高心墙堆石坝地震反应复合模型研究
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摘要
高土石坝抗震分析得到国内外学者的极大关注。采用土工离心机振动台模型试验和动力数值模拟技术相结合的复合模型方法来研究高心墙堆石坝地震反应特性。首先对不等比尺的离心模型试验结果进行数值模拟,以验证数值计算模型和确定计算参数,然后用数值方法对离心模型试验结果进行拓展和外延,推广到等比尺和原型情况。对比分析了高心墙堆石坝地震加速度放大系数、地震残余变形、防渗墙动应力和破坏模式。计算值与试验值变化规律一致,表明复合模型是研究高心墙堆石坝地震反应特性一种行之有效的方法,(40～50)g离心机振动台模型试验基本上可以反映高土石坝的地震反应特性。
The aseismic analysis of high earth-rockfill dams has been widely concerned.The combined model method of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests and dynamic numerical simulation is used to study the seismic responses of high core rock-fill dams.Firstly,the results of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with different scales are simulated numerically.The calculation model is examined and verified,and the relevant parameters are determined.Then,the results of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests are extended to those of the dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with equal stress and prototype by means of numerical method.The amplification coefficient of accelerations,residual deformation of dams,stress of concrete diaphragm walls and mode of failure of high core rock-fill dams are compared and analyzed.The numerical results are in agreement with the test ones.It is indicated that the combined model and the dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with 40g ~50g can be used to study the seismic responses of high earth-rockfill dams.
The aseismic analysis of high earth-rockfill dams has been widely concerned.The combined model method of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests and dynamic numerical simulation is used to study the seismic responses of high core rock-fill dams.Firstly,the results of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with different scales are simulated numerically.The calculation model is examined and verified,and the relevant parameters are determined.Then,the results of dynamic centrifuge modelling tests are extended to those of the dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with equal stress and prototype by means of numerical method.The amplification coefficient of accelerations,residual deformation of dams,stress of concrete diaphragm walls and mode of failure of high core rock-fill dams are compared and analyzed.The numerical results are in agreement with the test ones.It is indicated that the combined model and the dynamic centrifuge modelling tests with 40g ~50g can be used to study the seismic responses of high earth-rockfill dams.
引文
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[8]王年香,章为民,顾行文,等.长河坝动力离心模型试验研究[J].水力发电,2009,35(5):67-70.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min,GU Xing-wen,et al.Dynamic centrifuge model test for Changhe Dam[J].Water Power,2009,35(5):67-70.(in Chinese))
[9]ARULANANDAN K,ANANDRAJAH A,ABGHARI A.Centrifuge modeling of soil liquefaction susceptibility[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1983,109(3):281-300.
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[11]朱百里,沈珠江.计算土力学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.(ZHU Bai-li,SHEN Zhu-jiang.Computational soil mechanics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[12]陈国兴,谢君斐,张克绪.土坝震害和抗震分析评述[J].世界地震工程,1994,10(3):24-33.(CHEN Guo-xing,XIE Jun-fei,ZHANG Ke-xu.Review on the earthquake damage and aseismic analysis of earth dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1994,10(3):24-33.(in Chinese))
[13]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1489-1495.(KONG Xian-jing,ZOU De-gao,DENG Xue-jing,et al.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure of high earth-rockfill dams and effectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1489-1495.(in Chinese))
[14]章为民,王年香,顾行文,等.土石坝坝顶加固的永久变形机理及离心模型试验验证[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(1):22-27.(ZHANG Wei-min,WANG Nian-xiang,GU Xing-wen,et al.Deformation mechanism study of top reinforcement of the earth-rock-fill dam and its verification by the centrifuge model test[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011(1):22-27.(in Chinese))
[2]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795-801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wei-min.Analysis of effects of“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake on Zipingpu Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795-801.(in Chinese))
[3]ARULANADAN K,MANZARI M,ZENG X,et al.What the VELACS project has revealed[C]//Proceedings of Centrifuge 94.Rotterdam:Balkema A A,1994:25-32.
[4]王年香,章为民.离心机振动台模型试验的原理和应用[J].水利水电科技进展,2008,28(增刊1):48-51.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Principle and application of centrifuge shaker model test[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2008,28(S1):48-51.(in Chinese))
[5]南京水利科学研究院土工研究所.土工试验技术手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.(Geotechnical Engineering Department of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Technical manual of soil experimentation[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]章为民,赖忠中,徐光明.电液式土工离心机振动台的研制[J].水利水运工程学报,2002(1):63-66.(ZHANG Wei-min,LAI Zhong-zhong,XU Guang-ming.Development of an electrohydraulic shake table for the centrifuge[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2002(1):63-66.(in Chinese))
[7]王年香,章为民.混凝土面板堆石坝动态离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(4):504-507.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min.Dynamic centrifuge model test for concrete face rock fill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(4):504-507.(in Chinese))
[8]王年香,章为民,顾行文,等.长河坝动力离心模型试验研究[J].水力发电,2009,35(5):67-70.(WANG Nian-xiang,ZHANG Wei-min,GU Xing-wen,et al.Dynamic centrifuge model test for Changhe Dam[J].Water Power,2009,35(5):67-70.(in Chinese))
[9]ARULANANDAN K,ANANDRAJAH A,ABGHARI A.Centrifuge modeling of soil liquefaction susceptibility[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1983,109(3):281-300.
[10]章为民,日下部治.砂性地基地震反应离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):28-31.(ZHANG Wei-min,KUSAKABE O.Dynamic centrifuge model test of sandy layer[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):28-31.(in Chinese))
[11]朱百里,沈珠江.计算土力学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990.(ZHU Bai-li,SHEN Zhu-jiang.Computational soil mechanics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[12]陈国兴,谢君斐,张克绪.土坝震害和抗震分析评述[J].世界地震工程,1994,10(3):24-33.(CHEN Guo-xing,XIE Jun-fei,ZHANG Ke-xu.Review on the earthquake damage and aseismic analysis of earth dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1994,10(3):24-33.(in Chinese))
[13]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1489-1495.(KONG Xian-jing,ZOU De-gao,DENG Xue-jing,et al.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure of high earth-rockfill dams and effectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1489-1495.(in Chinese))
[14]章为民,王年香,顾行文,等.土石坝坝顶加固的永久变形机理及离心模型试验验证[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(1):22-27.(ZHANG Wei-min,WANG Nian-xiang,GU Xing-wen,et al.Deformation mechanism study of top reinforcement of the earth-rock-fill dam and its verification by the centrifuge model test[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2011(1):22-27.(in Chinese))
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