岩石压剪断裂核与板块内部地震
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摘要
在中国大陆内部发生的地震属于地球板块内部地震。它的发震机制是在应力作用下,原有断层裂面端部形成特殊形状的岩石破碎区——岩石压剪断裂核而导致断层扩展。该模式已被单江震源地质遗存所证实,且理论、试验、遗存一致,微观、宏观相符。通过试验研究,取得岩石压剪强度、岩石破碎后的扩容与膨胀应力、压剪断裂判据、压剪断裂试验过程中闭合裂缝面应力向缝端转移及断裂前闭合裂缝面出现开位等系列结果。根据岩石压剪断裂核模式分析,压剪断裂核内岩石破碎先于地震发生,衍生热红外等诸多现象,在临震前显现异动。因此,板内地震的发生具有可预测性。
The earthquakes in China s mainland belong to intraplate earthquakes.The seismogenic mechanism is that the rocks break zone with special shape-rock compression and shear fracture nucleus forming by the end of original fault cause the fault expansion,under the action of the stress.The model has been confirmed by geological remains of earthquake source in Danjiang.Theory is consistent with experiment results and geological remains,and same for micro and macro phenomena.By laboratory studies,series results such as rock strength of compression and shear,dilatancy and expansive stress after rock broken,compression-shear fracture criterion,closed cracks surface stress transferring to the ends of the cracks and closed crack surface appearing opening displacement before fracture in the process of compression and shear fracture test,are all obtained.According to the rock compression and shear fracture nucleus mode analysis,rock breaking in the compression shear fracture nucleus takes place before the earthquake,deriving thermal infrared and many other phenomena.Abnormal change appears before the impending earthquake.Therefore,intraplate earthquakes are predictable.
The earthquakes in China s mainland belong to intraplate earthquakes.The seismogenic mechanism is that the rocks break zone with special shape-rock compression and shear fracture nucleus forming by the end of original fault cause the fault expansion,under the action of the stress.The model has been confirmed by geological remains of earthquake source in Danjiang.Theory is consistent with experiment results and geological remains,and same for micro and macro phenomena.By laboratory studies,series results such as rock strength of compression and shear,dilatancy and expansive stress after rock broken,compression-shear fracture criterion,closed cracks surface stress transferring to the ends of the cracks and closed crack surface appearing opening displacement before fracture in the process of compression and shear fracture test,are all obtained.According to the rock compression and shear fracture nucleus mode analysis,rock breaking in the compression shear fracture nucleus takes place before the earthquake,deriving thermal infrared and many other phenomena.Abnormal change appears before the impending earthquake.Therefore,intraplate earthquakes are predictable.
引文
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[16]周群力,刘格非.脆性材料的压剪断裂[J].水利学报,1982,(7):63-69.(ZHOU Qunli,LIU Gefei.Compression and shear fracture of brittle materials[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1982,(7):63-69.(in Chinese))
[17]夏熙伦,任放.在压缩荷载作用下岩石和水泥试样的复合断裂试验及判据[J].水利学报,1984,(9):48-53.(XIA Xilun,REN Fang.Compound fracture test and criteria of rocks and cement specimens under compressive loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1984,(9):48-53.(in Chinese))
[18]周维垣,杨若琼,周力田.节理岩体和拱坝坝肩稳定的断裂力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1986,5(4):377-388.(ZHOU Weiyuan,YANG Ruoqiong,ZHOU Litian.Analysis of jointed rock using fracfure mechanics for stability of arch dam abutments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1986,5(4):377-388.(in Chinese))
[19]周翠云,李大庆,佘泳琼.岩石闭合裂缝在压剪断裂过程的开位[C]//朱维申编.中国青年学者岩土工程力学及其应用讨论会论文集.北京:科学出版社,1994:231-234.(ZHOU Cuiyun,LI Daqing,SHE Yongqiong.Open displacement of closed rock cracks in the process of compression and shear fracture[C]//ZHU Weishen,ed.Chinese Youth Scholar?s Symposium on Rock and Soil Engineering Mechanics and Application.Beijing:Science Press,1994:231-234.(in Chinese))
[20]强祖基,赁常恭.热红外增温异常与地震短临预报新进展[C]//刘若新编.现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1994:481-491.(QIANG Zhuji,LIN Changgong.New progress in thermal infrared temperature increase anomaly and short-term and impending-earthquake prediction[C]//LIU Ruoxin,ed.Research and Application of Modern Geodynamics.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1994:481-491.(in Chinese))
[2]MYACHKIN V I,BRACE W F,SOBLEV G A,et al.Two moders for earthquake forerunners[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1975,113(1):169-181.
[3]LAJTAL E Z.Brittle Fracture in Compression[J].International Journal of Fracture,1974,10(4):525-536.
[4]THOFT-CHRISTENSEN P.Continuum mechanics aspects of geodynamics and rock fracture mechanics[C]//Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute.Reykjavik,Iceland:[s.n.],1974.
[5]陈培善,谷继成,李文香.从断裂力学观点研究地震的破裂过程和地震预报[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(3):185-202.(CHEN Peishan,GU Jicheng,LI Wenxiang.A study of the earthquake faulting process and earthquake prediction in the light of fracture mechanics[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1977,20(3):185-202.(in Chinese))
[6]周群力.混凝土重力坝与基岩胶结面用断裂力学方法进行计算的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,1979,(6):21-31.(ZHOU Qunli.Calculation using fracture mechanics for cement face between concrete gravity dam and the bedrock[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1979,(6):21-31.(in Chinese))
[7]周群力.从断裂力学的观点对新丰江水库地震机制的探讨[J].地震研究,1979,(3):28-38.(ZHOU Qunli.A study of mechanism of Xinfengjiang reservoir impounding earthquake from view of fracture dynamics[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1979,(3):28-38.(in Chinese))
[8]ZHOU Q L,GONG S P,CHEN Z J.Compression shear fracture mechanism for marble[C]//International Conference on Fracture of Concrete and Rock.Houston:[s.n.],1987.
[9]周群力,佘泳琼,王良之.岩石压剪断裂核的试验研究[J].固体力学学报,1991,12(4):329-336.(ZHOU Qunli,SHE Yongqiong,WANG Liangzhi.Experimental study on the compression shear fracture nucleus of rock[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,1991,12(4):329-336.(in Chinese))
[10]周群力,刘振洪,刘樵,等.地壳岩石压剪断裂核形态探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 906-2 911.(ZHOU Qunli,LIU Zhenhong,LIU Qiao,et al.Discussion on form of compression and shear fracture nucleus of rock in earth?s crust[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 906-2 911.(in Chinese))
[11]ZHOU Q L,LIU Z H,LIU Q B,et al.Actual evidence of the model of compression and shear fracture nucleus of rock for earthquake[J].Geomechanics and Geoengineering,2011,6(1):41-46.
[12]湖南省地震局.湖南地震史[M].长沙:湖南省科学技术出版社,1982:48-59.(Hunan Provincial Seismological Bureau.Earthquake history in Hunan[M].Changsha:Hunan Science and Technology Press,1982:48-59.(in Chinese))
[13]中央地震工作小组办公室.中国地震目录[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1971:133-134.(Working Group on the Central Office of Earthquake.China earthquake catalog[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1971:133-134.(in Chinese))
[14]刘振洪,龙湘桂,周翠云.大理岩真三轴强度判据与破坏后的扩容[C]//涂传林主编.第五届岩石、混凝土断裂和强度学术会议论文集.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1993:195-199.(LIU Zhenhong,LONG Xianggui,ZHOU Cuiyun.Real triaxial strength criteria and dilatancy after failure for marble[C]//TU Chuanlin,ed.The Fifth Symposium on Fracture and Strength of Rock and Concrete.Beijing:National University of Defense and Technology Press,1993:195-199.(in Chinese))
[15]陈宗基,康文法.在岩石破坏和地震之前与时间有关的扩容[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1983,2(1):11-21.(TAN Tjongkie,KANG Wenfa.Time-dependent dilatancy prior to rock failure and earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1983,2(1):11-21.(in Chinese))
[16]周群力,刘格非.脆性材料的压剪断裂[J].水利学报,1982,(7):63-69.(ZHOU Qunli,LIU Gefei.Compression and shear fracture of brittle materials[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1982,(7):63-69.(in Chinese))
[17]夏熙伦,任放.在压缩荷载作用下岩石和水泥试样的复合断裂试验及判据[J].水利学报,1984,(9):48-53.(XIA Xilun,REN Fang.Compound fracture test and criteria of rocks and cement specimens under compressive loading[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1984,(9):48-53.(in Chinese))
[18]周维垣,杨若琼,周力田.节理岩体和拱坝坝肩稳定的断裂力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1986,5(4):377-388.(ZHOU Weiyuan,YANG Ruoqiong,ZHOU Litian.Analysis of jointed rock using fracfure mechanics for stability of arch dam abutments[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1986,5(4):377-388.(in Chinese))
[19]周翠云,李大庆,佘泳琼.岩石闭合裂缝在压剪断裂过程的开位[C]//朱维申编.中国青年学者岩土工程力学及其应用讨论会论文集.北京:科学出版社,1994:231-234.(ZHOU Cuiyun,LI Daqing,SHE Yongqiong.Open displacement of closed rock cracks in the process of compression and shear fracture[C]//ZHU Weishen,ed.Chinese Youth Scholar?s Symposium on Rock and Soil Engineering Mechanics and Application.Beijing:Science Press,1994:231-234.(in Chinese))
[20]强祖基,赁常恭.热红外增温异常与地震短临预报新进展[C]//刘若新编.现今地球动力学研究及其应用.北京:地震出版社,1994:481-491.(QIANG Zhuji,LIN Changgong.New progress in thermal infrared temperature increase anomaly and short-term and impending-earthquake prediction[C]//LIU Ruoxin,ed.Research and Application of Modern Geodynamics.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1994:481-491.(in Chinese))
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