高土石坝地震安全控制标准与极限抗震能力研究
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摘要
基于土石坝震害调查和原型观测资料分析,针对高土石坝的坝坡稳定、坝体地震永久变形以及混凝土面板接缝位移3个影响高土石坝安全的主要因素,初步建议了相应的地震安全控制标准,并应用于高心墙堆石坝和面板堆石坝的极限抗震能力计算分析。结果表明:按规范设计的高土石坝具有较强的抗震能力,其极限抗震能力在0.50g以上,可抵抗9度以上地震而不致于出现灾难性后果;高土石坝的极限抗震能力与相应的地震安全控制标准密切相关,按照本文建议的标准,高心墙堆石坝坝坡稳定是其极限抗震能力的控制因素,高面板堆石坝面板周边缝安全是其极限抗震能力的控制因素。
By investigating and analyzing the earthquake damage performance and the in-situ observations of earth-rock dams,a series of criteria to control the safety of high earth-rock dams subjected to earthquakes are proposed in terms of three main influencing factors including slope stability,permanent deformation of the dam and deformation of peripheral joints.These criteria are used to study the limit earthquake-resistant capacity of a typical earth-core rockfill dam and a concrete faced rockfill dam,respectively.It is found that high earth-rock dams can resist strong earthquakes.The limit earthquake-resistant capacity of the two cases is as high as 0.5g,which means that the two dams can perform well without catastrophic subsequences even attacked by an earthquake with degree of nine.Furthermore,the limit earthquake-resistant capacity of high earth-rock dams largely depends on the safety criteria.The most important factor to control the safety of an earth-core rockfill dam under earthquakes is the slope stability while the deformation of the peripheral joint is the control factor for the safety of concrete faced rockfill dams.
By investigating and analyzing the earthquake damage performance and the in-situ observations of earth-rock dams,a series of criteria to control the safety of high earth-rock dams subjected to earthquakes are proposed in terms of three main influencing factors including slope stability,permanent deformation of the dam and deformation of peripheral joints.These criteria are used to study the limit earthquake-resistant capacity of a typical earth-core rockfill dam and a concrete faced rockfill dam,respectively.It is found that high earth-rock dams can resist strong earthquakes.The limit earthquake-resistant capacity of the two cases is as high as 0.5g,which means that the two dams can perform well without catastrophic subsequences even attacked by an earthquake with degree of nine.Furthermore,the limit earthquake-resistant capacity of high earth-rock dams largely depends on the safety criteria.The most important factor to control the safety of an earth-core rockfill dam under earthquakes is the slope stability while the deformation of the peripheral joint is the control factor for the safety of concrete faced rockfill dams.
引文
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[15]陈生水,李国英,郦能惠,等.高土石坝地震安全评价与控制新方法研究[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2011.(CHEN Sheng-shui,LI Guo-ying,LI Neng-hui,et al.Newsafety evaluation and safety controlling methods for highearth-rock dams subjected to earthquakes shaking[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2011.(inChinese))
[2]赵剑明,汪闻韶,常亚屏,等.高面板坝三维真非线性地震反应分析方法及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2003,9:12–18.(ZHAO Jian-ming,WANG Wen-shao,CHANGYa-ping,et al.3D authentic nonlinear method for dynamicanalysis of high CFRD[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,9:12–18.(in Chinese))
[3]SEED H B.Consideration in the earthquake resistance designof earth and rockfill dams[J].Géotechnique,1979,3:215–263.
[4]沈珠江,徐刚.堆石料的动力变形特性[J].水利水运科学研究,1996,2:143–150.(SHEN Zhu-jian,XU Gang.Deformation behaviour of rock materials under cyclicloading[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1996,2:143–150.(in Chinese))
[5]NEWMARK N M.Effects of earthquakes on dams andembankments[J].Géotechnique,1965,15(2):139–159.
[6]顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.(GU Gan-cheng,SHENChang-song,CEN Wei-jun.Earthquake engineering forearth-rock dams[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,Beijing,2009.(in Chinese))
[7]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.“5.12”汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):795–801.(CHEN Sheng-shui,HUO Jia-ping,ZHANG Wei-min.Analysis of effects of“5.12”WenchuanEarthquake on Zipingpu Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):795–801.(in Chinese))
[8]GAZETAS G.Seismic response of earth dams:some recentdevelopments[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.1987,6(1):2–47.
[9]邹德高,周扬,孔宪京,等.高土石坝加速度响应的三维有限元研究[J].岩土力学,2011(增刊1):656–661.(ZOUDe-gao,ZHOU Yang,KONG Xian-jing,et al.3D FEM studyof acceleration response of high earth-rock dams[J].Rockand Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):656–661.(in Chinese))
[10]US Department of Homeland Security.Federal guidelines fordam safety,earthquake analyses and design of dams[R].2005.
[11]李国英,沈婷,赵魁芝.高心墙堆石坝地震动力特性及抗震极限分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2010,1:1–8.(LIGuo-ying,SHEN Ting,ZHAO Kui-zhi.Seismic dynamicbehaviour and limit seismic analysis on high earth corerockfill dams[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,2010,1:1–8.(in Chinese))
[12]李国英,任强,米占宽,等.糯扎渡水电站抗震深化研究—土石坝震害调查[R].南京水利科学研究院(研究报告),2010.(LI Guo-ying,REN Qiang,MI Zhan-kuan,et al.Study on the earthquake responses of the Nuozhaduhydropower station:Earthquake damage investigations[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2010.(inChinese))
[13]刘君,刘博,孔宪京.地震作用下土石坝坝顶沉降估算[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(2):183–191.(LIU Jun,LIUBo,KONG Xian-jing.Estimation of earthquake induced crestsettlements of earth and rock-fill dams[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(2):183–191.(inChinese))
[14]顾淦臣,束一鸣,沈长松.土石坝工程经验与创新[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004.(GU Gan-cheng,SHU Yi-ming,SHEN Chang-song.Experiences and innovations inearth-rock dam engineering[M].Beijing:China ElectricPower Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[15]陈生水,李国英,郦能惠,等.高土石坝地震安全评价与控制新方法研究[R].南京:南京水利科学研究院,2011.(CHEN Sheng-shui,LI Guo-ying,LI Neng-hui,et al.Newsafety evaluation and safety controlling methods for highearth-rock dams subjected to earthquakes shaking[R].Nanjing:Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,2011.(inChinese))
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