尾矿坝地震破坏机制探讨
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摘要
通过对尾矿坝潜在滑动体的受力分析,考虑饱和尾矿动孔隙水压力和填筑期对坝体稳定性的影响,推导了尾矿坝地震时和地震停止时安全系数的计算式,探讨了动孔隙水压力对坝体地震时工作状态的影响。分析表明,地震作用下坝体工作状态主要受控于尾矿强度的降低和坝体惯性效应2方面;屈服地震系数显著地受到动孔隙水压力累积的影响,即随着振次的增加,坝体屈服地震系数越来越小。引入一个临界内摩擦角值来区分尾矿坝的最终破坏模式,即流动型破坏和滑动型破坏,并分别对2种模式的破坏机制及破坏过程进行了探讨。
Based on stress analysis of the potential sliding mass of tailings dam,and considering the impact of saturated tailings dynamic pore water pressure and filling time on the dam stability,the calculation formula of safety factor for tailings dam in earthquake and post-earthquake had been derived,and the impact of dynamic pore water pressure on the work state of dam was explored.The analysis showed that the dam work state in earthquake is mainly controlled by the reduction of tailings strength and the dam inertial effects;the yield seismic coefficient is significantly affected by the cumulative effect of the dynamic pore water pressure.With the increase of the vibration times,dam yield seismic coefficient is getting smaller and smaller.A critical value of internal friction angle was introduced to distinguish the ultimate failure mode of the tailings dam,called the flow-type damage and the sliding-type destruction.In addition,the failure mechanism and the failure process of the two modes were respectively investigated.
Based on stress analysis of the potential sliding mass of tailings dam,and considering the impact of saturated tailings dynamic pore water pressure and filling time on the dam stability,the calculation formula of safety factor for tailings dam in earthquake and post-earthquake had been derived,and the impact of dynamic pore water pressure on the work state of dam was explored.The analysis showed that the dam work state in earthquake is mainly controlled by the reduction of tailings strength and the dam inertial effects;the yield seismic coefficient is significantly affected by the cumulative effect of the dynamic pore water pressure.With the increase of the vibration times,dam yield seismic coefficient is getting smaller and smaller.A critical value of internal friction angle was introduced to distinguish the ultimate failure mode of the tailings dam,called the flow-type damage and the sliding-type destruction.In addition,the failure mechanism and the failure process of the two modes were respectively investigated.
引文
[1]阮元成,郭新.饱和尾矿料静、动强度特性的试验研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(1):67-73.
[2]谢泼德,斯特拉牵C.尾矿坝的运行特征[J].国外金属矿山,2002,27(4):36-42.
[3]Ishihara K.Post-earthquake failure of a tailings dam due to lique-faction of the pond deposit[C]∥International Conference on CaseHistories in Geotechnical Engineering.Stolouis:Geotechnical En-gineering,1984:1129-1143.
[4]Chronology of major tailings dam failures[EB/OL].[2012-3-20]∥http:∥www.wise-uranium.org/mdaf.html.
[5]Harder J L F,Stewart J P.Failure of Tapo Canyon tailings dam[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1996,10(3):109-114.
[6]王余庆,王治平,辛鸿博,等.大石河尾矿坝1976年唐山大地震震害及有关强震观测记录[J].工业建筑,1994,24(7):38-42.
[7]煎茶岭金矿尾矿坝在“5.12”地震中遭到破坏[EB/OL].[2012-2-15]∥http:∥app.chinamining.com.cn/bbs/uchome/Space.php?uid=962&do=album&picid=272&goto=up.
[8]沈楼燕,龙卿吉.汶川地震对尾矿库设计与管理的启示[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2009,61(1):75-76.
[9]潘建平.尾矿坝抗震设计研究进展[J].中国钨业,2009,24(2):28-31.
[10]Zeng X W,Wu J,Rohlf R.Laboratory properties of mine tailings[J].Geotechnical News,1998(6):29-32.
[11]孔宪京,潘建平,邹德高.尾矿坝液化流动变形分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2008,48(4):541-545.
[12]张栋,吴宗之,蔡嗣经.尾矿库地震液化机理及抗震评估指标体系研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2010,6(6):17-22.
[13]董陇军,赵国彦,宫凤强,等.尾矿坝地震稳定性分析的区间模型及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(1):164-169.
[14]柳厚祥,廖雪,李宁,等.高尾矿坝的有效应力地震反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(1):65-70.
[15]GB50191─93构筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[16]Biondi G,Cascone E,Maugeri M.Flow and deformation failure ofsandy slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22:1103-1114.
[17]刘忠玉,慕青松.饱和黄土边坡的动力失稳机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):1016-1020.
[18]陈敬松,张家生,孙希望.饱和尾矿砂动强度特性试验结果与分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):603-607.
[19]陈存礼,何军芳,胡再强,等.动荷作用下饱和尾矿砂的孔压和残余应变演化特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):4034-4039.
[20]张超,杨春和,白世伟.尾矿料的动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):35-40.
[21]潘建平,王笙屹,朱洪威.尾矿坝液化流滑破坏模型与稳定措施研究[J].金属矿山,2011(4):134-136.
[22]李秀珍,孔纪名.“5.12“汶川地震诱发典型滑坡的类型和特征[J].山地学报,2011,29(5):598-607.
[2]谢泼德,斯特拉牵C.尾矿坝的运行特征[J].国外金属矿山,2002,27(4):36-42.
[3]Ishihara K.Post-earthquake failure of a tailings dam due to lique-faction of the pond deposit[C]∥International Conference on CaseHistories in Geotechnical Engineering.Stolouis:Geotechnical En-gineering,1984:1129-1143.
[4]Chronology of major tailings dam failures[EB/OL].[2012-3-20]∥http:∥www.wise-uranium.org/mdaf.html.
[5]Harder J L F,Stewart J P.Failure of Tapo Canyon tailings dam[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1996,10(3):109-114.
[6]王余庆,王治平,辛鸿博,等.大石河尾矿坝1976年唐山大地震震害及有关强震观测记录[J].工业建筑,1994,24(7):38-42.
[7]煎茶岭金矿尾矿坝在“5.12”地震中遭到破坏[EB/OL].[2012-2-15]∥http:∥app.chinamining.com.cn/bbs/uchome/Space.php?uid=962&do=album&picid=272&goto=up.
[8]沈楼燕,龙卿吉.汶川地震对尾矿库设计与管理的启示[J].有色金属:矿山部分,2009,61(1):75-76.
[9]潘建平.尾矿坝抗震设计研究进展[J].中国钨业,2009,24(2):28-31.
[10]Zeng X W,Wu J,Rohlf R.Laboratory properties of mine tailings[J].Geotechnical News,1998(6):29-32.
[11]孔宪京,潘建平,邹德高.尾矿坝液化流动变形分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2008,48(4):541-545.
[12]张栋,吴宗之,蔡嗣经.尾矿库地震液化机理及抗震评估指标体系研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2010,6(6):17-22.
[13]董陇军,赵国彦,宫凤强,等.尾矿坝地震稳定性分析的区间模型及应用[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,42(1):164-169.
[14]柳厚祥,廖雪,李宁,等.高尾矿坝的有效应力地震反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(1):65-70.
[15]GB50191─93构筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.
[16]Biondi G,Cascone E,Maugeri M.Flow and deformation failure ofsandy slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22:1103-1114.
[17]刘忠玉,慕青松.饱和黄土边坡的动力失稳机制研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(9):1016-1020.
[18]陈敬松,张家生,孙希望.饱和尾矿砂动强度特性试验结果与分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):603-607.
[19]陈存礼,何军芳,胡再强,等.动荷作用下饱和尾矿砂的孔压和残余应变演化特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(S2):4034-4039.
[20]张超,杨春和,白世伟.尾矿料的动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):35-40.
[21]潘建平,王笙屹,朱洪威.尾矿坝液化流滑破坏模型与稳定措施研究[J].金属矿山,2011(4):134-136.
[22]李秀珍,孔纪名.“5.12“汶川地震诱发典型滑坡的类型和特征[J].山地学报,2011,29(5):598-607.
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