地震力作用下基覆边坡模型试验研究
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摘要
以汶川灾区实地考察资料为背景,选择宇宫庙滑坡为参照,制作了模型试验台,在量纲分析的基础上,对主要参数做了相似理论研究,并采用水下爆炸的方式来模拟地震波(近场)进行了大量模型试验。结果表明:基覆边坡在地震力作用下的破坏模式是浅表层张拉而导致表层松散体流坍,且地震加速度随着药量(地震烈度)的增加而呈递增趋势,重力墙、桩板墙等支挡结构对于基覆边坡的作用明显。其结论将为铁路、公路沿线的高陡边坡分析和研究提供一定的依据。
According to the site investigation of Wenchuan disaster area's statistics data as the background,the experiment model is made selecting Yugongmiao slope as the reference.The similarities of main parameters are analyzed based on dimensional analysis.The underwater blasting is used to simulate seismic wave(near-field),and a large number of model tests are conducted.The results show that the failure model of bedrock and overburden layer slope under seismic loading is surface loose media flowing caused by the tension of superficial layer,and with the increase of explosives(seismic intensity),seismic accelerations increase.It is very useful to design of gravity retaining wall and pile-wall structures.These conclusions can provide some bases for analysis and research of high-steep slopes along railways and highways.
According to the site investigation of Wenchuan disaster area's statistics data as the background,the experiment model is made selecting Yugongmiao slope as the reference.The similarities of main parameters are analyzed based on dimensional analysis.The underwater blasting is used to simulate seismic wave(near-field),and a large number of model tests are conducted.The results show that the failure model of bedrock and overburden layer slope under seismic loading is surface loose media flowing caused by the tension of superficial layer,and with the increase of explosives(seismic intensity),seismic accelerations increase.It is very useful to design of gravity retaining wall and pile-wall structures.These conclusions can provide some bases for analysis and research of high-steep slopes along railways and highways.
引文
[1]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Ying-ren,YE Hai-lin,HUANG Run-qiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,(8):1714-1723.
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[9]尹谦钧,侯杰,邱法维.地震模拟振动台的基础设计研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(4):40-44.YIN Qian-jun,HOU Jie,QIU Fa-wei.Research ondesigning method of shaking table foundation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(4):40-44.
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[11]王燕华,程文溱.地震模拟振动台系统性能分析[J].特种结构,2009,(5):116-118.WANG Yan-hua,CHENG Wen-xiang.Shaking tablesystem performance analysis[J].Special Structures,2009,(5):116-118.
[12]黄宝锋,卢文胜,宗周红.地震模拟振动台阵系统模型试验方法探讨[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(3):46-52.HUANG Bao-feng,LU Wen-sheng,ZONG Zhou-hong.Study on model experimental methodology utilizing themultiple earthquake simulation shake table system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(3):46-52.
[13]李海洋,王向英,田石柱.地震模拟振动台子结构混合试验方法[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):75-80.LI Hai-yang,WANG Xiang-ying,TIAN Shi-zhu.Realtime dynamic hybrid testing method for seismicsimulation shaking tables[J].Journa1 of Architectureand Civil Engineering,2009,26(2):75-80.
[14]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in alarge-scale shaking table model test[J].EngineeringGeology,2006,86(2-3):118-133
[15]CHAU K T,SHEN C Y,GUO X.Nonlinear seismicsoil-pile-structure interactions:Shaking table tests andFEM analyses[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2009,(29):300-310
[16]LI Jie,CHEN Hua-ming,CHEN Jian-bing.Studies onseismic performances of the prestressed egg-shapeddigester with shaking table test[J].EngineeringStructures,2007,(29):552-566.
[17]SAMAN Z,BATHURST R J.Influence of constitutivemodel on numerical simulation of EPS seismic buffershaking table tests[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,(27):308-312.
[18]尚守平,余俊,王海东,等.爆破模拟地震研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2007,4(1):24-27.SHANG Shou-ping,YU Jun,WANG Hai-dong,et al.Study on blasting vibration simulating earthquake[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2007,4(1):24-27.
[19]国胜兵,潘越峰,高培正,等.爆炸地震波模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(4):335-340.GUO Sheng-bing,PAN Yue-feng,GAO Pei-zheng,et al.Numerical simulation of explosion seismic waves[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(4):335-340.
[20]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[21]谈庆明.量纲分析[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2007.
[22]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].上海:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[23]张敏政.地震模拟试验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):52-58.ZHANG Min-zheng.Study on similitude laws for shakingtable tests[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1997,17(2):52-58.
[24]左保成,陈从新,刘才华,等.相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1805-1808.ZUO Bao-cheng,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Cai-hua,et al.Research on similar material of slope simulationexperiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1805-1808.
[25]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842-1847.WANG Han-peng,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qiang-yong,et al.Development of a new geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1842-1847.
[2]娄国充,王树栋.地震作用下土质边坡可靠度分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(A01):4877-4880.LOU Guo-chong,WANG Shu-dong.Reliability study onearth slopes under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(A01):4877-4880.
[3]于玉贞,邓丽军,李荣建.砂土边坡地震动力响应离心模型试验[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,47(6):789-792.YU Yu-zhen,DENG Li-jun,LI Rong-jian.Centrifugemodel test of seismic response behavior of a sand slope[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Tech-nology),2007,47(6):789-792.
[4]苏栋,李相菘.砂土自由场地震响应的离心机试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(2):166-170.SU Dong,LI Xiang-song.Centrifuge modeling of seismicresponse of free sand ground[J].Earthquake Enginee-ring and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(2):166-170.
[5]吴俊贤,倪至宽,高汉棪.土石坝的动态反应:离心机模型试验与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):1-14.WU Chun-hsien,NI Chin-kuan,KO Hon-yim.Seismicreaction of earth and rockfill dam:Centrifuge modelingtest and numerical simulation[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):1-14.
[6]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-nin.et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamiccharacteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[7]王燕华,程文滚,陆飞,等.地震模拟振动台的发展[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(5):53-56,67.WANG Yan-hua,CHENG Wen-gun,LU Fei,et al.Deve-lopment of the shaking table[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(5):53-56,67.
[8]沈德建,吕西林.地震模拟振动台及模型试验研究进展[J].结构工程师,2006,22(6):55-58,63.SHEN De-jian,LüXi-lin.Research advances onsimulating earthquake shaking tables and model test[J].Structural Engineers,2006,22(6):55-58,63.
[9]尹谦钧,侯杰,邱法维.地震模拟振动台的基础设计研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(4):40-44.YIN Qian-jun,HOU Jie,QIU Fa-wei.Research ondesigning method of shaking table foundation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(4):40-44.
[10]禹莹,李德玉,魏力.大型地震模拟振动台的结构与应用[J].应用天地,2007,26(9):45-48.YU Ying,LI De-yu,WEI Li.Structure and application ofhuge earthquake simulation vibration plate[J].App-lication of Heaven and Earth,2007,26(9):45-48.
[11]王燕华,程文溱.地震模拟振动台系统性能分析[J].特种结构,2009,(5):116-118.WANG Yan-hua,CHENG Wen-xiang.Shaking tablesystem performance analysis[J].Special Structures,2009,(5):116-118.
[12]黄宝锋,卢文胜,宗周红.地震模拟振动台阵系统模型试验方法探讨[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(3):46-52.HUANG Bao-feng,LU Wen-sheng,ZONG Zhou-hong.Study on model experimental methodology utilizing themultiple earthquake simulation shake table system[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(3):46-52.
[13]李海洋,王向英,田石柱.地震模拟振动台子结构混合试验方法[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):75-80.LI Hai-yang,WANG Xiang-ying,TIAN Shi-zhu.Realtime dynamic hybrid testing method for seismicsimulation shaking tables[J].Journa1 of Architectureand Civil Engineering,2009,26(2):75-80.
[14]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in alarge-scale shaking table model test[J].EngineeringGeology,2006,86(2-3):118-133
[15]CHAU K T,SHEN C Y,GUO X.Nonlinear seismicsoil-pile-structure interactions:Shaking table tests andFEM analyses[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2009,(29):300-310
[16]LI Jie,CHEN Hua-ming,CHEN Jian-bing.Studies onseismic performances of the prestressed egg-shapeddigester with shaking table test[J].EngineeringStructures,2007,(29):552-566.
[17]SAMAN Z,BATHURST R J.Influence of constitutivemodel on numerical simulation of EPS seismic buffershaking table tests[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2009,(27):308-312.
[18]尚守平,余俊,王海东,等.爆破模拟地震研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2007,4(1):24-27.SHANG Shou-ping,YU Jun,WANG Hai-dong,et al.Study on blasting vibration simulating earthquake[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2007,4(1):24-27.
[19]国胜兵,潘越峰,高培正,等.爆炸地震波模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(4):335-340.GUO Sheng-bing,PAN Yue-feng,GAO Pei-zheng,et al.Numerical simulation of explosion seismic waves[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(4):335-340.
[20]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[21]谈庆明.量纲分析[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2007.
[22]罗先启,葛修润.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].上海:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[23]张敏政.地震模拟试验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):52-58.ZHANG Min-zheng.Study on similitude laws for shakingtable tests[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,1997,17(2):52-58.
[24]左保成,陈从新,刘才华,等.相似材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(11):1805-1808.ZUO Bao-cheng,CHEN Cong-xin,LIU Cai-hua,et al.Research on similar material of slope simulationexperiment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(11):1805-1808.
[25]王汉鹏,李术才,张强勇,等.新型地质力学模型试验相似材料的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1842-1847.WANG Han-peng,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qiang-yong,et al.Development of a new geomechanical similar material[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1842-1847.
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