地震相关性分段约束多道速度反演
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摘要
基于模型的波阻抗(速度)反演中,约束是不可缺少的,它可以有效地减少反演多解性和提高运算效率.国内外大量学者均详细论述了一些反演的约束手段,但对于地震道与地震道之间的约束,除了采用测井外推模式之外,就鲜有介绍,相同的约束条件直接应用于全部的地震道,不再变化,这样势必会增加运算时间和影响反演效果.针对这些问题,本文描述了一种地震相关性分段约束速度反演的方法,其目的在于增加内在的道与道之间的约束,主要采用了地震道的相关特征去优化约束条件与减少反演计算量.本文先分析了地震反演的不同内在约束方法,并利用地震的相关性去分段自动选择约束的强弱与范围大小,而不是在全部地震道反演中采用相同的约束参数,即可大大优化运算效率;其次设计两个数学模型进行反演验证,在反演效果比较符合实际的基础上,运算时间大大减少;最后引入中国东部某地区的实例对该方法进行检验,反演剖面上可以清楚观察出冲积扇的沉积特点,各期砂体清晰可见,便于追踪解释与储层预测,具有较高的分辨率与可信度.结果表明该方法是一种有利于提高反演效果和效率的方法.
Model-based impedance inversion method is usually used in practical work,but the model set can be infinite bandwidth.It is not limited by seismic records,so model-based inversion will bring multi-solution,In other words,forward theories record of different models coincide with the actual seismic records.In order to reduce this multi-solution,the inversion must be using a variety of constraints,so the constrained method determines the authenticity of the inversion solution,at the same time the accurate constraints can reduce the number of iterations,thereby enhancing the operational efficiency.Many scholars have discussed in detail some of the constraints method of seismic inversion,but rarely described in the constraint between seismic trace,most methods are used well logging extrapolation,this ignores the correlation characteristics of seismic trace,will increase the computing time inversion.For these issues,this paper describes a method about seismic correlation constrained velocity inversion,mainly uses relevant characteristics of seismic to optimize constraints and reduce the computation,when seismic correlation is strong that reduce constraints and the number of iterations,otherwise increase the constraints and the number of iterations,so this can reduce the inversion time and Improve the inversion effect.This paper first analyzes the different constraints of seismic inversion methods,and uses seismic correlation to select the strength of constraints and the range of constraints,but not in all seismic trace inversion uses the same constraint parameters,it can greatly optimize the efficiency of operations;Then we design two mathematical models to validate the inversion method,the conclusion indicates the results of inversion conform to actual results and this method can greatly reduce the computing time.Finally,we used the actual data in eastern China to test the method;the characteristic of alluvial fan deposition are very obvious in the Inversion profile,the period of sand is clearly visible,and has a certain resolution and reliability.
Model-based impedance inversion method is usually used in practical work,but the model set can be infinite bandwidth.It is not limited by seismic records,so model-based inversion will bring multi-solution,In other words,forward theories record of different models coincide with the actual seismic records.In order to reduce this multi-solution,the inversion must be using a variety of constraints,so the constrained method determines the authenticity of the inversion solution,at the same time the accurate constraints can reduce the number of iterations,thereby enhancing the operational efficiency.Many scholars have discussed in detail some of the constraints method of seismic inversion,but rarely described in the constraint between seismic trace,most methods are used well logging extrapolation,this ignores the correlation characteristics of seismic trace,will increase the computing time inversion.For these issues,this paper describes a method about seismic correlation constrained velocity inversion,mainly uses relevant characteristics of seismic to optimize constraints and reduce the computation,when seismic correlation is strong that reduce constraints and the number of iterations,otherwise increase the constraints and the number of iterations,so this can reduce the inversion time and Improve the inversion effect.This paper first analyzes the different constraints of seismic inversion methods,and uses seismic correlation to select the strength of constraints and the range of constraints,but not in all seismic trace inversion uses the same constraint parameters,it can greatly optimize the efficiency of operations;Then we design two mathematical models to validate the inversion method,the conclusion indicates the results of inversion conform to actual results and this method can greatly reduce the computing time.Finally,we used the actual data in eastern China to test the method;the characteristic of alluvial fan deposition are very obvious in the Inversion profile,the period of sand is clearly visible,and has a certain resolution and reliability.
引文
[1]黄捍东,张如伟,魏世平.地震非线性随机反演方法在陆相薄砂岩储层预测中的应用.石油学报,2009,30(3):386-390.Huang H D,Zhang R W,Wei S P.Research on application ofseismic nonlinear random inversion to reservoir prediction inthe thin sandstone of continental deposits.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2009,30(3):386-390.
[2]徐岩,舒萍,纪学雁.松辽盆地徐深气田火山岩气藏地质约束-测井地震建模方法探讨.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):336-342.Xu Y,Shu P,Ji X Y.A research on object-control geologymodeling of volcano reservoir with seismic and logging data inXushen gas field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):336-342.
[3]唐华风,李瑞磊,吴艳辉等.火山地层结构特征及其对波阻抗反演的约束.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):620-627.Tang H F,Li R L,Wu Y H,et al.Textural characteristics ofvolcanic strata and its constraint to impedance inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):620-627.
[4]毕海龙,高凤霞,刘财等.波动方程参数反演方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):632-640.Bi H L,Gao F X,Liu C,et al.Progress in parameter inversealgorithms for wave equation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(2):632-640.
[5]张爱印,李学文,董守华.测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):533-536.Zhang A Y,Li X W,Dong S H.Application of loggingconstrained inversion to the 3-D seismic lithological explorationin coalfield.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(3):533-536.
[6]崔成军,龚姚进,申大媛.波阻抗反演在储层预测研究中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):9-15.Cui C J,Gong Y J,Shen D Y.Application of wave impedanceinversion to reservoir prediction research.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(1):9-15.
[7]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):423-238.Li Q Z.On strategy of seismic restricted inversion.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(4):423-238.
[8]张风雪,吴庆举,李永华等.FMM射线追踪方法在地震学正演和反演中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1197-1205.Zhang F X,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.Application of FMM raytracing to forward and inverse problems of seismology.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(4):1197-1205.
[9]傅红笋,韩波.二维波动方程速度的正则化-同伦-测井约束反演.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1441-1448.Fu H S,Han B.A regularization homotopy method for theinverse problem of 2-D wave equation and well log constraintinversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1441-1448.
[10]魏超,郑晓东,李劲松.非线性AVO反演方法研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(8):2110-2116.Wei C,Zheng X D,Li J S.A study on nonlinear AVOinverse method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(8):2110-2116.
[11]刘爱群,盖永浩.测井约束反演过程中测井资料统计分析研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1487-1492.Liu A Q,Gai Y H.Analysis and research of log informationin the process of oil well logging restraint inversion.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1487-1492.
[12]宋维琪,杨晓东.单震相微地震事件识别与反演.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1592-1599.Song W Q,Yang X D.Micro-seismic events recognition andinversion in the case of single seismic phase.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1592-1599.
[13]郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2006,45(4):397-400.Guo C B,Yang X B,Chen H Y,et al.Constrained sparsepulse inversion research in north of Haitongji depression.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(4):397-400.
[14]张宏兵,杨长春,尚作萍等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):837-844.Zhang H B,Yang C C,Shang Z P.Impedance inversion withsoft constrained mode.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):837-844.
[15]李维新,王红,姚振兴等.基于约束条件横波速度反演和流体替代.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):785-791.Li W X,Wang H,Yao Z X,et al.Shear-wave velocityestimation and fluid substitution by constraint method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):785-791.
[16]刘百红,李建华,魏小东等.随机反演在储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):581-589.Liu B H,Li J H,Wei X D,et al.The application ofStochastic seismic inversion in reservoir prediction.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):581-589.
[17]姜秀娣,魏修成,黄捍东等.部分叠加资料纵横波速度测井约束反演.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):254-262.Jiang X D,Wei X C,Huang H D,et al.P and S wavevelocity inversions by partially stacked angle data andrestraint of well logging.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2009,24(1):254-262.
[18]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory.Methods for data fittingand model parameter estimation.America:Elsevier SciencePubl.Co,1987:245-357.
[19]Bayes T.An Essay towards solving aproblem in the doctrineof chances.Philos.Trans.Roy.Soc.London,1763,45:298-315.
[20]Scales J A,Snieder R.To Bayes or not to Bayes?Geophysics,1997,62(4):1045-1046.
[21]陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.基于贝叶斯理论的振幅随偏移距变化三参数同步反演.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):33-38.Chen J J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Simultaneous three-termAVO inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)(inChinese),2007,31(3):33-38.
[22]杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1876-1882.Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programmingBayesian prestack inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[23]陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260.Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveforminversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[24]陈建江,朱兴卉.AVO反演的不确定性分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1461-1467.Chen J J,Zhu X F.Uncertainty analysis for AVO inversion.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1461-1467.
[25]Vest R T.Seismic data inversion using geologic constraints.SEG 60th Expanded Abstracts,1990:1151-1153
[26]马劲风,王学军,贾春环等.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究.石油物探,2000,39(2):52-63.Ma J F,Wang X J,Jia C H,et al.Study of constraintmethodology in constrained impedance inversion.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(2):52-63.
[2]徐岩,舒萍,纪学雁.松辽盆地徐深气田火山岩气藏地质约束-测井地震建模方法探讨.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):336-342.Xu Y,Shu P,Ji X Y.A research on object-control geologymodeling of volcano reservoir with seismic and logging data inXushen gas field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):336-342.
[3]唐华风,李瑞磊,吴艳辉等.火山地层结构特征及其对波阻抗反演的约束.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):620-627.Tang H F,Li R L,Wu Y H,et al.Textural characteristics ofvolcanic strata and its constraint to impedance inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):620-627.
[4]毕海龙,高凤霞,刘财等.波动方程参数反演方法研究进展.地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):632-640.Bi H L,Gao F X,Liu C,et al.Progress in parameter inversealgorithms for wave equation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(2):632-640.
[5]张爱印,李学文,董守华.测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的应用.地球物理学进展,2004,19(3):533-536.Zhang A Y,Li X W,Dong S H.Application of loggingconstrained inversion to the 3-D seismic lithological explorationin coalfield.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(3):533-536.
[6]崔成军,龚姚进,申大媛.波阻抗反演在储层预测研究中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(1):9-15.Cui C J,Gong Y J,Shen D Y.Application of wave impedanceinversion to reservoir prediction research.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(1):9-15.
[7]李庆忠.论地震约束反演的策略.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(4):423-238.Li Q Z.On strategy of seismic restricted inversion.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(4):423-238.
[8]张风雪,吴庆举,李永华等.FMM射线追踪方法在地震学正演和反演中的应用.地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1197-1205.Zhang F X,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.Application of FMM raytracing to forward and inverse problems of seismology.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(4):1197-1205.
[9]傅红笋,韩波.二维波动方程速度的正则化-同伦-测井约束反演.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1441-1448.Fu H S,Han B.A regularization homotopy method for theinverse problem of 2-D wave equation and well log constraintinversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1441-1448.
[10]魏超,郑晓东,李劲松.非线性AVO反演方法研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(8):2110-2116.Wei C,Zheng X D,Li J S.A study on nonlinear AVOinverse method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(8):2110-2116.
[11]刘爱群,盖永浩.测井约束反演过程中测井资料统计分析研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1487-1492.Liu A Q,Gai Y H.Analysis and research of log informationin the process of oil well logging restraint inversion.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1487-1492.
[12]宋维琪,杨晓东.单震相微地震事件识别与反演.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1592-1599.Song W Q,Yang X D.Micro-seismic events recognition andinversion in the case of single seismic phase.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1592-1599.
[13]郭朝斌,杨小波,陈红岳等.约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用.石油物探,2006,45(4):397-400.Guo C B,Yang X B,Chen H Y,et al.Constrained sparsepulse inversion research in north of Haitongji depression.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(4):397-400.
[14]张宏兵,杨长春,尚作萍等.基于软约束模式的波阻抗反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):837-844.Zhang H B,Yang C C,Shang Z P.Impedance inversion withsoft constrained mode.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):837-844.
[15]李维新,王红,姚振兴等.基于约束条件横波速度反演和流体替代.地球物理学报,2009,52(3):785-791.Li W X,Wang H,Yao Z X,et al.Shear-wave velocityestimation and fluid substitution by constraint method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3):785-791.
[16]刘百红,李建华,魏小东等.随机反演在储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):581-589.Liu B H,Li J H,Wei X D,et al.The application ofStochastic seismic inversion in reservoir prediction.Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):581-589.
[17]姜秀娣,魏修成,黄捍东等.部分叠加资料纵横波速度测井约束反演.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):254-262.Jiang X D,Wei X C,Huang H D,et al.P and S wavevelocity inversions by partially stacked angle data andrestraint of well logging.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2009,24(1):254-262.
[18]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory.Methods for data fittingand model parameter estimation.America:Elsevier SciencePubl.Co,1987:245-357.
[19]Bayes T.An Essay towards solving aproblem in the doctrineof chances.Philos.Trans.Roy.Soc.London,1763,45:298-315.
[20]Scales J A,Snieder R.To Bayes or not to Bayes?Geophysics,1997,62(4):1045-1046.
[21]陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.基于贝叶斯理论的振幅随偏移距变化三参数同步反演.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,31(3):33-38.Chen J J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.Simultaneous three-termAVO inversion based on Bayesian theorem.Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)(inChinese),2007,31(3):33-38.
[22]杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1876-1882.Yang P J,Yin X Y.Non-linear quadratic programmingBayesian prestack inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[23]陈建江,印兴耀.基于贝叶斯理论的AVO三参数波形反演.地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1251-1260.Chen J J,Yin X Y.Three-parameter AVO waveforminversion based on Bayesian theorem.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1251-1260.
[24]陈建江,朱兴卉.AVO反演的不确定性分析.地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1461-1467.Chen J J,Zhu X F.Uncertainty analysis for AVO inversion.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1461-1467.
[25]Vest R T.Seismic data inversion using geologic constraints.SEG 60th Expanded Abstracts,1990:1151-1153
[26]马劲风,王学军,贾春环等.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究.石油物探,2000,39(2):52-63.Ma J F,Wang X J,Jia C H,et al.Study of constraintmethodology in constrained impedance inversion.GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2000,39(2):52-63.
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