埋地管线地震反应中日美规范对比研究
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摘要
埋地管线地震反应简化计算方法主要有共同变位法和反应位移法。共同变位法假定地震波无衰减,管与土的应变相等;反应位移法则将地震波简化为正弦波形式,认为管土之间存在剪切滑动带,管线应变等于土体应变乘以变形传递系数。各国地下管线抗震规范主要也是基于上述两种方法计算管体应变和接头变形。其中,中国规范和日本规范主要是基于反应位移法,美国规范则是基于共同变位法。从以上方法的基本理论出发,分析了三国规范的异同点,并选取工程实例加以计算,进而比较了各国规范的优缺点。
Two main methods to calculate buried pipeline seismic responses are the equivalent static method and the response displacement method.In the equivalent static method,the pipe and soil strain are assumed to be equal;while the displacement transmission parameter are considered in the response displacement method.In Chinese,Japanese and American codes,seismic responses of buried pipelines are mainly determined based on these two methods.In Chinese and Japanese codes,the analysis methods are based on the response displacement method;However,the American code is based on the equivalent static method.In this paper,the two basic methods are introduced firstly.The methods used in different codes are illustrated and compared.Finally,through an engineering example,advantages and disadvantages of each code are discussed.
Two main methods to calculate buried pipeline seismic responses are the equivalent static method and the response displacement method.In the equivalent static method,the pipe and soil strain are assumed to be equal;while the displacement transmission parameter are considered in the response displacement method.In Chinese,Japanese and American codes,seismic responses of buried pipelines are mainly determined based on these two methods.In Chinese and Japanese codes,the analysis methods are based on the response displacement method;However,the American code is based on the equivalent static method.In this paper,the two basic methods are introduced firstly.The methods used in different codes are illustrated and compared.Finally,through an engineering example,advantages and disadvantages of each code are discussed.
引文
[1]李杰.生命线工程抗震:基础理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.Li Jie.Earthquake resistance of lifeline engineering:Theory foundation and application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.(in Chinese).
[2]Duke C M,Moran D F.Earthquake and city lifelines[M].San Fernando Earthquake of Feb.9 1971 and public policy.Joint Committee on Seismic Safety of the California Legislature.1972.
[3]Ayala,A G,O’Rourke M J.Effects of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake on water systems and other buried lifelines in Mexico[J].National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,Buffalo,New York,1989.
[4]日本阪神大地震考察组.日本阪神大地震考察报告[R].北京:地震出版社,1997.Study Group of Hanshin Earthquake.Inspection report of Hanshin Earthquake in Japan[R].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[5]熊易华,罗万申,陈洵.汶川“5·12”地震给排水设施震损情况与启示[J].给水排水,2009,35(10):21-24.Xiong Yihua,Luo Wanshen,Chen Xun.Seismic damage of water and wastewater facilities in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(10):21-24.(in Chinese).
[6]Newmark N M.Problems in wave propagation in soil and rock[J].Proc.of International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials.New Mexico,1968(08):7-26.
[7]Newmark N M,Blume J A,Kapur K K.Seismic design spectra for nuclear power plants[J].J.Power Div.Am Soc.Civ Engrs,1973,99(PO2):287303.
[8]Kuribayashi E,Iwasaki T,Kawashima K.Dynamic behavior of a subsurface tubular structure[C].Proc.5thEuropean Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Istanbul,1975.
[9]Kuesel T R.Earthquake design criteria for subways[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1969,95(06):1213-1231.
[10]李昕,周晶,陈建云.考虑土体非线性特性的直埋管道-土体系统的动力反应分析[J].计算力学学报,2001,18(02):167-172.Li Xin,Zhou Jing,Chen Jianyun.Dynamic response on straight buried pipeline considering non-linear soil model[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2001,18(02):167-172.(in Chinese).
[11]艾晓秋,李杰.考虑土体固液二相性质的地下管线地震反应研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(02):136-140.Ai Xiaoqiu,Li Jie.Research on seismic response of underground pipelines in solid-liquid media[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(02):136-140.(in Chinese).
[12]王琴.地下管线非一致激励地震反应分析[D].上海:同济大学,2008.Wang Qin.Seismic response analysis of underground pipelines under non-consistent earthquake wave excitation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese)
[13]程志远,李黎,张子翔,等.城市地下供水管道的地震反应分析[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(04):20-23.Cheng Zhiyuan,Li Li,Zhang Zixiang,et al.Seismic response analysis of urban buried water supply pipeline[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2011,28(04):20-23.(in Chinese).
[14]Hindy A,Novak M.Earthquake response of underground pipelines[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1979,7(05):451-476.
[15]Ariman T,Muleski G E.A review of the response of buried pipelines under seismic excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1981,9(02):133-152.
[16]Shinozuka M,Koike T.Estimation of structural strains in underground lifeline pipes[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,1979.
[17]陈隽,王琴,李杰.地下管线地震响应及土体弹性抗力系数研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(03):499-504.Chen Jun,Wang Qin,Li Jie.Investigation on elastoplastic seismic responses of underground pipelines and soil elastic resistant coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering.2012,8(03):499-504.(in Chinese)
[18]屈铁军,王前信.空间变化的地震作用下地下管线弯曲振动反应的求解方法[J].工程力学,1997,14(03):88-96.Qu Tiejun,Wang Qianxin.Bending vibration response of underground pipeline to spatially vabiable seismic excitation[J].Engineering Mechanics,1997,14(03):88-96.(in Chinese).
[19]翟贺,李鹏程,李志明,等.地震行波作用下的埋地管线最大地震反应探讨[J].特种结构,2007,24(03):1-3.Zhai He,Li Pengcheng,Li Zhiming,et al.Peak earthquake response of buried pipelines under wave propagation[J].Special Structures.2007,24(03):1-3.(in Chinese)
[20]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50032—2003室外给水排水和燃气热力工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.GB 50032—2003 Code for seismic design of outdoor water supply,sewerage,gas and healing engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[21]日本水道協会.水道施設耐震工法指针·解说(2009年版)[S].東京:公益社团法人日本水道協会,2009.Japan Water Works Association(JWWA).Guidelines and commentary of seismic water facilities and constructions(2009 Edition)[S].Tokyo:Japan Water Works Asociation,2009.(in Japanese)
[22]American Lifelines Alliance.Seismic Guidelines for Water Pipelines[S].Washington,DC:FEM4,2005.
[23]EI Hamadi K,O’Rourke M J.Seismic damage to segmented buried pipelines[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1990,19(4):529-539.
[2]Duke C M,Moran D F.Earthquake and city lifelines[M].San Fernando Earthquake of Feb.9 1971 and public policy.Joint Committee on Seismic Safety of the California Legislature.1972.
[3]Ayala,A G,O’Rourke M J.Effects of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake on water systems and other buried lifelines in Mexico[J].National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,Buffalo,New York,1989.
[4]日本阪神大地震考察组.日本阪神大地震考察报告[R].北京:地震出版社,1997.Study Group of Hanshin Earthquake.Inspection report of Hanshin Earthquake in Japan[R].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[5]熊易华,罗万申,陈洵.汶川“5·12”地震给排水设施震损情况与启示[J].给水排水,2009,35(10):21-24.Xiong Yihua,Luo Wanshen,Chen Xun.Seismic damage of water and wastewater facilities in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2009,35(10):21-24.(in Chinese).
[6]Newmark N M.Problems in wave propagation in soil and rock[J].Proc.of International Symposium on Wave Propagation and Dynamic Properties of Earth Materials.New Mexico,1968(08):7-26.
[7]Newmark N M,Blume J A,Kapur K K.Seismic design spectra for nuclear power plants[J].J.Power Div.Am Soc.Civ Engrs,1973,99(PO2):287303.
[8]Kuribayashi E,Iwasaki T,Kawashima K.Dynamic behavior of a subsurface tubular structure[C].Proc.5thEuropean Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Istanbul,1975.
[9]Kuesel T R.Earthquake design criteria for subways[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1969,95(06):1213-1231.
[10]李昕,周晶,陈建云.考虑土体非线性特性的直埋管道-土体系统的动力反应分析[J].计算力学学报,2001,18(02):167-172.Li Xin,Zhou Jing,Chen Jianyun.Dynamic response on straight buried pipeline considering non-linear soil model[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2001,18(02):167-172.(in Chinese).
[11]艾晓秋,李杰.考虑土体固液二相性质的地下管线地震反应研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(02):136-140.Ai Xiaoqiu,Li Jie.Research on seismic response of underground pipelines in solid-liquid media[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(02):136-140.(in Chinese).
[12]王琴.地下管线非一致激励地震反应分析[D].上海:同济大学,2008.Wang Qin.Seismic response analysis of underground pipelines under non-consistent earthquake wave excitation[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese)
[13]程志远,李黎,张子翔,等.城市地下供水管道的地震反应分析[J].土木工程与管理学报,2011,28(04):20-23.Cheng Zhiyuan,Li Li,Zhang Zixiang,et al.Seismic response analysis of urban buried water supply pipeline[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2011,28(04):20-23.(in Chinese).
[14]Hindy A,Novak M.Earthquake response of underground pipelines[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1979,7(05):451-476.
[15]Ariman T,Muleski G E.A review of the response of buried pipelines under seismic excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1981,9(02):133-152.
[16]Shinozuka M,Koike T.Estimation of structural strains in underground lifeline pipes[J].International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,1979.
[17]陈隽,王琴,李杰.地下管线地震响应及土体弹性抗力系数研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(03):499-504.Chen Jun,Wang Qin,Li Jie.Investigation on elastoplastic seismic responses of underground pipelines and soil elastic resistant coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering.2012,8(03):499-504.(in Chinese)
[18]屈铁军,王前信.空间变化的地震作用下地下管线弯曲振动反应的求解方法[J].工程力学,1997,14(03):88-96.Qu Tiejun,Wang Qianxin.Bending vibration response of underground pipeline to spatially vabiable seismic excitation[J].Engineering Mechanics,1997,14(03):88-96.(in Chinese).
[19]翟贺,李鹏程,李志明,等.地震行波作用下的埋地管线最大地震反应探讨[J].特种结构,2007,24(03):1-3.Zhai He,Li Pengcheng,Li Zhiming,et al.Peak earthquake response of buried pipelines under wave propagation[J].Special Structures.2007,24(03):1-3.(in Chinese)
[20]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50032—2003室外给水排水和燃气热力工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China.GB 50032—2003 Code for seismic design of outdoor water supply,sewerage,gas and healing engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[21]日本水道協会.水道施設耐震工法指针·解说(2009年版)[S].東京:公益社团法人日本水道協会,2009.Japan Water Works Association(JWWA).Guidelines and commentary of seismic water facilities and constructions(2009 Edition)[S].Tokyo:Japan Water Works Asociation,2009.(in Japanese)
[22]American Lifelines Alliance.Seismic Guidelines for Water Pipelines[S].Washington,DC:FEM4,2005.
[23]EI Hamadi K,O’Rourke M J.Seismic damage to segmented buried pipelines[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1990,19(4):529-539.
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