1810年2月19日清津近海地震——19世纪韩半岛灾害最严重的地震
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摘要
据《朝鲜王朝实录》记载 ,1810年 2月 19日在朝鲜咸镜道明川、镜城、会宁和富宁府发生地震 ,造成房屋倒塌和人畜死亡以及地面裂陷、喷水冒砂、滑坡等地表破坏。本文引证《承政院日记》、《备边司誊录》、《日省录》等重要历史文献及地方志 ,详细研究了有关史料。此地震造成 4 7户房屋倒塌 ,5人死亡 ,是 19世纪韩半岛震害最严重的地震。清津湾沿岸地区破坏最重 ,烈度达到Ⅷ度 ,砂土液化和地震海啸加重了震害。震中在清津近海域 (N4 1 7°E12 9 8°) ,震级定为M6 。
A strong earthquake occurred near Myongcheon, Kyongsong, Hoeryong and Puryong Counties in the Korean Peninsula on February 19, 1810. A detailed textual research has been done on the historical documents such as Chosonwangjoshillok, Shungjongwonilgi, Ilsongnok, Bibyensadengnok, Chungbomunhyonbigo and some Local Records. According to those historical records, total 47 houses collapsed and 5 people including a child and 2 horses were crushed to death due to the earthquake. Among them, 38 houses collapsed and one child and two horses were crushed to death at Sunamli and Subukli of Cheongamsa, Puryong County. In addition, 11 wells (springs) were blocked with the accumulated sand, and ground sank at three different places, and a large rock on the top of the mountain near the coast rolled down and broke into halves, one of which went into sea. Houses at Myongcheon County shook. All houses shook and rocks of fences and soil of walls fell down partly at Hoeryong County. Some battlements and cannon towers of town wall collapsed, and foot of a hill slid and fell down, and 9 houses collapsed and 4 people were crushed to death at Kyongsong County. Analysis of these historical materials in seismological term has also been performed. The earthquake disasters were heavier due to liquefaction of saturated soil and tsunami along coast. The tsunami was very special one with ice because it occurred in a frigid winter, and a near-field (local) tsunami. The original time of the earthquake was at 13～15 p.m. on February 19, 1810. The epicenter was located at offshore of Cheonggin City approximately (129.8°E, 41.7°N). The epicenter intensity was approximated as Ⅷ in MMI scale and magnitude about M 6.5. The earthquake is a largest disaster affected the Korean Peninsula during the 19th century.
A strong earthquake occurred near Myongcheon, Kyongsong, Hoeryong and Puryong Counties in the Korean Peninsula on February 19, 1810. A detailed textual research has been done on the historical documents such as Chosonwangjoshillok, Shungjongwonilgi, Ilsongnok, Bibyensadengnok, Chungbomunhyonbigo and some Local Records. According to those historical records, total 47 houses collapsed and 5 people including a child and 2 horses were crushed to death due to the earthquake. Among them, 38 houses collapsed and one child and two horses were crushed to death at Sunamli and Subukli of Cheongamsa, Puryong County. In addition, 11 wells (springs) were blocked with the accumulated sand, and ground sank at three different places, and a large rock on the top of the mountain near the coast rolled down and broke into halves, one of which went into sea. Houses at Myongcheon County shook. All houses shook and rocks of fences and soil of walls fell down partly at Hoeryong County. Some battlements and cannon towers of town wall collapsed, and foot of a hill slid and fell down, and 9 houses collapsed and 4 people were crushed to death at Kyongsong County. Analysis of these historical materials in seismological term has also been performed. The earthquake disasters were heavier due to liquefaction of saturated soil and tsunami along coast. The tsunami was very special one with ice because it occurred in a frigid winter, and a near-field (local) tsunami. The original time of the earthquake was at 13～15 p.m. on February 19, 1810. The epicenter was located at offshore of Cheonggin City approximately (129.8°E, 41.7°N). The epicenter intensity was approximated as Ⅷ in MMI scale and magnitude about M 6.5. The earthquake is a largest disaster affected the Korean Peninsula during the 19th century.
引文
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朝鲜弘文馆,1908,增补文献备考,象纬考,卷十,十二页。
汉城大学奎章阁,1982,日省录,36册,二百五十三卷,411～412。
汉城大学奎章阁,1995,海东地图(下),156～157,汉城:汉城大学。
韩国国史编纂委员会,1961,承政院日记,104卷,1977册,342页。
韩国国史编纂委员会,1968,朝鲜王朝实录,四七卷,纯祖实录(一),649。
韩国国史编纂委员会,1997,备边司誊录,二十卷,169。
韩国人文科学院,1991,韩国近代邑志,咸镜道1,镜城志,117。
和田雄志,1912,朝鲜古今地震考,朝鲜总督府观测所,学术报文,第二卷,29。
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