汶川地震中木结构古建筑的震害调查与分析
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摘要
根据对四川省都江堰、广元、彭州等灾区的木结构古建筑震害的调查结果以及相关研究资料,通过分类与统计的方法,得到其不同破坏程度所占的比例,归纳出其典型震害特征,并对其成因进行了分析。分析结果表明:木结构古建筑抵抗低烈度地震扰动的能力较弱,非结构构件破坏所占的比例很大,但其所采用的榫卯节点、柱脚"平摆浮搁"以及斗拱等特殊的连接方式,起到了减震耗能作用,保证了木结构古建筑整体具有较好的抗震能力,严重损坏者较少。然而,部分古建筑由于后期改造不当、年久失修和山体滑坡等原因,仍然发生了整体或部分倒塌。由此得到一些启示:不符合古建筑受力机理的改造,会加重其震害程度。
According to the seismic damage classification and statistics of Chinese ancient timber buildings located in Dujiangyan,Guangyuan,Pengzhou,etc.in Sichuan province,as well as relevant research results,the proportions of different damage degrees and characteristics of typical seismic damage are summarized,while seismic damage origin is analyzed.Analysis results indicate that the seismic performance of these buildings in high-intensity earthquake is better than those in low-intensity zone,because of some special techniques such as mortise-tendon joints flat swing and floating positioning.The majority of Chinese ancient timber buildings were only slightly damaged with nonstructural components,while the minority of the buildings was damaged seriously.But some Chinese ancient timber buildings collapsed partly or integrally for the reason of improper transformation,disrepair or landslide.Based on this research,it is revealed that improper transformations will increase the seismic damage.
According to the seismic damage classification and statistics of Chinese ancient timber buildings located in Dujiangyan,Guangyuan,Pengzhou,etc.in Sichuan province,as well as relevant research results,the proportions of different damage degrees and characteristics of typical seismic damage are summarized,while seismic damage origin is analyzed.Analysis results indicate that the seismic performance of these buildings in high-intensity earthquake is better than those in low-intensity zone,because of some special techniques such as mortise-tendon joints flat swing and floating positioning.The majority of Chinese ancient timber buildings were only slightly damaged with nonstructural components,while the minority of the buildings was damaged seriously.But some Chinese ancient timber buildings collapsed partly or integrally for the reason of improper transformation,disrepair or landslide.Based on this research,it is revealed that improper transformations will increase the seismic damage.
引文
[1]“5.12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组.“5.12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告[J].四川地震,2009,总131期:42～47.
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[2]张鹏程,赵鸿铁.中国古代建筑抗震[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[3]潘毅,赵世春,余志祥,刘成清.对汶川地震灾区文化遗产建筑震害与保护的几点思考[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2010,42(S1):82～85.
[4]赵世春,潘毅,等.青城山宗教建筑结构震害调查与分析[R].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2008.
[5]四川省文物局.四川汶川地震灾后文化遗产抢救保护年度工作报告[R].成都:四川省文物局,2009,5.
[6]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,纪金豹.汶川地震导致的古建筑震害[J].文物保护与考古科学,2010,22(1):37～45.
[7]杨亚弟,杜景林,李桂荣.古建筑震害特性分析[J].世界地震工程,2000,16(3):12～16.
[8]姚侃,赵鸿铁.木构古建筑柱与柱础的摩擦滑移隔震机理研究[J].工程力学,2006,23,(8):127～129.
[9]隋龑,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,谢启芳,吴磊.中国古建筑木结构铺作层与柱架抗震试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):50～57.
[10]谢启芳,薛建阳,赵鸿铁.汶川地震中古建筑的震害调查与启示[J].建筑结构学报(增刊2),2010,S2:18～23.
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