近断层地震动作用下土质边坡动力响应研究
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摘要
根据汶川地震中滑坡多沿断层分布的特点,利用FLAC有限差分软件建立了一个土质边坡动力数值分析模型,分别研究了具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应和无速度脉冲的近断层地震动作用下边坡的动力响应。结果表明:含速度脉冲地震动对边坡的破坏作用远强于无速度脉冲地震动,且具有滑冲效应的地震动引起的边坡动力响应稍大于向前方向性效应地震动。近断层地震作用下,边坡水平方向绝对峰值加速度分布存在沿高程放大效应。具有向前方向性效应的地震动会增强边坡加速度的高程放大效应而具有滑冲效应的地震动则在一定程度上削弱了这种放大效应,且边坡中下部绝对峰值加速度值相对于向前方向性效应地震动和无速度脉冲地震动引起的绝对峰值加速度值较大。
On the basis of the distribution characteristics of landslides along the fault in the Wenchuan earthquake,the finite difference FLAC program was applied to analyze the dynamic response of the soil slope by using the nonlinear time-history method.Near-fault ground motions with the forward directivity effect,fling-step effect,and non-pulse were selected as seismic inputs.The results show that the potential damages to slopes caused by pulse-like ground motions are significantly greater than the cases with non-pulse ground motions,and the dynamic responses of slopes caused by fling-step pulses are slightly larger than those associated with forward directivity pulses.An amplification effect of the peak horizontal acceleration is apparent in the vertical direction of slope,and the amplification coefficient increases under forward directivity pulses and decreases under flin-step pulses.Furthermore,the peak horizontal acceleration at the bottom of slope induced by fling-step ground motions is larger than that of forward directivity or non-pulse ground motions.
On the basis of the distribution characteristics of landslides along the fault in the Wenchuan earthquake,the finite difference FLAC program was applied to analyze the dynamic response of the soil slope by using the nonlinear time-history method.Near-fault ground motions with the forward directivity effect,fling-step effect,and non-pulse were selected as seismic inputs.The results show that the potential damages to slopes caused by pulse-like ground motions are significantly greater than the cases with non-pulse ground motions,and the dynamic responses of slopes caused by fling-step pulses are slightly larger than those associated with forward directivity pulses.An amplification effect of the peak horizontal acceleration is apparent in the vertical direction of slope,and the amplification coefficient increases under forward directivity pulses and decreases under flin-step pulses.Furthermore,the peak horizontal acceleration at the bottom of slope induced by fling-step ground motions is larger than that of forward directivity or non-pulse ground motions.
引文
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[2]言志信,曹小红,张刘平,等.地震作用下黄土边坡动力响应数值分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(Supp.2):610-614.YAN Zhi-xin,CAO Xiao-hong,ZHANG Liu-ping,et al.Nu-merical Analysis of Loess Slope Dynamic Response underEarthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Supp.2):610-614.
[3]杨庆华,姚令侃,邱燕玲,等.高烈度地震区岩土体边坡崩塌动力学特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):33-39.YANG Qing-hua,YAO Ling-kan,QIU Yan-ling,et al.Re-search on Dynamical Characteristics of Collapse of Rock andSoil Slope in High Seismic Intensity Areas[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2011,33(1):33-39.
[4]倪振强,孔纪名,阿发友.地震作用下非贯通节理岩体斜坡破坏的物理模型试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(3):209-214.NI Zhen-qiang,KONG Ji-ming,A Fa-you.Physical ModelTest of Rocky Slope Failure Containing Intermittent Joints un-der Earthquake action[J].Northwestern Seismological Jour-nal,2012,34(3):209-214.
[5]杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(4):696-702.YANG Guo-xiang,WU Fa-quan,DONG Jin-yu,et al.Studyof Dynamic Response Characters and Failure Mechanism ofRock Slope under Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2012,31(4):696-702.
[6]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723.ZHENG Ying-ren,YE Hai-lin,HUANG Run-qiu.Analysisand Discussion of Failure Mechanism and Fracture Surface ofSlope under Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechan-ics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723.
[7]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164-171.LIU Hong-shuai,BO Jing-shan,LIU De-dong.Review onStudy of Seismic Stability Analysis of Rock-soil Slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):164-171.
[8]祁生文.单面边坡的两种动力反应形式及其临界高度[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):518-523.QI Sheng-wen.Two Patterns of Dynamic Responses of Single-free-surface Slopes and Their Threshold Height[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):518-523.
[9]Reza Sehhati,Adrian Rodriguez-Marek,Mohamed ElGawady,et al.Effects of Near-fault Ground Motions and EquivalentPulses on Multi-story Structures[J].Engineering Structures,2011,33(3):767-779.
[10]Kalkan E,Kunnath S K.Effects of Fling Step and ForwardDirectivity on Seismic Response of Building[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2006,22(2):367-390.
[11]江义,杨迪雄,李刚.近断层地震动向前方向性效应和滑冲效应对高层钢结构地震反应的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(9):103-110.JIANG Yi,YANG Di-xiong,LI Gang.Effects of ForwardDirectivity and Fling Step of Near-fault Ground Motions onSeismic Responses of High-rise Steel Structure[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2010,31(9):103-110.
[12]张鹏,陈新民,王旭东.近断层地震动与汶川地震灾区滑坡破坏特征分析[J].南京工业大学学报,2009,31(1):55-59.ZHANG Peng,CHEN Xin-in,WANG Xun-dong.Analysisof Near-fault Ground Motion and Seismic Landslide FailureMode in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Najing Uni-versity of Technology,2009,31(1):55-59.
[13]袁一凡,孙柏涛.汶川8.0级地震工程震害概览[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(增刊):1-118.YUAN Yi-fan,SUN Bai-tao.General Introduction of Engi-neering Damage of Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake[J].Earth-quake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(Supp):1-118.
[14]Idriss I M,Seed H B.Seismic Response of Horizontal SoilLayers[J]〗.Journal of the Soil Mechanics and FoundationDivision,ASCE,1968,94(SM4):1003-1029.
[15]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.LIU Bo,HAN Yan-hui.FLAC Principle Instanxes and Ap-plication Guide[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2005.
[16]刁桂苓,徐锡伟,陈于高,等.汶川MW7.9和集集MW7.6地震前应力场转换现象及其可能的前兆意义[J].地球物理学报,2011,1(54):128-136.DIAO Gui-ling,XU Xi-wei,CHEN Yue-gao,et al.The Pre-cursory Significance of Tectonic Stress Field Transformationbefore the Wenchuan MW7.9Earthquake and the Chi-ChiMW7.6 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,1(54):128-136.
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