近断层地震滑冲效应下风力发电塔动力响应和振动控制试验研究
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摘要
为研究近断层地震滑冲效应脉冲对大功率风力发电塔架结构的影响及应对措施,以丹麦某3MW风力发电塔为原型制作缩尺模型并设计相应滚球减振器进行模拟地震振动台试验研究,考察其非线性动力响应及振动控制装置的有效性.选取具有滑冲效应脉冲的1999年Chi-Chi地震TCU052台站记录及其过滤修正记录作为输入,对比分析不同输入下无控制装置时模型的响应并建立试验模型的有限元模型对比数值计算结果和试验结果;考察设置滚球减振器后模型在有滑冲效应脉冲记录下的响应,对比分析了在总重相等时单个滚球和多个滚球布置方案下减振器的减振效果.研究表明:近断层地震滑冲效应脉冲使得结构响应明显增大,建造在地震带上的大功率风电机组设计时宜考虑其不利影响;设置滚球减振器可有效减小塔架结构响应均方差30%～40%,且多个滚球布置方案优于单个滚球.
Shaking table tests of a 1∶20scale model of a 3 MW wind turbine tower were carried out under the excitation of near-fault ground motion with fling step.Rolling-ball vibration absorbers were designed to mitigate the tower's dynamic response.A record with fling step from 1999Chi-Chi earthquake at TCU052station was chosen and the record without fling step was obtained by filtering the former record through a 4th order Butterworth filter.The nonlinear dynamic responses of the model without absorber were studied and compared with the results from finite element analysis.Then,the effectiveness of oneball vibration absorber and multi-ball vibration absorber with the same total weight was examined under the excitation of the record with fling step.The results show that the near-fault ground motion with fling step greatly magnifies the tower's responses.It should be noted that this effect cannot be neglected when a wind turbine tower is designed and constructed in seismic zones.The ball vibration absorbers can reduce the standard deviations of dynamic responses to about 60%～70% of those without absorber.The performance of the multi-ball vibration absorber is superior to that of one-ball vibration absorber.
Shaking table tests of a 1∶20scale model of a 3 MW wind turbine tower were carried out under the excitation of near-fault ground motion with fling step.Rolling-ball vibration absorbers were designed to mitigate the tower's dynamic response.A record with fling step from 1999Chi-Chi earthquake at TCU052station was chosen and the record without fling step was obtained by filtering the former record through a 4th order Butterworth filter.The nonlinear dynamic responses of the model without absorber were studied and compared with the results from finite element analysis.Then,the effectiveness of oneball vibration absorber and multi-ball vibration absorber with the same total weight was examined under the excitation of the record with fling step.The results show that the near-fault ground motion with fling step greatly magnifies the tower's responses.It should be noted that this effect cannot be neglected when a wind turbine tower is designed and constructed in seismic zones.The ball vibration absorbers can reduce the standard deviations of dynamic responses to about 60%～70% of those without absorber.The performance of the multi-ball vibration absorber is superior to that of one-ball vibration absorber.
引文
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[14]PIRNER M.Actual behaviour of a ball vibration absorber[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynam-ics,2002,90(8):987-1005.
[2]祝磊,石原孟.日本《风力发电设备支持物构造设计指针及解说》(2010)简介[J].特种结构,2012,28(6):17-19.ZHU Lei,SHI Yuan-meng.Summary of guidelines for designof wind turbine support structures and foundations(2010)inJapan[J].Special Structures,2012,28(6):17-19.(In Chi-nese)
[3]BAZEOS N,HATZIGEORGIOU G D,HONDROS I D,etal.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototype windturbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structures,2002,24(8):1015-1025.
[4]LAVASSAS I,NIKOLAIDIS G,ZERVAS P,et al.Analysisand design of the prototype of a steel 1-MW wind turbine tow-er[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(8):1097-1106.
[5]PROWELL I,VELETZOS M,ELGAMAL A,et al.Experi-mental and numerical seismic response of a 65kW wind turbine[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2009,13(8):1172-1190.
[6]贺广零,周勇,李杰.风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析[J].工程力学,2009,26(7):72-77.HE Guang-ling,ZHOU Yong,LI Jie.Seismic analysis ofwind turbine system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(7):72-77.(In Chinese)
[7]李爽,谢礼立.近场问题的研究现状与发展方向[J].地震学报,2007,29(1):102-111.LI Shuang,XIE Li-li.Progress and trend on near field prob-lems in civil engineering[J].Acta Seismo-Logica Sinica,2007,29(1):102-111.(In Chinese)
[8]杨迪雄,潘建伟,李刚.近断层脉冲型地震动作用下建筑结构的层间变形分布特征和机理分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(4):108-118.YANG Di-xiong,PAN Jian-wei,LI Gang.Deformational dis-tribution feature and mechanism analysis of building structuressubjected to near-fault pulse-type ground motions[J].Journalof Building Structures,2009,30(4):108-118.(In Chinese)
[9]MAKRIS N,CHANG S P.Effects of viscous,viscoplastic andfriction damping on the response of seismic isolated structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2000,29(1):85-107.
[10]CLOUGH R W,PENZIEN J.Dynamics of structures[M].3rd ed.Berkeley:Computers&Structures,Inc,2003:73-77.
[11]李旭,Carlos Estuardo Ventura,何敏娟.近断层地震动对高层建筑结构抗震性能的影响[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(1):14-21.LI X,VENTURA C E,HE M J.Seismic performance assess-ment of high rise buildings subjected to near-fault ground mo-tion with fling effects[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natu-ral Science,2012,40(1):14-21.(In Chinese)
[12]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB 50011—2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Bei-jing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.(In Chinese)
[13]马人乐,马跃强,刘慧群,等.风电机组塔筒模态的环境脉动实测与数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(5):152-155.MA Ren-le,MA Yue-qiang,LIU Hui-qun,et al.Ambient vi-bration test and numerical simulation for modes of wind turbinetowers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(5):152-155.(In Chinese)
[14]PIRNER M.Actual behaviour of a ball vibration absorber[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynam-ics,2002,90(8):987-1005.
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