场地地震液化的主要影响因素分析
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摘要
砂土、地下水位和强烈地震动是场地液化的三个基本条件。本文基于场地液化的基本原理,在对比分析唐山大地震、汶川大地震、日本部分地震中场地液化分布特征的基础上,研究了地震烈度、地震震级、震中距等主要影响因素与场地液化的关系,并探讨了地形地貌对场地液化的影响。结果表明:我国场地地震液化主要分布在地震烈度Ⅶ度及其以上地区,引发场地液化的地震震级一般在7级及其以上,严重地震灾害的场地液化点距震中的距离可达数百千米;地形地貌可以作为场地液化的判据之一,严重场地液化主要发生在沿河、沿海地域,凸显出地下水位线是发生场地液化的重要条件。另外,提出了场地地震"再液化"的概念,并且阐释了其产生的原因及其危害,指出若遇强地震动,"再液化"的可能性比较高,工程中需要引起重视。本研究可为实施有效的抗液化工程对策与减轻液化危害提供理论依据。
Sand,groundwater level and severe earthquake are three basic conditions for site liquefaction.Based on the basic theory of site liquefaction,this paper comparatively analyzes the distribution characteristics of site liquefaction in Tangshan earthquake,Wenchuan earthquake and some earthquakes in Japan,and analyzes the relationship between site liquefaction and earthquake magnitude,seismic intensity,epicentral distance and other factors.The analytical results show that,in China,site liquefaction mainly takes place in the area where the seismic intensity is Ⅶ or higher,earthquake magnitude is equal to or greater than 7.0,and the distance between the site liquefaction points and the epicenter of severe earthquake is within several hundred kilometers;topography can be used as one of the judging criteria of site liquefaction,and the severe liquefaction occurs mainly along rivers or in coastal areas,highlighting the water table is an important condition for the occurrence of site liquefaction.The paper also puts forward the concept of reliquefaction and introduces its cause and harm,and points out that the possibility of reliquefaction is quite high in the severe earthquake area.The study provides a theoretical basis for implementing anti-liquefaction engineering measures and mitigating liquefaction hazards.
Sand,groundwater level and severe earthquake are three basic conditions for site liquefaction.Based on the basic theory of site liquefaction,this paper comparatively analyzes the distribution characteristics of site liquefaction in Tangshan earthquake,Wenchuan earthquake and some earthquakes in Japan,and analyzes the relationship between site liquefaction and earthquake magnitude,seismic intensity,epicentral distance and other factors.The analytical results show that,in China,site liquefaction mainly takes place in the area where the seismic intensity is Ⅶ or higher,earthquake magnitude is equal to or greater than 7.0,and the distance between the site liquefaction points and the epicenter of severe earthquake is within several hundred kilometers;topography can be used as one of the judging criteria of site liquefaction,and the severe liquefaction occurs mainly along rivers or in coastal areas,highlighting the water table is an important condition for the occurrence of site liquefaction.The paper also puts forward the concept of reliquefaction and introduces its cause and harm,and points out that the possibility of reliquefaction is quite high in the severe earthquake area.The study provides a theoretical basis for implementing anti-liquefaction engineering measures and mitigating liquefaction hazards.
引文
[1]曹振中,孙锐,陈龙伟,等.汶川地震六度区内场地液化问题初步研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(S1):207-211.
[2]王维铭,孙锐,曹振中,等.国内外地震液化场地特征对比研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3913-3919.
[3]Terzaghi,K.Theoretical Soil Mechanics[M].New York:JohnWiley and Sons,1943.
[4]杨理华,陈国林.唐山地震的宏观烈度分布[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,6(1):1-8.
[5]董津城.唐山地震砂土液化的研究[J].工程勘察,1984,(5):7-14.
[6]于山,苏幼坡,刘天适,等.唐山大地震震后救援与恢复重建[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002:83.
[7]邱毅.唐山地震液化场地再调查及数据分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,硕士学位论文,2008.
[8]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.
[9]若松加寿江.日本の液状化覆歷マップ[M].東京:東京大学出版会,2011:23.
[10]高振寰,胡碧茹,张镝亚.唐山地震震害的若干地质问题[J].华北地震科学,1983,(4):64-72.
[11]中村正次.東北地方太平洋沖地震による関東地方の地盤液状化現象の実態解明調查につぃて[J].新都市,2012,66(2):12-15.
[2]王维铭,孙锐,曹振中,等.国内外地震液化场地特征对比研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3913-3919.
[3]Terzaghi,K.Theoretical Soil Mechanics[M].New York:JohnWiley and Sons,1943.
[4]杨理华,陈国林.唐山地震的宏观烈度分布[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,6(1):1-8.
[5]董津城.唐山地震砂土液化的研究[J].工程勘察,1984,(5):7-14.
[6]于山,苏幼坡,刘天适,等.唐山大地震震后救援与恢复重建[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002:83.
[7]邱毅.唐山地震液化场地再调查及数据分析[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,硕士学位论文,2008.
[8]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.
[9]若松加寿江.日本の液状化覆歷マップ[M].東京:東京大学出版会,2011:23.
[10]高振寰,胡碧茹,张镝亚.唐山地震震害的若干地质问题[J].华北地震科学,1983,(4):64-72.
[11]中村正次.東北地方太平洋沖地震による関東地方の地盤液状化現象の実態解明調查につぃて[J].新都市,2012,66(2):12-15.
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