基于地震相分析的砂体储层厚度描述
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摘要
勘探初期,工区内钻井较少和砂体厚度较小且横向分布不稳定的时候,找到一种合适的方法来描述砂体的分布范围和厚度是一件十分困难的事情。地震的各种属性和波阻抗反演在碳氢检测、储层预测和层序地层解释中具有广泛的应用,基于属性的地震相分析可以清晰地刻画砂体的横向分布情况。研究区调谐频率和砂体的厚度有较好的对应关系,因此,根据实际情况,在充分了解研究区沉积背景的前提下,首先,优选提取可以识别砂体范围的各种地震属性,利用基于多属性的地震相分析描述出砂体的分布范围;其次,根据时频分析做谱分解,计算出一个频率域的数据体,提出每道能量最大处的频率值,得到最大频率平面图;然后,根据高分辨的波阻抗反演剖面和研究区的唯一一口钻井,建立砂体厚度和频率的拟合关系式;最后,用统计的拟合关系式,推算出整个研究区砂体分布范围内的厚度平面图。实际应用结果表明,该方法能较好地预测砂体分布范围和厚度。
In the initial stage of exploration,when there are a few wells drilled in work area,and the sand bodies are very thin and unstable in lateral distribution,it is difficult to find a good way to predict them.Various seismic attributes and wave impedance inversion have been applied widely in hydrocarbon detection,reservoir prediction and sequence stratigraphy explaination,which can clearly describe the distribution of sand bodies horizontally based on the seismic facies analysis.Wave impedance can describe the thickness of sand bodies vertically,while tuning frequency has a better corresponding relation with the thickness of sand bodies.In this paper,firstly,we predicted the distribution of the sand bodies,which were mostly obtained through the research of sedimentary environment and the analysis of seismic facies based on multi-attribute;secondly,we computed a data volume in frequency domain after making spectral decomposition to raw seismic data through time-frequency analysis,and then extracted the time of maximal amplitude each trace in the data volume,getting a planar graph of the peak frequency;thirdly,we built the fitted formula between the peak frequency and the thickness of sand bodies using the wave impedance inversion profile after high resolution processing and the unique drilling well in research area;finally,we used the fitted formula to compute the distribution map of the thickness of all sand bodies in whole research area through the thin layer tuning principle which was put forward by Widess.The practical application shows that the method can predict the the distribution and thickness of sand bodies well.
In the initial stage of exploration,when there are a few wells drilled in work area,and the sand bodies are very thin and unstable in lateral distribution,it is difficult to find a good way to predict them.Various seismic attributes and wave impedance inversion have been applied widely in hydrocarbon detection,reservoir prediction and sequence stratigraphy explaination,which can clearly describe the distribution of sand bodies horizontally based on the seismic facies analysis.Wave impedance can describe the thickness of sand bodies vertically,while tuning frequency has a better corresponding relation with the thickness of sand bodies.In this paper,firstly,we predicted the distribution of the sand bodies,which were mostly obtained through the research of sedimentary environment and the analysis of seismic facies based on multi-attribute;secondly,we computed a data volume in frequency domain after making spectral decomposition to raw seismic data through time-frequency analysis,and then extracted the time of maximal amplitude each trace in the data volume,getting a planar graph of the peak frequency;thirdly,we built the fitted formula between the peak frequency and the thickness of sand bodies using the wave impedance inversion profile after high resolution processing and the unique drilling well in research area;finally,we used the fitted formula to compute the distribution map of the thickness of all sand bodies in whole research area through the thin layer tuning principle which was put forward by Widess.The practical application shows that the method can predict the the distribution and thickness of sand bodies well.
引文
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[12]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束反演的若干问题[J].断块油气田,2006,13(6):16-17.Guo Wei,Dai Zongyang,Yin Hong,et al.Some questions of constraintinversion of post stack wave impedence[J].Fault-Block Oil&GasField,2006,13(6):16-17.
[13]石磊,王昌景.常用的几种反演软件的比较[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(3):16-19.Shi Lei,Wang Changjing.The comparison of several seismic inversionsoftware[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2004,26(3):16-19.
[2]侯贵廷,王文明,杨默涵.砂体非线性分布的定量研究方法[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2004,40(2):184-187.Hou Guiting,Wang Wenming,Yang Mohan.Fractal methodcharacterizing the non-linear distribution[J].Acta ScientiarumNaturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2004,40(2):184-187.
[3]穆立华,彭仕宓,尹志军,等.井间砂体定量预测的泛克里格法[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(4):73-75.Mu Lihua,Peng Shimi,Yin Zhijun,et al.Universal Kriging method forquantitative sandstone prediction between wells[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(4):73-75.
[4]季玉新,曲寿利,王秀玲,等.用地质地震资料计算复杂砂体储层厚度方法与应用实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3):361-365.Ji Yuxin,Qu Shouli,Wang Xiuling,et al.A method for complex sandreservoir thickness estimation using geologic and seismic data,and theapplication example[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2000,35(3):361-365.
[5]黄捍东,张如伟,魏世平.地震非线性随机反演方法在陆相薄砂岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(3):386-390.Huang Handong,Zhang Ruwei,Wei Shiping.Research on applicationof seismic nonlinear random inversion to reservoir prediction in thethin sandstone of continental deposits[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(3):386-390.
[6]吴建,李凡华.三维地质建模与地震反演结合预测含油单砂体[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):623-627.Wu Jian,Li Fanhua.Prediction of oil bearing single sandbody by 3Dgeological modeling combined with seismic inversion[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2009,36(5):623-627.
[7]Liu Jianlei,Marfurt Kurt J.Thin bed thickness prediction using peakinstantaneous frequency[A].SEG/New Orleans 2006 Annual Meeting,Expanded Abstract,2006.
[8]李祥辉.层序地层中的混合沉积作用及其控制因素[J].高校地质学报,2009,14(3):395-404.Li Xianghui.Mixing of siliciclastic-carbonate sediments within systemstracts of depositional sequences and its controlling factors[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2009,14(3):395-404.
[9]王永刚,乐友善,张军华.地震属性分析技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006.Wang Yonggang,Le Youshan,Zhang Junhua.Seismic attribute analysistechnology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2006.
[10]盛湘.应用地震属性确定莫西庄地区沉积微相的事例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(3):354-357.Sheng Xiang.Application of seismic attributes to determine micro-facies in Moxizhuang Area:case history[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2009,44(3):354-357.
[11]袁井菊,贾庆素,施少武.大情字井地区特征参数反演储层预测[J].断块油气田,2010,17(4):426-430.Yuan Jingju,Jia Qingsu,Shi Shaowu.Reservoir prediction usingcharacteristic parameter inversion in Daqingzijing Area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(4):426-430.
[12]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束反演的若干问题[J].断块油气田,2006,13(6):16-17.Guo Wei,Dai Zongyang,Yin Hong,et al.Some questions of constraintinversion of post stack wave impedence[J].Fault-Block Oil&GasField,2006,13(6):16-17.
[13]石磊,王昌景.常用的几种反演软件的比较[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(3):16-19.Shi Lei,Wang Changjing.The comparison of several seismic inversionsoftware[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2004,26(3):16-19.
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