预应力锚索桩板墙地震响应的振动台试验研究
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摘要
作为一种轻型支挡结构,预应力锚索桩板墙具备安全、可靠、造价低等优势,汶川地震也证明了它具有良好的抗震性能。但由于此结构体系的受力复杂,目前一系列基础研究问题仍没有解决,理论研究远落后于工程实践,特别是在抗震设计理论研究方面。通过最直接的室内研究手段——大型振动台试验对预应力锚索桩板墙进行了地震响应研究,输入加速度时程选取卧龙台站实测水平向和竖直向地震波,并按相似比处理,测试了桩身6个高度位置的地震土压力、2个高度位置的位移、边坡中5个高度位置的加速度以及锚索预应力的时程变化。试验结果揭示了预应力桩板墙在地震作用下的土压力分布规律、桩身位移和锚索预应力的地震响应特征以及加固边坡的动力特性和加速度放大效应,为深入了解预应力锚索桩板墙的抗震表现和抗震机理提供了可靠的依据。
The prestressed anchor sheet pile wall is a type of light retaining structure which has been widely used in recent twenty years.This structure has advantages of safety,reliability and low construction cost,and it has been successfully used in railways,highways and other projects.In addition,the prestressed anchor sheet pile wall has been proven to be an excellent seismic structure from investigation of damaged earth structures in Wenchuan Earthquake in China.However,due to the complex stress system,a series of fundamental and theoretical issues of construction technology are not solved completely,and its theoretical understanding lags greatly behind application,especially in the area of seismic design theory.Large shaking table tests,as the most direct laboratory test method,are performed to study seismic response.Scaled horizontal and vertical accelerations recorded at the Wolong Station in Wenchuan Earthquake are used to excite the model wall.Time histories of seismic earth pressures at 6 levels,displacements of the wall at two levels,accelerations at 5 levels in the slope and the prestress of cable are measured.The test results reveal the distribution pattern of earth pressures,seismic response of displacement and cable prestress,dynamic characteristics and amplification effect of reinforced slopes under earthquakes,and they provide a reliable basis for understanding the seismic behaviors and mechanism of the prestressed anchor sheet pile wall.
The prestressed anchor sheet pile wall is a type of light retaining structure which has been widely used in recent twenty years.This structure has advantages of safety,reliability and low construction cost,and it has been successfully used in railways,highways and other projects.In addition,the prestressed anchor sheet pile wall has been proven to be an excellent seismic structure from investigation of damaged earth structures in Wenchuan Earthquake in China.However,due to the complex stress system,a series of fundamental and theoretical issues of construction technology are not solved completely,and its theoretical understanding lags greatly behind application,especially in the area of seismic design theory.Large shaking table tests,as the most direct laboratory test method,are performed to study seismic response.Scaled horizontal and vertical accelerations recorded at the Wolong Station in Wenchuan Earthquake are used to excite the model wall.Time histories of seismic earth pressures at 6 levels,displacements of the wall at two levels,accelerations at 5 levels in the slope and the prestress of cable are measured.The test results reveal the distribution pattern of earth pressures,seismic response of displacement and cable prestress,dynamic characteristics and amplification effect of reinforced slopes under earthquakes,and they provide a reliable basis for understanding the seismic behaviors and mechanism of the prestressed anchor sheet pile wall.
引文
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[14]NEWMARK N M.Effect of earthquakes on dams andembankments[J].Géotechnique,1965,15(2):139–159.
[15]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(II)—试验结果及分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(6):587–594.(CHEN Xin-min,SHENJian,WEI Ping,et al.Large scale shaking table test forresearch on seismic soil slope stability of Xiashu(II)—testresults and analysis[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention andMitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):587–594.(in Chinese))
[2]周德培,张建经,汤涌.汶川地震中道路边坡工程震害分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):565–576.(ZHOU De-pei,ZHANG Jian-jing,TANG Yong.Seismicdamage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):321–326.(in Chinese))
[3]NOZU A,ICHII K,SUGANO T.Seismic design of portstructures[J].Journal of Japan Association for EarthquakeEngineering,2004,4(3):195–208.
[4]SILLER T J,CHRISTIANO P,BIELAK J.Seismic response oftied-back retaining walls[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructure Dynamics,1991,20(7):605–620.
[5]RICHARDS R Jr,ELMS D G.Seismic passive resistance oftied-back walls[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 1992,118(7):996–1011.
[6]曾德荣,李霖.抗滑桩锚索联合体系特性研究[J].重庆交通学院学报,2001,20(2):79–82.(ZENG De-rong,LILin.Study of the property of structure combined prestressingcables with drilling piles[J].Journal of Chongqing JiaotongUniversity,2001,20(2):79–82.(in Chinese))
[7]曾云华,郑明新.预应力锚索抗滑桩的受力模型试验[J].华东交通大学学报,2003,20(2):15–18.(ZENG Yun-hua,ZHENG Ming-xin.Force distribution rule of retaining pileswith prestressing cables[J].Journal of East China JiaotongUniversity,2003,20(2):15–18.(in Chinese))
[8]周德培,王建松.预应力锚索桩内力的一种计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):247–250.(ZHOUDe-pei,WANG Jian-song.Design method of retaining pilewith prestressed cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2002,21(2):247–250.(in Chinese))
[9]戴自航,沈蒲生,彭振斌.预应力锚固抗滑桩内力计算有限差分法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):407–413.(DAI Zi-hang,SHEN Pu-sheng,PENG Zhen-bin.Study on the finite difference method in calculation ofinternal forces of prestress-anchored antislide piles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):407–413.(in Chinese))
[10]董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):2977–2982.(DONG Jin-yu,YANGGuo-xiang,WU Fa-quan,et al.The large-scale shaking tabletest study of dynamic response and failure mode of beddingrock slope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):2977–2982.(in Chinese))
[11]蒋良潍,姚令侃,王建.基于振动性态和破坏相似的边坡振动台模型实验相似律[J].交通科学与工程,2009,25(2):1–7.(JIANG Liang-wei,YAO Ling-kan,WANG Jian.Similitude for shaking table model test on side slope relatingto dynamic characteristics and strength[J].Journal ofTransport Science and Engineering,2009,25(2):1–7.(inChinese))
[12]WANG Y Z.Distribution of earth pressure on a retainingwall[J].Géotechnique,2000,50:83–88.
[13]蒋楚生.路肩(堤)式预应力锚索桩板墙柔性支挡结构的土压力分布新探索[J].铁道工程学报,2007,4(4):24–28.(JIANG Chu-sheng.A new exploration on the earth pressuredistribution on a flexible retaining structure of cable-anchorstied pile-slab wall on embankment’s shoulder or slope[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2007,4(4):24–28.(in Chinese))
[14]NEWMARK N M.Effect of earthquakes on dams andembankments[J].Géotechnique,1965,15(2):139–159.
[15]陈新民,沈建,魏平,等.下蜀土边坡地震稳定性的大型振动台试验研究(II)—试验结果及分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(6):587–594.(CHEN Xin-min,SHENJian,WEI Ping,et al.Large scale shaking table test forresearch on seismic soil slope stability of Xiashu(II)—testresults and analysis[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention andMitigation Engineering,2010,30(6):587–594.(in Chinese))
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