煤矿开采诱发地震的成因及预防
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摘要
由于围岩破坏过程的复杂性,煤矿开采诱发地震成因比天然地震成因更为复杂.结合徐州某煤矿矿震灾害实例,分析煤矿开采诱发地震的成因及矿震波的特性,提出防治矿震危害的措施;计算冒落岩石的重力势能、顶板岩石冒落时冲击气浪的能量和矿震震级,并将计算的震级与地震台网测定的结果进行比较后发现误差较小,即相对误差为3.7%.研究结果表明:矿震波形呈现周期大、衰减快以及前后无关联的特征;虽然矿震可以分为顶板冒落、顶板开裂、矿柱冲击和断层剪切等类型,但实际上大多是多种类型的复合,围岩应力分布复杂;矿震的过程就是能量的释放过程.矿震成因非常复杂,如何有效利用数值预测技术预测矿震还有待进一步研究和探讨.
The mechanism of earthquake induced by coal mining (EICM) is more complicated than that of natural earthquake because of the extremely complicated procedure of the failure of the surrounding rock. Combined with an EICM example placed in a coal mine, Xuzhou, the cause of the EICM and the characteristics of the seismic wave were analyzed, and preventive measures for EICM were put forward. The potential energy produced by gravity, the energy produced by impact waves during the fall of rock of roof, and the earthquake magnitude were worked out; the calculated earthquake magnitude was compared with that measured by seismic network, and the error between them is only 3.7 percents. It shows that the wave of the EICM takes on long period, quick delay, and poor temporal relevance; an EICM was usually classified into roof collapse, roof cracking, pillar impact, but an actual EICM is almost a combination of several types, and distribution of stress on surrounding rock is extremely complicated; an EICM is in fact a procedure of relief of energy. On account of the complicated cause of EICM, further study and exploration must be continued to availably forecast EICM by numerical prediction method.
The mechanism of earthquake induced by coal mining (EICM) is more complicated than that of natural earthquake because of the extremely complicated procedure of the failure of the surrounding rock. Combined with an EICM example placed in a coal mine, Xuzhou, the cause of the EICM and the characteristics of the seismic wave were analyzed, and preventive measures for EICM were put forward. The potential energy produced by gravity, the energy produced by impact waves during the fall of rock of roof, and the earthquake magnitude were worked out; the calculated earthquake magnitude was compared with that measured by seismic network, and the error between them is only 3.7 percents. It shows that the wave of the EICM takes on long period, quick delay, and poor temporal relevance; an EICM was usually classified into roof collapse, roof cracking, pillar impact, but an actual EICM is almost a combination of several types, and distribution of stress on surrounding rock is extremely complicated; an EICM is in fact a procedure of relief of energy. On account of the complicated cause of EICM, further study and exploration must be continued to availably forecast EICM by numerical prediction method.
引文
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[12]何满潮.深部的概念体系及工程评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2854-2858.
[2]潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844-1851.
[3]董飞亚.浅谈深部冲击矿压的分级预测技术[J].煤,2011,20(3):35-37.
[4]杨增夫.徐州矿区冲击矿压的预测与防治[J].煤矿开采,1999,(4):3-51.
[5]缪协兴,孙海,吴志刚.徐州东部软岩矿区冲击矿压机理分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):428-431.
[6]蒋金泉,张开智.综放开采矿震的成因及防治对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S1):3276-3282.
[7]李铁,蔡美峰,张少泉,等.我国的采矿诱发地震[J].东北地震研究,2005,21(3):1-26.
[8]吕长国,窦林名,何江.遗留煤柱影响区域微震活动规律研究[J].煤炭工程,2011,(1):78-81.
[9]王英敏.矿内空气动力学与矿井通风系统[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:305-322.
[10]谷新建.冒落型矿震成因机理的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2002,12(2):60-63.
[11]李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981:155-156.
[12]何满潮.深部的概念体系及工程评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2854-2858.
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