等时格架及地震反演双重约束的精细砂体对比研究
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摘要
为了对相变迅速、砂体横向变化大的陆相地层进行等时砂体对比,并对有利砂体的展布规律进行较为精确的评价和预测,以川西坳陷新场-丰谷地区上三叠统须家河组四段为例,提出了等时格架及地震反演双重约束的精细砂体对比方法.通过建立砂体对比的等时地层格架,利用单井岩性、沉积特征及测井、三维地震资料,进行砂组划分与对比,结合等时地层格架约束的地震反演进行精细砂体对比.结果表明:沿辨状主河道的FG21—CF125井一带可识别出19套砂体,多呈透镜状分布,其两侧可识别的砂体为11套或更少,有多套砂体的缺失.相比较传统的"砂对砂,泥对泥"的对比方式,能确保5~8 m的砂体对比不串层,有效性分析表明砂体对比的结果是可信的.
To study the isochronous sandbody correlation of continental environment strata with rapid changes of facies and sandbody distribution vertically and laterally,and evaluate and predict the favourable sandbodies,a new method for the double constraints of isochronous framework and seismic inversion was proposed taking the 4th member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe formation in Xinchang-Fenggu area as an example.Based on the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework,sandstone groups were divided and correlated using the lithologic,sedimentary,logging and tridimensional seismic data.By means of seismic inversion under the constraint of isochronous framework,the sandbodies were correlated finely.The results show that nineteen sets of lenticular sandbodies along the FG21—CF125 zone and eleven sets or less sandbodies deposited along the both sides outward can be recognized.Comparing with the traditional correlating means of "from sandstone to sandstone and from mudstone to mudstone",the distinguishable thickness of sandbodies for correlation can reach to 5-8 m.The availability analysis shows that the effects of sandbody correlation are believable.
To study the isochronous sandbody correlation of continental environment strata with rapid changes of facies and sandbody distribution vertically and laterally,and evaluate and predict the favourable sandbodies,a new method for the double constraints of isochronous framework and seismic inversion was proposed taking the 4th member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe formation in Xinchang-Fenggu area as an example.Based on the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework,sandstone groups were divided and correlated using the lithologic,sedimentary,logging and tridimensional seismic data.By means of seismic inversion under the constraint of isochronous framework,the sandbodies were correlated finely.The results show that nineteen sets of lenticular sandbodies along the FG21—CF125 zone and eleven sets or less sandbodies deposited along the both sides outward can be recognized.Comparing with the traditional correlating means of "from sandstone to sandstone and from mudstone to mudstone",the distinguishable thickness of sandbodies for correlation can reach to 5-8 m.The availability analysis shows that the effects of sandbody correlation are believable.
引文
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[11]高志勇.河流相沉积中准层序与短期基准面旋回对比研究:以四川中部须家河组为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):109-117.GAO Zhi-yong.Correlation of para sequence andshort-term ba se level cycles in river facies:a case ofthe Xujiahe formation in central Sichuan[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2007,81(1):109-117.
[12]郑荣才,叶泰然,翟文亮,等.川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组砂体分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):405-411.ZHENG Rong-cai,YE Tai-ran,ZHAI Wen-liang,et al.Prediction of sandbody distribution in the Up-per Triassic Xujiahe formation,the west Sichuandepression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(3):405-411.
[13]魏国齐,杨威,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统有利储层展布与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):11-14.WEI Guo-qi,YANG Wei,JIN Hui,et al.Distribu-tion of favorable reservoirs and exploration targetsin the Upper Triassic of the Sichuan basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,2010,30(1):11-14.
[14]张哨楠.四川盆地西部须家河组砂岩储层成岩作用及致密时间讨论[J].矿物岩石,2009,29(4):33-38.ZHANG Shao-nan.Discussion on the diagenesis andtiming of tight sandstone reservoir in Xujiahe forma-tion,western Sichuan basin[J].J Mineral Petrol,2009,29(4):33-38.
[15]张响响,邹才能,陶士振,等.四川盆地广安地区上三叠统须家河组四段低孔渗砂岩成岩相类型划分及半定量评价[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):50-56.ZHANG Xiang-xiang,ZOU Cai-neng,TAO Shi-zhen,et al.Diagenetic facies types and semiquanti-tative evaluation of low porosity and permeabilitysandstones of the fourth member Xujiahe formationGuangan area,Sichuan basin[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2010,28(1):50-56.
[16]郑荣才,戴朝成,朱如凯,等.四川类前陆盆地须家河组层序-岩相古地理[J].地质论评,2009,55(4):484-495.ZHENG Rong-cai,DAI Chao-cheng,ZHU Ru-kai,et al.Sequence based Lithofacies and paleogeo-graphic characteristics of upper triassic Xujiahe for-mation in Sichuan basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(4):484-495.
[17]侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组二段和四段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):30-37.HOU Fang-hao,JIANG Yu-qiang,FANG Shao-xianet al.Sedimentary model of sandstone in second andfourth members of Xiangxi formation in the uppertriassic of Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(2):30-37.
[18]朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):46-55.ZHU Ru-kai,ZHAO Xia,LIU Liu-hong,et al.Depositional system and favorable reservoir distribu-tion of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan basin[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):46-55.
[19]何鲤,段勇,罗潇,等.川西坳陷上三叠统层序地层划分新方案[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):6-11.HE Li,DUAN Yong,LUO Xiao,et al.Newscheme of sequence stratigraphic division for upperTriassic in western Sichuan depression[J].NaturalGas Industry,2007,27(2):6-11.
[20]刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组地层的划分对比及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(2):190-196.LIU Jin-hua,ZHANG Shi-qi,SUN Yao-ting,et al.Correlation and evolution of the upper Triassic Jujia-he formation in the west Sichuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(2):190-196.
[21]郑荣才,朱如凯,翟文亮,等.川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):246-254.ZHENG Rong-cai,ZHU Ru-kai,ZHAI Wen-liang,et al.Tectonic evolution and sequence filling pat-terns in western Sichuan foreland-like basin in theUpper Triasic Xujiahean period[J].Geology in Chi-na,2008,35(2):246-254.
[22]许永忠,崔若飞,潘冬明,等.煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):265-268.XU Yong-zhong,CUI Ruo-fei,PAN Dong-ming,etal.Application of seismic inversion based on modelfor igneous distributing in coalfields[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):265-268.
[23]MADIBA G B,McMECHAN G A.Seismic imped-ance inversion and interpretation of a gas carbonatereservoir in the Alberta foothills,Western Canada[J].Geophysics,2003,68(5):1460-1469.
[24]叶泰然,郑荣才.川西坳陷须二段层序地层特征与储层预测[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):45-48.YE Tai-ran,ZHENG Rong-cai.Sequence strati-graphic characteristics and reservoir prediction ofT3x2 in the west Sichuan depression[J].NaturalGas Industry,2004,24(11):45-48.
[25]彭苏萍,邹冠贵,李巧灵.测井约束地震反演在煤厚预测中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(6):729-733.PENG Su-ping,ZOU Guan-gui,LI Qiao-ling.Seamthickness prediction methods based on the loggingconstrained seismic inversion[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining&Technology,2008,37(6):729-733.
[2]赵庆国,赵华,朱应科.测井约束地震反演技术在河4井复杂断块区的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):706-710.ZHAO Qing-guo,ZHAO Hua,ZHU Ying-ke.Ap-plication of logging-restrained seismic inversion tostudy complex fault block in He-4 well block[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting,2004,39(6):706-710.
[3]SUBHASH K,CHRISTOPHER D,JAMES G,et al.Downscaling multiple seismic inversion constraints tofine scale flow models[J].SPE Journal,2009,14(4):746-758.
[4]周丽清,赵丽敏,赵国梁,等.高分辨率地震约束相建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):56-58.ZHOU Li-qing,ZHAO Li-min,ZHAO Guo-liang,etal.Stochastic facies modeling constrained by high-resolution seismic data[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2002,29(3):56-58
[5]阎相宾,李永宏.塔河油田石炭系砂层划分对比及横向预测[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):36-40.YAN Xiang-bin,LI Yong-hong.Division and lateralprediction of carboniferous sand in Tahe oil field[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):36-40.
[6]郑军.地质、测井、地震联合反演在辽河海外河储层预测中的应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(增刊A):18-19.ZHENG Jun.Application of canbinating inversion ofgeology,logging and seism in reservoir prediction ofHaiwaihe oilfield in Liaohe basin[J].Journal ofJianghan Petroleum Institute,2003,25(Suppl A):18-19.
[7]甘利灯,姚逢昌,郑晓东,等.非常规储集层地震横向预测的一种方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):65-68.GAN Li-deng,YAO Feng-chang,ZHENG Xiao-dong,et al.A method for lateral prediction of uncon-ventional reservoirs by using seismic data[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2000,27(2):65-68.
[8]HU Wen-yi,ARIA A,TAREK M.Joint electro-magnetic and seismic inversion using structural con-straints[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):99-109.
[9]杨勇,孟海泉,别爱芳,等.基于地震反演的储层建模及实例分析[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(3):49-50.YANG Yong,MENG Hai-quan,BIE Ai-fang,et al.Reservoir modeling and case study based on seismicinversion[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institu-te,2003,25(3):49-50.
[10]李琼,贺振华.地震高分辨率非线性反演在薄互储层识别中的应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(6):708-712.LI Qiong,HE Zhen-hua.Application of seismichigh resolution nonlinear inversion to thin and inter-bedded reservoir recognition[J].Journal of ChengduUniversity of Technology:Science&TechnologyEdition,2004,31(6):708-712.
[11]高志勇.河流相沉积中准层序与短期基准面旋回对比研究:以四川中部须家河组为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(1):109-117.GAO Zhi-yong.Correlation of para sequence andshort-term ba se level cycles in river facies:a case ofthe Xujiahe formation in central Sichuan[J].ActaGeologica Sinica,2007,81(1):109-117.
[12]郑荣才,叶泰然,翟文亮,等.川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组砂体分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(3):405-411.ZHENG Rong-cai,YE Tai-ran,ZHAI Wen-liang,et al.Prediction of sandbody distribution in the Up-per Triassic Xujiahe formation,the west Sichuandepression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(3):405-411.
[13]魏国齐,杨威,金惠,等.四川盆地上三叠统有利储层展布与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2010,30(1):11-14.WEI Guo-qi,YANG Wei,JIN Hui,et al.Distribu-tion of favorable reservoirs and exploration targetsin the Upper Triassic of the Sichuan basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Industry,2010,30(1):11-14.
[14]张哨楠.四川盆地西部须家河组砂岩储层成岩作用及致密时间讨论[J].矿物岩石,2009,29(4):33-38.ZHANG Shao-nan.Discussion on the diagenesis andtiming of tight sandstone reservoir in Xujiahe forma-tion,western Sichuan basin[J].J Mineral Petrol,2009,29(4):33-38.
[15]张响响,邹才能,陶士振,等.四川盆地广安地区上三叠统须家河组四段低孔渗砂岩成岩相类型划分及半定量评价[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):50-56.ZHANG Xiang-xiang,ZOU Cai-neng,TAO Shi-zhen,et al.Diagenetic facies types and semiquanti-tative evaluation of low porosity and permeabilitysandstones of the fourth member Xujiahe formationGuangan area,Sichuan basin[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2010,28(1):50-56.
[16]郑荣才,戴朝成,朱如凯,等.四川类前陆盆地须家河组层序-岩相古地理[J].地质论评,2009,55(4):484-495.ZHENG Rong-cai,DAI Chao-cheng,ZHU Ru-kai,et al.Sequence based Lithofacies and paleogeo-graphic characteristics of upper triassic Xujiahe for-mation in Sichuan basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(4):484-495.
[17]侯方浩,蒋裕强,方少仙,等.四川盆地上三叠统香溪组二段和四段砂岩沉积模式[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):30-37.HOU Fang-hao,JIANG Yu-qiang,FANG Shao-xianet al.Sedimentary model of sandstone in second andfourth members of Xiangxi formation in the uppertriassic of Sichuan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(2):30-37.
[18]朱如凯,赵霞,刘柳红,等.四川盆地须家河组沉积体系与有利储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):46-55.ZHU Ru-kai,ZHAO Xia,LIU Liu-hong,et al.Depositional system and favorable reservoir distribu-tion of Xujiahe formation in Sichuan basin[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2009,36(1):46-55.
[19]何鲤,段勇,罗潇,等.川西坳陷上三叠统层序地层划分新方案[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):6-11.HE Li,DUAN Yong,LUO Xiao,et al.Newscheme of sequence stratigraphic division for upperTriassic in western Sichuan depression[J].NaturalGas Industry,2007,27(2):6-11.
[20]刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组地层的划分对比及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(2):190-196.LIU Jin-hua,ZHANG Shi-qi,SUN Yao-ting,et al.Correlation and evolution of the upper Triassic Jujia-he formation in the west Sichuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(2):190-196.
[21]郑荣才,朱如凯,翟文亮,等.川西类前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期构造演化及层序充填样式[J].中国地质,2008,35(2):246-254.ZHENG Rong-cai,ZHU Ru-kai,ZHAI Wen-liang,et al.Tectonic evolution and sequence filling pat-terns in western Sichuan foreland-like basin in theUpper Triasic Xujiahean period[J].Geology in Chi-na,2008,35(2):246-254.
[22]许永忠,崔若飞,潘冬明,等.煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):265-268.XU Yong-zhong,CUI Ruo-fei,PAN Dong-ming,etal.Application of seismic inversion based on modelfor igneous distributing in coalfields[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):265-268.
[23]MADIBA G B,McMECHAN G A.Seismic imped-ance inversion and interpretation of a gas carbonatereservoir in the Alberta foothills,Western Canada[J].Geophysics,2003,68(5):1460-1469.
[24]叶泰然,郑荣才.川西坳陷须二段层序地层特征与储层预测[J].天然气工业,2004,24(11):45-48.YE Tai-ran,ZHENG Rong-cai.Sequence strati-graphic characteristics and reservoir prediction ofT3x2 in the west Sichuan depression[J].NaturalGas Industry,2004,24(11):45-48.
[25]彭苏萍,邹冠贵,李巧灵.测井约束地震反演在煤厚预测中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(6):729-733.PENG Su-ping,ZOU Guan-gui,LI Qiao-ling.Seamthickness prediction methods based on the loggingconstrained seismic inversion[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining&Technology,2008,37(6):729-733.
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