微地震监测揭示的矿震诱发冲击地压机理研究
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摘要
在对朝阳煤矿#3201工作面进行冲击地压高精度微地震监测过程中,测到了到时靠后的震动波幅值反而较大的异常现象,并且当时井下震感强烈。针对这一异常现象,介绍了高精度微地震监测系统的现场测区布置及系统标定情况,通过对该异常波形数据进行分析研究及初步定位,发现定位结果较为离散,不符合定位精度的要求,从而否定了把记录的微震数据当作一个震源进行定位的基本假设,在此基础上提出了矿震诱发冲击地压的震动破坏机制假设,并对该假设进行了初步验证、初始震源与诱发震源的时间相关性验证、原位岩体实测波形验证等。最后结合矿山压力与岩层控制的理论和长期的微地震监测结果,发现诱发震源的位置正好处于采动应力场和构造应力场耦合下的高应力区,这就证明了矿震诱发冲击地压是通过初始震源的震动破坏机制实现的,并且被诱发的冲击地压震源处于各种耦合因素影响下的高应力区内。
In the sublevel caving longwall face #3201 of Chaoyang Coal Mine,an abnormal phenomenon is detected that the amplitude of detector receiving microseismic wave earlier is bigger than the one receiving microseismic wave later by using high-precision microseismic monitoring system and then a strong underground vibration is felt.In response to this anomaly,the layout of high-precision microseismic monitoring system and system calibration is introduced.Through the abnormal waveform data analysis and preliminary positioning,that the results of microseismic positioning do not meet the requirements of positioning accuracy is discovered,thus negating the basic assumptions of considering the record of the microseismic data as one source to locate.On this basis,a hypothesis is put forward,that is,the mechanism of microseim-induced rock burst is the pattern of the vibration wave of the inital microseismic source inducing another microseismic source by the vibrational failure of s-wave,and the hypothesis is proved strictly.Considering of underground pressure and stratum control and the results of long-term microseismic monitoring,the location of the induced microseismic source is found exactly under the high-stress area of mining-induced stress field and tectonic stress field,which is further proof of the above hypothesis and makes it clear that the induced microseismic source is located in the high-stress areas under the influence of coupling factors.
In the sublevel caving longwall face #3201 of Chaoyang Coal Mine,an abnormal phenomenon is detected that the amplitude of detector receiving microseismic wave earlier is bigger than the one receiving microseismic wave later by using high-precision microseismic monitoring system and then a strong underground vibration is felt.In response to this anomaly,the layout of high-precision microseismic monitoring system and system calibration is introduced.Through the abnormal waveform data analysis and preliminary positioning,that the results of microseismic positioning do not meet the requirements of positioning accuracy is discovered,thus negating the basic assumptions of considering the record of the microseismic data as one source to locate.On this basis,a hypothesis is put forward,that is,the mechanism of microseim-induced rock burst is the pattern of the vibration wave of the inital microseismic source inducing another microseismic source by the vibrational failure of s-wave,and the hypothesis is proved strictly.Considering of underground pressure and stratum control and the results of long-term microseismic monitoring,the location of the induced microseismic source is found exactly under the high-stress area of mining-induced stress field and tectonic stress field,which is further proof of the above hypothesis and makes it clear that the induced microseismic source is located in the high-stress areas under the influence of coupling factors.
引文
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[14]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[15]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(in Chinese))
[16]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(JIANG Fu-xing,YE Gen-xi,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(in Chinese))
[17]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4745–4749.(ZHAO Xing-dong,TANG Chun-an,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Prediction method of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring and stress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4745–4749.(in Chinese))
[18]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053–1058.(YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field micro-seismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1053–1058.(in Chinese))
[19]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074–1082.(MA Zhao-jun,LIU Yang.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074–1082.(in Chinese))
[2]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机制及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844–1851.(PAN Yi-shan,LI Zhong-hua,ZHANG Meng-tao.Distributiont,ype,mechanism and prevention of rock burst in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1844–1 851.(in Chinese))
[3]LINKOV A M.Rockbursts and the instability of rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(7):727–732.
[4]齐庆新,王永秀,毛德兵,等.非坚硬顶板条件下高强度开采采动诱发冲击地压机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):5002–5006.(QI Qing-xin,WANG Yong-xiu,MAO De-bing,et al.Study on mechanism of rock burst induced by high strength mining with condition of non hard roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5002–5006.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo,YANG Shu-hua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[6]MAOCHEN GE.Efficient mine microseismic monitoring[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1–2):44–56.
[7]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818–824.(YANG Cheng-xiang,LUO Zhou-quan,TANG Li-zhong.Study on rule of geostatic activity based on microseismic monitoring technique in deep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):818–824.(in Chinese))
[8]BLAKE W,LEIGHTON F,DUVALL W I.Microseismic techniques for monitoring the behavior of rock structures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1975,12(4):69.
[9]SRINIVASAN C,ARORA S K,BENADY S.Precursory monitoring of impending rockbursts in Kolar gold mines from microseismic emissions at deeper levels[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(7):941–948.
[10]LUO X,HATHERLY P.Understanding of high gas emissions at Appin Colliery through microseismic monitoring[C]//Proc Int Mining Tech.′98 Symp.[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1998:74–79.
[11]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
[12]汪华君,姜福兴,成云海,等.覆岩导水裂隙带高度的微地震(MS)监测研究[J].煤炭工程,2006(3):74–76.(WANG Hua-jun,JIANG Fu-xing,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring and measuring at top level of water conducted cracking zone in overburden rock[J].Coal Engineering,2006(3):74–76.(in Chinese))
[13]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
[14]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[15]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(in Chinese))
[16]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(JIANG Fu-xing,YE Gen-xi,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932–1938.(in Chinese))
[17]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4745–4749.(ZHAO Xing-dong,TANG Chun-an,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Prediction method of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring and stress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4745–4749.(in Chinese))
[18]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053–1058.(YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field micro-seismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1053–1058.(in Chinese))
[19]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074–1082.(MA Zhao-jun,LIU Yang.A summary of research on seismic attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1074–1082.(in Chinese))
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