地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑响应研究现状及展望
|
摘要
地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩、滑地质灾害因其巨大的致灾力引起了广泛关注,其研究主要集中在:①地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害特征和影响因素统计学分析,即从典型地震触发的大量斜坡崩滑灾害实例研究入手,从统计学角度分析地震崩滑灾害发育特征同地震参数(地震震级、地震烈度、震源深度、震中距等)和斜坡体特征(坡高、坡角、岩性、构造、水文地质条件等)之间的关系;②地震触发斜坡崩滑灾害的形成机制和动力响应特征研究,即分析地震波产生的拉压和剪切作用对斜坡体的影响及在这种作用下斜坡体发生的破坏和运动过程;③地震作用下斜坡稳定性评价和致灾预测研究,主要是评价、预测方法和技术的类别及特征。基于此阐述了该研究中存在的问题和今后的研究趋势。
Great destructive effect of geological disaster such as rockfall and landslide triggered by seismic dynamic action is badly attended.Related research includes following issues.Firstly,statistical analysis of characteristic and triggerig factor of these disasters is discussed.Relation between characteristic of geological disaster and seismic parameters such as magnitude,seismic intensity,focal depth and epicentral distance and slope characteristics such as height,angle,lithology,structure and hydrogeology condition is analyzed by case study.Secondly,formation mechanism and dynamic response characteristic of rockfall and landslide triggered by seismic action is concerned.That is to say,slope failure and following moving process caused by seismic tensile and shear action is discussed.Thirdly,slope stability evaluation and result prediction,especially analysis of their method and technique is studyed.Based on this,shortcomings and research prospects are analyzed in detail.
Great destructive effect of geological disaster such as rockfall and landslide triggered by seismic dynamic action is badly attended.Related research includes following issues.Firstly,statistical analysis of characteristic and triggerig factor of these disasters is discussed.Relation between characteristic of geological disaster and seismic parameters such as magnitude,seismic intensity,focal depth and epicentral distance and slope characteristics such as height,angle,lithology,structure and hydrogeology condition is analyzed by case study.Secondly,formation mechanism and dynamic response characteristic of rockfall and landslide triggered by seismic action is concerned.That is to say,slope failure and following moving process caused by seismic tensile and shear action is discussed.Thirdly,slope stability evaluation and result prediction,especially analysis of their method and technique is studyed.Based on this,shortcomings and research prospects are analyzed in detail.
引文
[1]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,YAN Fuzhang,et al.Rockslope dynamic response analysis[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2007.
[2]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.YIN Yueping.Research on the geo-hazards triggered byWenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.
[3]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1988.
[4]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[5]殷跃平.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.YIN Yueping.Introduction of seismic geology andlandslide hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[6]Keefer D K and Wilson R C.Predicting earthquake-induced landslides with emphasis on arid and semi-aridenvironments[A].in Sadler P M,and Morton D M.eds.Landslides in a semi-arid environment withemphasis on the inland Valleys of Southern California[C].California:Publications of the Inland GeologicalSociety,1989,2:118-149.
[7]Richter C F.Elementary seismology[M].SanFrancisco:W H.Freeman and Co.,1958.
[8]Prestininzi A and Romeo R.Earthquake—inducedground failures in Italy[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):387-397.
[9]Papadopoulos G A,and Plessa A.Magnitude-distancerelations for earthquake-induced landslide in Greece[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):377-386.
[10]Keefer D K.Statistical analysis of an earthquake-inducelandslide distribution-the 1989 Loma Prieta,Californiaevent[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):231-249.
[11]Rodriguez C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.Earthquake-induced landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquake Engineering,1999,18:325-346.
[12]Mario Parise,Randall W,Jibson.A seismic landslidesusceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis ofcharacteristics of landslides triggered by the 17 January,1994 Northridge,California earthquake[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,58:251-270.
[13]Julian J B,Carlos E,Rodriguez.Earthquake-inducedlandslides in Central America[J].Engineering Geology,2002,63:189-220.
[14]周本刚,王裕明.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95-103.ZHOU Bengang,WANG Yuming.Some characteristicsof earthquake-induced landslide in Southwestern China.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95-103.
[15]薛守义.岩体边坡动力性研究[D].北京:中国科技大学,1989.XUE Shouyi.Study on dynamic response of rock slope[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology ofChina,1989.
[16]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测探讨[A].滑坡文集(第二集)[C].北京:中国铁道出版社,1979,127-132.LI Tianchi.Discussion on relationship betweenearthquake and landslide and earthquake-inducedlandslide predication[A].Landslide Collected Works(Volume No.2)[C].Beijing:China RailwayPublishing House,1979,127-132.
[17]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591-594.XIN Hongbo,WANG Yuqing.Earthquake-inducedlandslide and avalanche[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):591-594.
[18]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25-30.SUN Chongshao,CAI Hongwei.Developing anddistributing characteristics of collapses and landslidesduring strong historic earthquake in China[J].Journalof Natural Disasters,1997,6(1):25-30.
[19]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18(4):64-70.LI Zhongsheng.The state of the art of the research onseismic landslide hazard at home and abroad[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2003,18(4):64-70.
[20]尹光华,李军,张勇,等.尼勒克地震滑坡的统计分析及初步研究[J].内陆地震,2001,15(1):56-63.YIN Guanghua,LI Jun,ZHANG Yong,et al.Statistical analysis and research of landslides caused byNileke Earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake,2001,15(1):56-63.
[21]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,等.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475-480.DING Yanhui,WANG Yuqing,SUN Jinzhong,et al.Research on the method for prediction of earthquakeinduced landslides and its application to engineeringprojects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):475-480.
[22]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,等.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311-314.WANG Yuqing,XIN Hongbo,GAO Yanping,et al.Study on comprehensive index method for predictingearthquake-induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(3):311-314.
[23]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽,等.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456-460.YANG Tao,DENG Ronggui,LIU Xiaoli,et al.Thedistributing and subarea character of the seismiclandslides in Sichuan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2002,20(4):456-460.
[24]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,张明,等.重庆小南海地震崩滑体的基本特征及形成机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):167-174.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,ZHANG Ming,et al.Basiccharacteristics and formation mechanism of collapsed andslided debris mass induced by xiaonanhai earth-quake inChongqing city[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):167-174.
[25]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.ZHOU Weiyuan.Higher rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Publishing,1990.
[26]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,WANG Lansheng.Engineering geology analysis principle[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[27]胡光韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.HU Guangtao.Dynamic landslide[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995.
[28]胡广韬,毛彦龙,程谦恭,等.地震时滑坡体波动震荡的启程加速动力学问题[R].西安:西安工程学院,1997.HU Guangtao,MAO Yanlong,CHENG Qiangong,etal.Set-out violent-slide dynamic problems of slopeshaking during an earthquake[R].Xi'an:Xi'anEngineering University,1997.
[29]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机理研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质报,2001,9(1):74-80.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,MAO Xinhu.et al.Mechanism of set-out violent-slide of slope mass duringearthquake and its simulation by using discrete elementmethod[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74-80.
[30]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.YIN Yueping.Fearures of landslides triggered by theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):29-38.
[31]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-166.YIN Yueping.Rapid and long run-out features oflandslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153-166.
[32]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,17(12):2585-2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on developmentand distribution rules of geohazards induced bywenchuan earthquake on 12th may,2008[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,17(12):2585-2592.
[33]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.
[34]黄润秋,许强,等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.Catastrophic landslides inChina[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[35]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin,et al.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of thelargest scale landslide at Daguangbao occurred during theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(6):730-741.
[36]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics charateristics oflarge landlides triggered by may 12th WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721-729.
[37]伍法权,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.5.12汶川地震地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.WU Faquan,HU Ruilin,YUE Zhongqi,et al.Geohazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[38]付碧宏,王萍,孔屏,等.中国汶川“5.12”8.0级大地震地震地质灾害图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.FU Bihong,WANG Ping,KONG Ping,et al.Atlas ofgeo-hazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2009.
[39]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,HE Siming,et al.Mountain Disasters Induced by the Earthquake of May 12in Wenchuan and the Disasters Mitigation[J].Journalof Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280-282.
[40]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.TANG Chuan,LIANG Jingtao.Characteristics of debrisflows in Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquaketriggered by rainstorm on Septermber 24,2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):751-758.
[41]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.WANG Yunsheng,LUO Yonghong,JI Feng,et al.Analysis of the controlling factors on geo-hazard inmountainous epicenter zones of the WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):759-763.
[42]赵纪生,魏景芝,吴景发,等.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):379-383.ZHAO Jisheng,WEI Jingzhi,WU Jingfa,et al.Mechanism of landslide and rockfall caused byWenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake[J].Technology forEarthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(4):379-383.
[43]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-116.ZHANG Yongshuang,LEI Weizhi,SHI Jusong,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-inducedgeohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.
[44]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slopeinstabilities in the severest disaster areas of 5.12Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):39-49.
[45]Bishop A W.The Use of the Slip Circle in the StabilityAnalysis of Slopes[J].Geotechnique,1955,5(1):7-17.
[46]Janbu N.Slope Stability Computations[J].Embankment Dam Engineering,New York:John Wileyand Sons,1973:47-86.
[47]Morgenstern N R,Price V E.The Analysis of theStability of General Slip Surfaces[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(1):79-93.
[48]Sarma S K.Stability Analysis of Embankments andSlopes[J].Journal of the Geotechnical EngineeringDivision,ASCE,1979,105:1511-1524.
[49]Naylor D J.Finite elements and slope stability[A].Numerical method in geo-mechanics,Proc.NATOadvanced study institute[C],Lisbon,Portugal,1981:229-244.
[50]Donald I B,Giam S K.Application of the nodaldisplacement method to slope stability analysis[A].Proc.Fifth Australia-New Zealand Conf.on Geomech[C].Sydney,Australia,1988:456-460.
[51]Ugai K.A method of calculation of total factor of safetyof slope by elasto-plastic FEM[J].Soils andFoundations,1989,29(2):190-195.
[52]Ugai K,Leshchinsky D.Three-dimensional limitequilibrium and finiteelement analysis:a comparison ofresults[J].Soils and Foundations,1995,35(4):1-7.
[53]Matsui T,San K C.Slope stability analysis by shearstrength reduction technique[A].Proceeding of theInternational Conference on Computer Methods andAdvances in Geomechanics[C],Balkema,Rotterdam,1991:499-504.
[54]Matsui T,San K C.Finite element slope stabilityanalysis by shear strength reduction technique[J].Soilsand Foundation,1992,32(1):59-70.
[55]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381-3388.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application ofstrength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381-3388.
[56]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61,78.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,ZHANG Luyu.Slopestability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-61,78.
[57]葛修润,任建喜,李春光,等.三峡左厂3#坝段深层抗滑稳定三维有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(4):389-394.GE Xiurun,REN Jianxi,LI Chunguang,et al.3D-FEM analysis of deep sliding stability of 3#damfoundation of left power house of the Three Gorges[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(4):389-394.
[58]郑宏,李春光,李焯芬,等.求解安全系数的有限元法[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626-628.ZHENG Hong,LI Chunguang,LI Zhuofen,et al.Finiteelement method for solving the fator of safety[J].Chinese of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):626-628.
[59]王燕华,程文瀼,陆飞,等.地震模拟振动台的发展[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(5):53-56.WANG Yanhua,CHENG Wenrang,LU Fei,et al.Development of the shaking table[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(5):53-56.
[60]Williams M S,Blakeborough A.Laboratory testing ofstructures under dynamic loads:an introductory review[J].Phil.Trans R.Soc.Lond.A,2001,359(1786):1651-1669.
[61]黄浩华.地震模拟振动台的设计与应用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.HUANG Haohua.Design and application of the shakingtable[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2008.
[62]王思敬,张菊明.岩体结构稳定性的块体力学分析[J].地质科学,1980,1:19-33.WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.Block mechanicalanalysis of structure stability for rock mass[J].GeologyScience,1980,1:19-33.
[63]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,2:162-170.WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.Kinetics analysis ofslope rock mass stability[J].Geology Science,1982,2:162-170.
[64]Wang S J,Xue S Y,Maugeri M,et al.Dynamic stabilityof the left abutment in the Xiaolangdi project on theYellow River[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Assessmentand Prevention of Failure Phenomena in RockEngineering[C].Ankara:1993,5-7.
[65]Wang S J,Zhang J M.On the dynamic stability of blocksliding on rock slopes[A].In:Proc.Int.Cont.onRecent Advances in Geotechnical EarthquakeEngineering and Soil Dynamics[C].St.Louis:1984,431-434.
[66]王存玉.地震条件下二滩水库库坡稳定性研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.WANG Cunyu.Study on seismic stability of Ertanreservoir slope[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[67]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,GAO Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study of dynamiccharacteristics and dynamic response of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[68]徐光兴,姚令侃,李朝红,等.边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):918-923.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,LI Chaohong,et al.Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes andinfluence of ground motion parameters[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):918-923.
[69]Kumsar H,Aydan O,Ulusay R.Dynamic and staticstability assessment of rock slopes against wedge failures[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engrg,2000,33(1):31-51.
[70]Lin M L,Wang K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].EngineeringGeology,2006,86(2/3):118-133.
[71]Crawford A W,Curran J H.The influence of shearvelocity on the frictional resistance of rock discontinuities[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1981(18):505-515.
[72]Fox D J,Kana D D,Hsiung S M.Influence of interfaceroughness on dynamic shear behavior in jointed rock[J].Int J Rock Mech and Min Sci,1998,35(7):923-940.
[73]Yoshinaka R,Tran T V,Osada M.Non-linear,stressand strain dependent behavior of soft rocks under cyclictriaxial conditions[J].Int J Rock Mech and Min Sci,1998,35(7):941-955.
[74]石根华.数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.SHI Genhua.Numerical manifold method anddiscontinuous deformation analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1993.
[75]裴觉民,石根华.岩石滑坡体的动态稳定和非连续变形分析[J].水利学报,1993,24(3):28-34.PEI Juemin,SHI Genhua.Analysis of dynamic stabilityand discontinuous deformation of rock slope[J].Journalof Hydraulic Engineering,1993,24(3):28-34.
[76]龚晓南.土工计算机分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.GONG Xiaonan.Geotechnical computer analysis[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000.
[77]Clough R W and Chopra A K.Earthquake stressanalysis in earth dams[J].J.Engrg.Mech.,ASCE1966,92(EM2):51-60.
[78]Chopra A K.Earthquake response of earth dams[J].J.Soil Mech and Found Div,ASCE 1967,93(SM2):66-82.
[79]Ishizaki Hatekeyama.Consideration on the dynamicalbehavior of earth dams[R].Bul.No.52,DisasterPrevention Research Inst.,Kyoto Unvi.,1963.
[80]Medevedev S and Sinitsym A.Seismic effects on earthfill dams[A].In:Van Roekel J.H.eds.Proc.3rdworld Conf.Earthq.Engrg.[C],R.E.Owengovernment printer,Wellington,New Zealand,1965,Paper III:373-390.
[81]肖克强.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征及稳定性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.XIAO Keqiang.Study on deformation characteristics andstability of rock bedding slopes under earthquake[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,ChineseAcademy of Sciences,2006.
[82]Cundall P A.A computer model for simulatingprogressively large scale moments in blocky rock system[A].In:Proceedings of the International Symposium onRock Mech[C].ISRM,Nancy,1971,II-8:129-136.
[83]王泳嘉.离散单元法—一种适用于节理岩石力学分析的数值方法[A].第一届全国岩石力学数值计算及模型试验讨论会论文集[C].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1986.WANG Yongjia.DEM-a numerical method for analysisof jointed rock mass mechanics[A].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1986.
[84]Cundall P A.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinctelement model-Part I.A scheme to detect and representcontacts in system composed of many polyhedral blocks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Sci.&Geotech.,Abstr.,1988,25(3):107-116.
[85]Hart R,Cundall P A&Lemos J.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part II.Mechanicalcalculation for motion and interaction of a systemcomposed of many polyhedral blocks[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geotech.Abstr.1988,25(3):107-116.
[86]何蕴龙,陆述远,段亚辉.岩石边坡地震作用计算方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(4):35-38.HE Yunlong,LU Shuyuan,DUAN Yahui.Study oncalculation method of seismic effect on rock slope[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998,15(4):35-38.
[87]毛彦龙,胡广韬,赵法锁,等.地震导致斜坡变形破坏的启程动力学过程初探[J].地下空间,1999,19(5):416-419.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,ZHAO Fasuo,et al.Study on set-out kinetics process of landslide underearthquake[J].Underground Space,1999,19(5):416-419.
[88]毛彦龙,胡广韬,赵法锁,等.地震触发滑坡体滑动的机理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(4):45-48.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,ZHAO Fasuo,et al.Formation mechanism of landslide under earthquake[J].Journal of xi’an engineering institute,1998,20(4):45-48.
[89]彭定,陈玲玲.三峡船闸高边坡在地震作用下的稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(6):47-49.PENG Ding,Chen Lingling.Stability analysis on highslopes of TGP lock under seismic action[J].Journal ofYangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2001,18(6):47-49.
[90]徐卫亚,谢守益,徐瑞春,等.水布垭马崖高陡边坡三维数值模拟研究[J].武汉水利电力大学(宜昌)学报,1998,20(3):11-15.XU Weiya,XIE Shouyi,XU Ruichun,et al.Study onthree dimensional numerical simulation of Maya highslope on Shuibuya[J].Journal of Wuhan University ofHydraulic and Electrical Engineering,1998,20(3):11-15.
[91]蔡德所.地震输入波形对三峡工程左岸坝段的动力影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):183-187.CAI Desuo.Effects of earthquake input waves ondynamic response of dam segment of the left bank ofThree Gorges project[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):183-187.
[92]陶连金.节理岩体边坡的动力稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):23-38.TAO Lianjin.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rockslope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):23-38.
[93]赵坚.用UDEC模拟爆炸波在节理岩体中的传播[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(2):111-115.ZHAO Jian.Simulation of blast wave propagation injointed rock mass using UDEC[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology,2002,31(2):111-115.
[94]张丙印.昌马水库枢纽工程右岸岩石边坡稳定性的离散元分析[J].水力发电学报,2002,1:73-80.ZHANG Bingyin.Stability analysis of the rock slope ofChangma Reservoir’s right bank with discrete elementmethod[J].Journal of Hydrauelectric Engineering,2002,1:73-80.
[95]崔芳鹏.地震P-S波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.CUI Fangpeng.Study of collapsing and sliding responseof slope triggered by single and combined action withtime difference of P and S seismic waves[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology andGeophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,2009.
[96]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):455-462.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yuepin,et al.Numerical simulation of slope collapsing and sliding dueto single or combined actions of seismic p-and s-waveswith time difference[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(4):455-462.
[97]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319-327.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Discrete element analysis of collapsing and slidingresponse of slope triggered by time difference couplingeffects of p and s seismic waves-taking Tangjiashanlandslide in Beichuan county for example[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319-327.
[98]崔芳鹏,殷跃平,许强,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑响应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1266-1273.CUI Fangpeng,YIN Yueping,XU Qiang,et al.Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered bysingle and combined action with time difference of P andS seismic waves[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2010,32(8):1266-1273.
[99]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑高差效应研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):38-43.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Studyon difference in elevation response of slope collapsingand sliding triggered by seismic action[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2010,37(4):38-43.
[100]Lorig L,Brady B H G,Cundall P A.Hybrid distinctelement-boundary element analysis of jointed rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech,Abstr.,1986,23(4):303-312.
[101]Wang B L,Vinod K Garga.A numerical method formodeling large displacement of jointed rocks.I.Fundamentals[J].Can Geotech J,1993,30:96-108.
[102]Brady B H G,Cramer M L,Hart R D.Technical notepreliminary analysis of a loading test on a large basaltblock[J].Int.J.Rock Meck.Sc.&Geomech.,Abstr.,1985,22(5):345-348.
[103]Devin P,Zaninetti A.Validation of a distinct elementmodel for topping rock slopes[A].7th Int.Cont.,OnRock Mech[C],1995,1:417-421.
[104]Bouckovalas G D,Papadimitrioul A G.Numericalevaluation of slope topography effects on seismic groundmotion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7-10):547-558.
[105]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-556.LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time historyanalysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics.2003,24(4):553-556.
[106]Jibson R W,Harp E l and Michael J A.A method forproducing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazardmaps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):271-289.
[107]Zhang Chunhan,Pekau O A,Jin Feng,et al.Application of distinct element method in dynamicanalysis of high rock slopes and blocky structures[J].Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering,1997,16(6):385-394.
[108]陈云敏,柯瀚,凌道盛.城市垃圾填埋体的动力特性及地震响应[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(3):66-72.KE Yunmin,KE Han,LING Daosheng.Dynamicproperties and seismic response of municipal solid waste[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(3):66-72.
[109]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792-2796.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(16):2792-2796.
[110]杜晓丽.地震荷载作用下岩质边坡稳定性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.DU Xiaoli.Study on rock slope stability in earthquakeload[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science andTechnology,2008.
[2]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.YIN Yueping.Research on the geo-hazards triggered byWenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.
[3]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1988.
[4]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[5]殷跃平.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.YIN Yueping.Introduction of seismic geology andlandslide hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[6]Keefer D K and Wilson R C.Predicting earthquake-induced landslides with emphasis on arid and semi-aridenvironments[A].in Sadler P M,and Morton D M.eds.Landslides in a semi-arid environment withemphasis on the inland Valleys of Southern California[C].California:Publications of the Inland GeologicalSociety,1989,2:118-149.
[7]Richter C F.Elementary seismology[M].SanFrancisco:W H.Freeman and Co.,1958.
[8]Prestininzi A and Romeo R.Earthquake—inducedground failures in Italy[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):387-397.
[9]Papadopoulos G A,and Plessa A.Magnitude-distancerelations for earthquake-induced landslide in Greece[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):377-386.
[10]Keefer D K.Statistical analysis of an earthquake-inducelandslide distribution-the 1989 Loma Prieta,Californiaevent[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):231-249.
[11]Rodriguez C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.Earthquake-induced landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquake Engineering,1999,18:325-346.
[12]Mario Parise,Randall W,Jibson.A seismic landslidesusceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis ofcharacteristics of landslides triggered by the 17 January,1994 Northridge,California earthquake[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,58:251-270.
[13]Julian J B,Carlos E,Rodriguez.Earthquake-inducedlandslides in Central America[J].Engineering Geology,2002,63:189-220.
[14]周本刚,王裕明.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95-103.ZHOU Bengang,WANG Yuming.Some characteristicsof earthquake-induced landslide in Southwestern China.Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95-103.
[15]薛守义.岩体边坡动力性研究[D].北京:中国科技大学,1989.XUE Shouyi.Study on dynamic response of rock slope[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology ofChina,1989.
[16]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测探讨[A].滑坡文集(第二集)[C].北京:中国铁道出版社,1979,127-132.LI Tianchi.Discussion on relationship betweenearthquake and landslide and earthquake-inducedlandslide predication[A].Landslide Collected Works(Volume No.2)[C].Beijing:China RailwayPublishing House,1979,127-132.
[17]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591-594.XIN Hongbo,WANG Yuqing.Earthquake-inducedlandslide and avalanche[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):591-594.
[18]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及分布特征[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25-30.SUN Chongshao,CAI Hongwei.Developing anddistributing characteristics of collapses and landslidesduring strong historic earthquake in China[J].Journalof Natural Disasters,1997,6(1):25-30.
[19]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18(4):64-70.LI Zhongsheng.The state of the art of the research onseismic landslide hazard at home and abroad[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2003,18(4):64-70.
[20]尹光华,李军,张勇,等.尼勒克地震滑坡的统计分析及初步研究[J].内陆地震,2001,15(1):56-63.YIN Guanghua,LI Jun,ZHANG Yong,et al.Statistical analysis and research of landslides caused byNileke Earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake,2001,15(1):56-63.
[21]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,等.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475-480.DING Yanhui,WANG Yuqing,SUN Jinzhong,et al.Research on the method for prediction of earthquakeinduced landslides and its application to engineeringprojects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):475-480.
[22]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,等.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311-314.WANG Yuqing,XIN Hongbo,GAO Yanping,et al.Study on comprehensive index method for predictingearthquake-induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(3):311-314.
[23]杨涛,邓荣贵,刘小丽,等.四川地区地震崩塌滑坡的基本特征及危险性分区[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):456-460.YANG Tao,DENG Ronggui,LIU Xiaoli,et al.Thedistributing and subarea character of the seismiclandslides in Sichuan[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2002,20(4):456-460.
[24]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,张明,等.重庆小南海地震崩滑体的基本特征及形成机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):167-174.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,ZHANG Ming,et al.Basiccharacteristics and formation mechanism of collapsed andslided debris mass induced by xiaonanhai earth-quake inChongqing city[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):167-174.
[25]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.ZHOU Weiyuan.Higher rock mechanics[M].Beijing:Water Resources and Electric Power Publishing,1990.
[26]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,WANG Lansheng.Engineering geology analysis principle[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[27]胡光韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.HU Guangtao.Dynamic landslide[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995.
[28]胡广韬,毛彦龙,程谦恭,等.地震时滑坡体波动震荡的启程加速动力学问题[R].西安:西安工程学院,1997.HU Guangtao,MAO Yanlong,CHENG Qiangong,etal.Set-out violent-slide dynamic problems of slopeshaking during an earthquake[R].Xi'an:Xi'anEngineering University,1997.
[29]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机理研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质报,2001,9(1):74-80.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,MAO Xinhu.et al.Mechanism of set-out violent-slide of slope mass duringearthquake and its simulation by using discrete elementmethod[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74-80.
[30]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.YIN Yueping.Fearures of landslides triggered by theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):29-38.
[31]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-166.YIN Yueping.Rapid and long run-out features oflandslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153-166.
[32]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,17(12):2585-2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on developmentand distribution rules of geohazards induced bywenchuan earthquake on 12th may,2008[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,17(12):2585-2592.
[33]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Fault effect analysis of geo-hazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.
[34]黄润秋,许强,等.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang.Catastrophic landslides inChina[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[35]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.HUANG Runqiu,PEI Xiangjun,LI Tianbin,et al.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of thelargest scale landslide at Daguangbao occurred during theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(6):730-741.
[36]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics charateristics oflarge landlides triggered by may 12th WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721-729.
[37]伍法权,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.5.12汶川地震地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.WU Faquan,HU Ruilin,YUE Zhongqi,et al.Geohazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[38]付碧宏,王萍,孔屏,等.中国汶川“5.12”8.0级大地震地震地质灾害图集[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.FU Bihong,WANG Ping,KONG Ping,et al.Atlas ofgeo-hazard triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2009.
[39]崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等.5.12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J].山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,HE Siming,et al.Mountain Disasters Induced by the Earthquake of May 12in Wenchuan and the Disasters Mitigation[J].Journalof Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280-282.
[40]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.TANG Chuan,LIANG Jingtao.Characteristics of debrisflows in Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquaketriggered by rainstorm on Septermber 24,2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):751-758.
[41]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.WANG Yunsheng,LUO Yonghong,JI Feng,et al.Analysis of the controlling factors on geo-hazard inmountainous epicenter zones of the WenchuanEarthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):759-763.
[42]赵纪生,魏景芝,吴景发,等.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):379-383.ZHAO Jisheng,WEI Jingzhi,WU Jingfa,et al.Mechanism of landslide and rockfall caused byWenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake[J].Technology forEarthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(4):379-383.
[43]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-116.ZHANG Yongshuang,LEI Weizhi,SHI Jusong,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-inducedgeohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.
[44]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slopeinstabilities in the severest disaster areas of 5.12Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):39-49.
[45]Bishop A W.The Use of the Slip Circle in the StabilityAnalysis of Slopes[J].Geotechnique,1955,5(1):7-17.
[46]Janbu N.Slope Stability Computations[J].Embankment Dam Engineering,New York:John Wileyand Sons,1973:47-86.
[47]Morgenstern N R,Price V E.The Analysis of theStability of General Slip Surfaces[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(1):79-93.
[48]Sarma S K.Stability Analysis of Embankments andSlopes[J].Journal of the Geotechnical EngineeringDivision,ASCE,1979,105:1511-1524.
[49]Naylor D J.Finite elements and slope stability[A].Numerical method in geo-mechanics,Proc.NATOadvanced study institute[C],Lisbon,Portugal,1981:229-244.
[50]Donald I B,Giam S K.Application of the nodaldisplacement method to slope stability analysis[A].Proc.Fifth Australia-New Zealand Conf.on Geomech[C].Sydney,Australia,1988:456-460.
[51]Ugai K.A method of calculation of total factor of safetyof slope by elasto-plastic FEM[J].Soils andFoundations,1989,29(2):190-195.
[52]Ugai K,Leshchinsky D.Three-dimensional limitequilibrium and finiteelement analysis:a comparison ofresults[J].Soils and Foundations,1995,35(4):1-7.
[53]Matsui T,San K C.Slope stability analysis by shearstrength reduction technique[A].Proceeding of theInternational Conference on Computer Methods andAdvances in Geomechanics[C],Balkema,Rotterdam,1991:499-504.
[54]Matsui T,San K C.Finite element slope stabilityanalysis by shear strength reduction technique[J].Soilsand Foundation,1992,32(1):59-70.
[55]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381-3388.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application ofstrength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381-3388.
[56]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61,78.ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,ZHANG Luyu.Slopestability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-61,78.
[57]葛修润,任建喜,李春光,等.三峡左厂3#坝段深层抗滑稳定三维有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(4):389-394.GE Xiurun,REN Jianxi,LI Chunguang,et al.3D-FEM analysis of deep sliding stability of 3#damfoundation of left power house of the Three Gorges[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(4):389-394.
[58]郑宏,李春光,李焯芬,等.求解安全系数的有限元法[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626-628.ZHENG Hong,LI Chunguang,LI Zhuofen,et al.Finiteelement method for solving the fator of safety[J].Chinese of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):626-628.
[59]王燕华,程文瀼,陆飞,等.地震模拟振动台的发展[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(5):53-56.WANG Yanhua,CHENG Wenrang,LU Fei,et al.Development of the shaking table[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(5):53-56.
[60]Williams M S,Blakeborough A.Laboratory testing ofstructures under dynamic loads:an introductory review[J].Phil.Trans R.Soc.Lond.A,2001,359(1786):1651-1669.
[61]黄浩华.地震模拟振动台的设计与应用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.HUANG Haohua.Design and application of the shakingtable[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,2008.
[62]王思敬,张菊明.岩体结构稳定性的块体力学分析[J].地质科学,1980,1:19-33.WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.Block mechanicalanalysis of structure stability for rock mass[J].GeologyScience,1980,1:19-33.
[63]王思敬,张菊明.边坡岩体滑动稳定的动力学分析[J].地质科学,1982,2:162-170.WANG Sijing,ZHANG Juming.Kinetics analysis ofslope rock mass stability[J].Geology Science,1982,2:162-170.
[64]Wang S J,Xue S Y,Maugeri M,et al.Dynamic stabilityof the left abutment in the Xiaolangdi project on theYellow River[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Assessmentand Prevention of Failure Phenomena in RockEngineering[C].Ankara:1993,5-7.
[65]Wang S J,Zhang J M.On the dynamic stability of blocksliding on rock slopes[A].In:Proc.Int.Cont.onRecent Advances in Geotechnical EarthquakeEngineering and Soil Dynamics[C].St.Louis:1984,431-434.
[66]王存玉.地震条件下二滩水库库坡稳定性研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.WANG Cunyu.Study on seismic stability of Ertanreservoir slope[M].Beijing:Science Press,1987.
[67]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,GAO Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study of dynamiccharacteristics and dynamic response of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[68]徐光兴,姚令侃,李朝红,等.边坡地震动力响应规律及地震动参数影响研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):918-923.XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,LI Chaohong,et al.Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes andinfluence of ground motion parameters[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):918-923.
[69]Kumsar H,Aydan O,Ulusay R.Dynamic and staticstability assessment of rock slopes against wedge failures[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engrg,2000,33(1):31-51.
[70]Lin M L,Wang K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].EngineeringGeology,2006,86(2/3):118-133.
[71]Crawford A W,Curran J H.The influence of shearvelocity on the frictional resistance of rock discontinuities[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1981(18):505-515.
[72]Fox D J,Kana D D,Hsiung S M.Influence of interfaceroughness on dynamic shear behavior in jointed rock[J].Int J Rock Mech and Min Sci,1998,35(7):923-940.
[73]Yoshinaka R,Tran T V,Osada M.Non-linear,stressand strain dependent behavior of soft rocks under cyclictriaxial conditions[J].Int J Rock Mech and Min Sci,1998,35(7):941-955.
[74]石根华.数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993.SHI Genhua.Numerical manifold method anddiscontinuous deformation analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1993.
[75]裴觉民,石根华.岩石滑坡体的动态稳定和非连续变形分析[J].水利学报,1993,24(3):28-34.PEI Juemin,SHI Genhua.Analysis of dynamic stabilityand discontinuous deformation of rock slope[J].Journalof Hydraulic Engineering,1993,24(3):28-34.
[76]龚晓南.土工计算机分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.GONG Xiaonan.Geotechnical computer analysis[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000.
[77]Clough R W and Chopra A K.Earthquake stressanalysis in earth dams[J].J.Engrg.Mech.,ASCE1966,92(EM2):51-60.
[78]Chopra A K.Earthquake response of earth dams[J].J.Soil Mech and Found Div,ASCE 1967,93(SM2):66-82.
[79]Ishizaki Hatekeyama.Consideration on the dynamicalbehavior of earth dams[R].Bul.No.52,DisasterPrevention Research Inst.,Kyoto Unvi.,1963.
[80]Medevedev S and Sinitsym A.Seismic effects on earthfill dams[A].In:Van Roekel J.H.eds.Proc.3rdworld Conf.Earthq.Engrg.[C],R.E.Owengovernment printer,Wellington,New Zealand,1965,Paper III:373-390.
[81]肖克强.地震荷载作用下顺层岩体边坡变形特征及稳定性研究[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.XIAO Keqiang.Study on deformation characteristics andstability of rock bedding slopes under earthquake[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,ChineseAcademy of Sciences,2006.
[82]Cundall P A.A computer model for simulatingprogressively large scale moments in blocky rock system[A].In:Proceedings of the International Symposium onRock Mech[C].ISRM,Nancy,1971,II-8:129-136.
[83]王泳嘉.离散单元法—一种适用于节理岩石力学分析的数值方法[A].第一届全国岩石力学数值计算及模型试验讨论会论文集[C].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1986.WANG Yongjia.DEM-a numerical method for analysisof jointed rock mass mechanics[A].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1986.
[84]Cundall P A.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinctelement model-Part I.A scheme to detect and representcontacts in system composed of many polyhedral blocks[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Sci.&Geotech.,Abstr.,1988,25(3):107-116.
[85]Hart R,Cundall P A&Lemos J.Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part II.Mechanicalcalculation for motion and interaction of a systemcomposed of many polyhedral blocks[J].Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.&Geotech.Abstr.1988,25(3):107-116.
[86]何蕴龙,陆述远,段亚辉.岩石边坡地震作用计算方法研究[J].长江科学院院报,1998,15(4):35-38.HE Yunlong,LU Shuyuan,DUAN Yahui.Study oncalculation method of seismic effect on rock slope[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,1998,15(4):35-38.
[87]毛彦龙,胡广韬,赵法锁,等.地震导致斜坡变形破坏的启程动力学过程初探[J].地下空间,1999,19(5):416-419.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,ZHAO Fasuo,et al.Study on set-out kinetics process of landslide underearthquake[J].Underground Space,1999,19(5):416-419.
[88]毛彦龙,胡广韬,赵法锁,等.地震触发滑坡体滑动的机理[J].西安工程学院学报,1998,20(4):45-48.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,ZHAO Fasuo,et al.Formation mechanism of landslide under earthquake[J].Journal of xi’an engineering institute,1998,20(4):45-48.
[89]彭定,陈玲玲.三峡船闸高边坡在地震作用下的稳定性分析[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(6):47-49.PENG Ding,Chen Lingling.Stability analysis on highslopes of TGP lock under seismic action[J].Journal ofYangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2001,18(6):47-49.
[90]徐卫亚,谢守益,徐瑞春,等.水布垭马崖高陡边坡三维数值模拟研究[J].武汉水利电力大学(宜昌)学报,1998,20(3):11-15.XU Weiya,XIE Shouyi,XU Ruichun,et al.Study onthree dimensional numerical simulation of Maya highslope on Shuibuya[J].Journal of Wuhan University ofHydraulic and Electrical Engineering,1998,20(3):11-15.
[91]蔡德所.地震输入波形对三峡工程左岸坝段的动力影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):183-187.CAI Desuo.Effects of earthquake input waves ondynamic response of dam segment of the left bank ofThree Gorges project[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):183-187.
[92]陶连金.节理岩体边坡的动力稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):23-38.TAO Lianjin.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rockslope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):23-38.
[93]赵坚.用UDEC模拟爆炸波在节理岩体中的传播[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(2):111-115.ZHAO Jian.Simulation of blast wave propagation injointed rock mass using UDEC[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology,2002,31(2):111-115.
[94]张丙印.昌马水库枢纽工程右岸岩石边坡稳定性的离散元分析[J].水力发电学报,2002,1:73-80.ZHANG Bingyin.Stability analysis of the rock slope ofChangma Reservoir’s right bank with discrete elementmethod[J].Journal of Hydrauelectric Engineering,2002,1:73-80.
[95]崔芳鹏.地震P-S波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.CUI Fangpeng.Study of collapsing and sliding responseof slope triggered by single and combined action withtime difference of P and S seismic waves[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology andGeophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,2009.
[96]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(4):455-462.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yuepin,et al.Numerical simulation of slope collapsing and sliding dueto single or combined actions of seismic p-and s-waveswith time difference[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(4):455-462.
[97]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319-327.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Discrete element analysis of collapsing and slidingresponse of slope triggered by time difference couplingeffects of p and s seismic waves-taking Tangjiashanlandslide in Beichuan county for example[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319-327.
[98]崔芳鹏,殷跃平,许强,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑响应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1266-1273.CUI Fangpeng,YIN Yueping,XU Qiang,et al.Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered bysingle and combined action with time difference of P andS seismic waves[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2010,32(8):1266-1273.
[99]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑高差效应研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(4):38-43.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Studyon difference in elevation response of slope collapsingand sliding triggered by seismic action[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2010,37(4):38-43.
[100]Lorig L,Brady B H G,Cundall P A.Hybrid distinctelement-boundary element analysis of jointed rock[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech,Abstr.,1986,23(4):303-312.
[101]Wang B L,Vinod K Garga.A numerical method formodeling large displacement of jointed rocks.I.Fundamentals[J].Can Geotech J,1993,30:96-108.
[102]Brady B H G,Cramer M L,Hart R D.Technical notepreliminary analysis of a loading test on a large basaltblock[J].Int.J.Rock Meck.Sc.&Geomech.,Abstr.,1985,22(5):345-348.
[103]Devin P,Zaninetti A.Validation of a distinct elementmodel for topping rock slopes[A].7th Int.Cont.,OnRock Mech[C],1995,1:417-421.
[104]Bouckovalas G D,Papadimitrioul A G.Numericalevaluation of slope topography effects on seismic groundmotion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7-10):547-558.
[105]刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003,24(4):553-556.LIU Hanlong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time historyanalysis method of slope seismic stability[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics.2003,24(4):553-556.
[106]Jibson R W,Harp E l and Michael J A.A method forproducing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazardmaps[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3-4):271-289.
[107]Zhang Chunhan,Pekau O A,Jin Feng,et al.Application of distinct element method in dynamicanalysis of high rock slopes and blocky structures[J].Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering,1997,16(6):385-394.
[108]陈云敏,柯瀚,凌道盛.城市垃圾填埋体的动力特性及地震响应[J].土木工程学报,2002,35(3):66-72.KE Yunmin,KE Han,LING Daosheng.Dynamicproperties and seismic response of municipal solid waste[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2002,35(3):66-72.
[109]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792-2796.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering geology analysis on stability of slope underearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(16):2792-2796.
[110]杜晓丽.地震荷载作用下岩质边坡稳定性研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.DU Xiaoli.Study on rock slope stability in earthquakeload[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science andTechnology,2008.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心