质条件下,开发地震对刻画2 m薄层砂岩是可行的。而对于小于2m以下的薄砂层,仅当泥岩围岩在2 m以上的泥包砂型薄砂层能够进行分辨。井-震联合沉积相研究主要修正了河道侧积体识别、河道连通关系、河道规模变化、河道组合关系和河道期次划分等5个方面。规模较大的分流河道含油性好,形成较好的注采不完善型剩余油;小型分流河道局部含油性好,但河道窄小,以井网控制不住型剩余油为主。
In order to make development seismic inversion and fine reservoir description feasible,we proposed a curve reconstruction method based on frequency division compensation.As logs with different frequency can reflect features of different sandstones,we reconstructed "quasi-wave impedance" curves through high frequency restoration and low frequency compensation.Inversion feasibility analysis experiments showed that result stability could be optimized and reservoir prediction accuracy could be improved through introducing curve reconstruction inversion,simulated annealing algorithm and high well-dense inversion.Meanwhile,forward modeling and inversion proved that 2 meters thin sandstone layer interbeded in thick mudstone could be recognized through development seismic inversion.But for sandstone layers with thickness less than 2 meters,they can be recognized only when interbeded within mudstone layers greater than 2 meters thick.Well-tied seismic sedimentary facies study was also carried out to refine prediction of sandbody volume on sides of channel,channel sand connectivity, channel sand scale change,channel combination and timing of channels.Large distributary channel sandbodies are high in oil potential and remaining oil is commonly caused by imperfect injection-production well pattern. Small distributary channel sandbodies locally have high oil potential,and remaining oil is commonly caused by limited control area of well patterns.
In order to make development seismic inversion and fine reservoir description feasible,we proposed a curve reconstruction method based on frequency division compensation.As logs with different frequency can reflect features of different sandstones,we reconstructed "quasi-wave impedance" curves through high frequency restoration and low frequency compensation.Inversion feasibility analysis experiments showed that result stability could be optimized and reservoir prediction accuracy could be improved through introducing curve reconstruction inversion,simulated annealing algorithm and high well-dense inversion.Meanwhile,forward modeling and inversion proved that 2 meters thin sandstone layer interbeded in thick mudstone could be recognized through development seismic inversion.But for sandstone layers with thickness less than 2 meters,they can be recognized only when interbeded within mudstone layers greater than 2 meters thick.Well-tied seismic sedimentary facies study was also carried out to refine prediction of sandbody volume on sides of channel,channel sand connectivity, channel sand scale change,channel combination and timing of channels.Large distributary channel sandbodies are high in oil potential and remaining oil is commonly caused by imperfect injection-production well pattern. Small distributary channel sandbodies locally have high oil potential,and remaining oil is commonly caused by limited control area of well patterns.
引文
[1]姚逢昌,甘利灯地震反演的应用与限制[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):53-58. Yao Fengchang,Gan Lideng.Application and restriction of seismic inversion[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2000,27(2):53-58.
[2]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4):423-438. Li Qingzhong.On strategy of seismic restricted in inversion ??[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(4):423 -438.
[3]叶泰然,付顺,吕其彪,等.多波地震联合反演预测相对优质储层——以川西深层致密碎屑砂岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(3):357-362. Ye Tairan,Fu Shun,Lii Qibiao,et al.Application of multiwave joint inversion to the prediction of relatively high quality reservoirs—an example from the prediction of deep tight clastic sandstone reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(3):357 -362.
[4]单敬福,王峰,孙海雷,等.基于地震波阻抗反演的小层砂体预测技术——在大庆油田州57水平井区块的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):212-218. Shan Jingfu,Wang Feng,Sun Hailei,et al.Prediction of sublayer sandstones based on wave impedance inversion in the wellblock of the horizontal well Zhou 57[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2010,31(2):212-218.
[5]吴媚,李维新,符力耘.基于测井曲线分频分析的地震反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):65-71. Wu Mei,Li Weixin,Fu Liyun.Seismic inversion based on logging trace frequency-shared analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(Supplement):65-71.
[6]季玉新,刘春园,陈冬,等.分频反演方法及其在塔河A区储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31 (1):38-42. Ji Yuxin,Liu Chunyuan,Cheng Dong,et al.Frequency divided inversion and its application to reservoir prediction in Block A of Tahe oilfield[J],Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31 (1):38-42.
[7]阎辉,李鲤鹏,张学工,等.测井曲线的小波变换特性在自动分层中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4): 568-573. Yan Hui,Li Lipeng,Zhang Xuegong,et al.Wavelet transform properties of well log and their application in automatic segmentation [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(4); 568-573.
[8]凌云,惠晓宇,孙德胜,等.储层叠后反演影响因素分析与地震属性解释研究[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):531- 558. Ling Yun,Hui Xiaoyu,Sun Desheng,et al.Analysis on affecting factors of post-stack inversion and seismic attribute interpretation of thin reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pecrdeum,2008,47(6):531 -558.
[9]许运新.大庆长垣北部萨零组油气层浅层气分布特征与开发利用[J].石油勘探与开发,1990,4:45-54. Xu Yunxin.Distribution of the shallow gas reservoir in the Formation "S_0" and it's development in the North of Daqing Placanticline [J].Petroleum Expoloration and Development, 1990,4:45 -54.
[10]李庆忠.岩性油气藏地震勘探若干问题的讨论(Ⅱ)——关于垂向分辨率的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):1-5. Li Qingzhong.Discussion on seismic exploration of lithologie reservoirs(Ⅱ)—Seismic vertical resolution[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(3):1 -5.
[11]邱睿,李庆忠.用砂泥岩互层模型检验垂向分辨率[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(4):677-682. Qiu Rui,Li Qing zhong.Using a sand and mud interbed model to test the vertical resolution[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005,35(4):677 -682.
[12]李庆忠.岩性油气藏地震勘探若干问题的讨论(Ⅰ)[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):1-15. Li Qingzhong.Discussion on seismic exploration of lithologic reservoirs(Ⅰ)[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):1 - 15.
[13]李庆忠.地震勘探分辨率与信噪比谱的关系——答云美厚“地震分辨力新认识”一文[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008, 43(2):244-245. Li Qingzhong.Relationship between resolution of seismic exploration and spectrum of S/N ratio[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pecroleum,2008,20(3):1-5.
[14]黄军斌,高利军,高勇,等.辫状河流相薄砂体地震子波效应和识别方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2): 225-231. Huang Junbin,Gao Lijun,Gao Yong,et al.Wavelet effect and recognition methods of thin sand bodies in braided river facies [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(2):225-231.
[15]李军,熊利平,赵为永,等.基于确定性和随机模型的薄储层岩性预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):240- 244. Li Jun,Xiong Liping,Zhao Weiyong,et al.Lithology prediction of thin reservoirs based on deterministic and stochastic models[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(2):240-244.
[16]Sams M S,Atkins D,Said N,et al.Stochastic inversion for high resolution reservoir characterisation in the Central Sumatra Basin[R].SPE57260,1999.
[17]Shanor G,Rawanchaikul M,Sams M,et al.A geostatistical invesion to flow simulation workflow example[C]// Makarem Field,Oman;63rd EAGE Conference and Technical Exhibition. Houten:EAGE,2001.
[18]段云卿,王彦春,覃天,等.储层地震反演在辽河油田大民屯凹陷的应用[J].地球科学,2007,32(4):554-558. Duan Yunqing,Wang Yanchun,Qin Tian,et al.Application of reservoir seismic inversion at Damintun Sag in Liaohe Oilfield [J].Earth Science,2007,32(4):554-558.
[19]慎国强,孟宪军,王玉梅,等.随机地震反演方法及其在埕北35井区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39 (1):75-81. ??Shen Guoqiang,Meng Xianjun,Wang Yumei,et al.Random seismic inversion and its application in Chengbei No.35well-zone [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(1):75 - 81.
[20]Sen M K,Stoffa P L.Nonlinearone-dimensional seiamic waveform inversion using simulated annealing[J].Geophysics, 1991,56(10):1624-1638.
[21]刘巧霞,田仁飞,钟宙灿.模拟退火地震参数反演研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2009,6(2):186- 188. Liu Qiaoxia,Tian Renfei,Zhong Zhoucan.Seismic parameters inversion using the simulated annealing method[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Edit),2009,6(2):186-188.
[22]黄捍东,张如伟,魏世平.地震非线性随机反演方法在陆相薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油学报,2009,30 (3):386-390. Huang Handong,Zhang Ruwei,Wei Shiping.Research on application of seismic nonlinear random inversion to reservoir prediction in the thin sandstone of continental deposits[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):386 -390.
[23]崔凤林,张向君,王世清.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画方法与应用[J].地球科学,2005,30(4): 503-508. Cui Fenglin,Zhang Xiangjun,Wang Shiqing.Meticulous depiction methodology and application of complicated structures of reciprocal thin layers in northern Songliao basin[J].Earth Science, 2005,30(4):503 -508.
[24]郑爱敏,符志国,廖娟.地震反演储层预测技术在白马庙地区的应用[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):47-49. Zheng Aimin,Fu Zhiguo,Liao Juan.The application of seismic inversion to reservoir prediction in Baimamiao Area,western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(8): 47-49.
[25]侯连华,邹才能,匡立春,等,老油气区精细勘探潜力与方法技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):108-115. Hou Lianhua,Zou Caineng,Kuang Lichun,et al.Potential and technologies of refined exploration in mature oil and gas regions [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(1):108-115.
[26]马世忠,杨清彦.曲流点坝沉积模式-三维构形及其非均质模型[J].沉积学报,2000,18(6):241-247. Ma Shizhong,Yang Qingyan.The depositional model,3-D architecture and heterogeneous model of point bar in meandering channels[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(6): 241 -247.
[2]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1998,33(4):423-438. Li Qingzhong.On strategy of seismic restricted in inversion ??[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(4):423 -438.
[3]叶泰然,付顺,吕其彪,等.多波地震联合反演预测相对优质储层——以川西深层致密碎屑砂岩为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(3):357-362. Ye Tairan,Fu Shun,Lii Qibiao,et al.Application of multiwave joint inversion to the prediction of relatively high quality reservoirs—an example from the prediction of deep tight clastic sandstone reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(3):357 -362.
[4]单敬福,王峰,孙海雷,等.基于地震波阻抗反演的小层砂体预测技术——在大庆油田州57水平井区块的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2):212-218. Shan Jingfu,Wang Feng,Sun Hailei,et al.Prediction of sublayer sandstones based on wave impedance inversion in the wellblock of the horizontal well Zhou 57[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2010,31(2):212-218.
[5]吴媚,李维新,符力耘.基于测井曲线分频分析的地震反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):65-71. Wu Mei,Li Weixin,Fu Liyun.Seismic inversion based on logging trace frequency-shared analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(Supplement):65-71.
[6]季玉新,刘春园,陈冬,等.分频反演方法及其在塔河A区储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31 (1):38-42. Ji Yuxin,Liu Chunyuan,Cheng Dong,et al.Frequency divided inversion and its application to reservoir prediction in Block A of Tahe oilfield[J],Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31 (1):38-42.
[7]阎辉,李鲤鹏,张学工,等.测井曲线的小波变换特性在自动分层中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4): 568-573. Yan Hui,Li Lipeng,Zhang Xuegong,et al.Wavelet transform properties of well log and their application in automatic segmentation [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(4); 568-573.
[8]凌云,惠晓宇,孙德胜,等.储层叠后反演影响因素分析与地震属性解释研究[J].石油物探,2008,47(6):531- 558. Ling Yun,Hui Xiaoyu,Sun Desheng,et al.Analysis on affecting factors of post-stack inversion and seismic attribute interpretation of thin reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pecrdeum,2008,47(6):531 -558.
[9]许运新.大庆长垣北部萨零组油气层浅层气分布特征与开发利用[J].石油勘探与开发,1990,4:45-54. Xu Yunxin.Distribution of the shallow gas reservoir in the Formation "S_0" and it's development in the North of Daqing Placanticline [J].Petroleum Expoloration and Development, 1990,4:45 -54.
[10]李庆忠.岩性油气藏地震勘探若干问题的讨论(Ⅱ)——关于垂向分辨率的认识[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(3):1-5. Li Qingzhong.Discussion on seismic exploration of lithologie reservoirs(Ⅱ)—Seismic vertical resolution[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(3):1 -5.
[11]邱睿,李庆忠.用砂泥岩互层模型检验垂向分辨率[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(4):677-682. Qiu Rui,Li Qing zhong.Using a sand and mud interbed model to test the vertical resolution[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2005,35(4):677 -682.
[12]李庆忠.岩性油气藏地震勘探若干问题的讨论(Ⅰ)[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):1-15. Li Qingzhong.Discussion on seismic exploration of lithologic reservoirs(Ⅰ)[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):1 - 15.
[13]李庆忠.地震勘探分辨率与信噪比谱的关系——答云美厚“地震分辨力新认识”一文[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008, 43(2):244-245. Li Qingzhong.Relationship between resolution of seismic exploration and spectrum of S/N ratio[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Pecroleum,2008,20(3):1-5.
[14]黄军斌,高利军,高勇,等.辫状河流相薄砂体地震子波效应和识别方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(2): 225-231. Huang Junbin,Gao Lijun,Gao Yong,et al.Wavelet effect and recognition methods of thin sand bodies in braided river facies [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(2):225-231.
[15]李军,熊利平,赵为永,等.基于确定性和随机模型的薄储层岩性预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2):240- 244. Li Jun,Xiong Liping,Zhao Weiyong,et al.Lithology prediction of thin reservoirs based on deterministic and stochastic models[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(2):240-244.
[16]Sams M S,Atkins D,Said N,et al.Stochastic inversion for high resolution reservoir characterisation in the Central Sumatra Basin[R].SPE57260,1999.
[17]Shanor G,Rawanchaikul M,Sams M,et al.A geostatistical invesion to flow simulation workflow example[C]// Makarem Field,Oman;63rd EAGE Conference and Technical Exhibition. Houten:EAGE,2001.
[18]段云卿,王彦春,覃天,等.储层地震反演在辽河油田大民屯凹陷的应用[J].地球科学,2007,32(4):554-558. Duan Yunqing,Wang Yanchun,Qin Tian,et al.Application of reservoir seismic inversion at Damintun Sag in Liaohe Oilfield [J].Earth Science,2007,32(4):554-558.
[19]慎国强,孟宪军,王玉梅,等.随机地震反演方法及其在埕北35井区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39 (1):75-81. ??Shen Guoqiang,Meng Xianjun,Wang Yumei,et al.Random seismic inversion and its application in Chengbei No.35well-zone [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(1):75 - 81.
[20]Sen M K,Stoffa P L.Nonlinearone-dimensional seiamic waveform inversion using simulated annealing[J].Geophysics, 1991,56(10):1624-1638.
[21]刘巧霞,田仁飞,钟宙灿.模拟退火地震参数反演研究[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2009,6(2):186- 188. Liu Qiaoxia,Tian Renfei,Zhong Zhoucan.Seismic parameters inversion using the simulated annealing method[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Nat Sci Edit),2009,6(2):186-188.
[22]黄捍东,张如伟,魏世平.地震非线性随机反演方法在陆相薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油学报,2009,30 (3):386-390. Huang Handong,Zhang Ruwei,Wei Shiping.Research on application of seismic nonlinear random inversion to reservoir prediction in the thin sandstone of continental deposits[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):386 -390.
[23]崔凤林,张向君,王世清.松辽盆地北部薄互层复杂构造的精细刻画方法与应用[J].地球科学,2005,30(4): 503-508. Cui Fenglin,Zhang Xiangjun,Wang Shiqing.Meticulous depiction methodology and application of complicated structures of reciprocal thin layers in northern Songliao basin[J].Earth Science, 2005,30(4):503 -508.
[24]郑爱敏,符志国,廖娟.地震反演储层预测技术在白马庙地区的应用[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):47-49. Zheng Aimin,Fu Zhiguo,Liao Juan.The application of seismic inversion to reservoir prediction in Baimamiao Area,western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(8): 47-49.
[25]侯连华,邹才能,匡立春,等,老油气区精细勘探潜力与方法技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(1):108-115. Hou Lianhua,Zou Caineng,Kuang Lichun,et al.Potential and technologies of refined exploration in mature oil and gas regions [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009,30(1):108-115.
[26]马世忠,杨清彦.曲流点坝沉积模式-三维构形及其非均质模型[J].沉积学报,2000,18(6):241-247. Ma Shizhong,Yang Qingyan.The depositional model,3-D architecture and heterogeneous model of point bar in meandering channels[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2000,18(6): 241 -247.
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