基于流–固耦合的近海风电基础地震反应分析
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摘要
结合近海风电单桩及四桩基础支撑体系工程实际场地资料,采用有限元数值分析方法,考虑水–土–结构动力相互作用,即考虑流–固耦合效应、饱和土的多孔介质渗流属性及桩–土接触相互作用,分析结构体系动力特性及地震反应。分析单桩有水与无水及四桩有水与无水4种工况支撑体系的自振特性和单桩有水与无水2种工况支撑体系的地震反应。结果表明:水层对结构低阶频率影响不大,对高阶频率降低幅度较大;水层对体系的水平位移、竖向沉降、峰值加速度及有效应力均有不同程度地削减;地震作用下土体的超静孔隙水压力呈现波动特性;结构的位移及应力响应均能满足规范要求。证明考虑多介质耦合的动力有限元分析方法是解决复杂海上风电基础地震响应的有效方法。
According to the site information of an offshore project of wind turbine,the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the supporting system of turbine were analyzed by considering the complicated interactions of water,soil,and supporting system. The fluid-structure coupling,the seepage of saturated soil and the pile-soil contact behaviour were simulated using the finite element method. Four working conditions were considered for the analysis of characteristics of natural vibration, i.e. the single-pile supporting with water and without water in consideration,the four-pile supporting with water and without water in consideration. The results from the simulations indicated that water had negligible influence on the lower-order frequencies of the structure,but led to a large reduction on the high-order frequencies. Water reduced the horizontal and the vertical displacements, the peak acceleration and the effective stress of the supporting system. The excess pore water pressure in the foundation soil fluctuated under seismic actions. The calculated structural displacements and effective stresses met the regulation requirements.
According to the site information of an offshore project of wind turbine,the dynamic characteristics and the seismic response of the supporting system of turbine were analyzed by considering the complicated interactions of water,soil,and supporting system. The fluid-structure coupling,the seepage of saturated soil and the pile-soil contact behaviour were simulated using the finite element method. Four working conditions were considered for the analysis of characteristics of natural vibration, i.e. the single-pile supporting with water and without water in consideration,the four-pile supporting with water and without water in consideration. The results from the simulations indicated that water had negligible influence on the lower-order frequencies of the structure,but led to a large reduction on the high-order frequencies. Water reduced the horizontal and the vertical displacements, the peak acceleration and the effective stress of the supporting system. The excess pore water pressure in the foundation soil fluctuated under seismic actions. The calculated structural displacements and effective stresses met the regulation requirements.
引文
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[2]KARADENIZ H.Stochastic analysis of offshore steel structures:an analytical appraisal[M].[S.l.]:Springer,2012.
[3]Global Data.Monopole foundation:dominance in offshore wind foundation industry[R].Denmark:[s.n.],2013:1–18.
[4]王国粹,王伟,杨敏.3.6 MW海上风机单桩基础设计与分析[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增2):95–100.(WANG Guocui,WANG Wei,YANG Min.Design and analysis of monopile foundation for 3.6MW offshore wind turbine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Supp.2):95–100.(in Chinese))
[5]郭玉树,阿布达,雷赫曼,等.用循环三轴试验分析海上风力发电机单桩基础侧向位移[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(11):1 729–1 734.(GUO Yushu,ACHMUS Martin,ABDEL-RAHMAN Khalid,et al.Estimation of lateral deformation of monopile foundations by use of cyclic triaxial tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(11):1 729–1 734.(in Chinese))
[6]ADHIKARI S,BHATTACHARYA S.Vibrations of wind-turbines considering soil-structure interaction[J].Wind and Structures,2011,14(2):85.
[7]ANDERSEN L V,VAHDATIRAD M J,SICHANI M T,et al.Natural frequencies of wind turbines on monopile foundations in clayey soils—a probabilistic approach[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2012,43:1–11.
[8]ZAAIJER M B.Foundation modelling to assess dynamic behaviour of offshore wind turbines[J].Applied Ocean Research,2006,28(1):45–57.
[9]SHIRZADEH R,DEVRIENDT C,BIDAKHVIDI M A,et al.Experimental and computational damping estimation of an offshore wind turbine on a monopile foundation[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,120:96–106.
[10]BISOI S,HALDAR S.Dynamic analysis of offshore wind turbine in clay considering soil–monopole–tower interaction[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2014,63:19–35.
[11]ADINA R and D,Inc..Theory and modeling guide volume I:ADINA[M].USA:ADINA R and D,Inc.,2012:225–229.
[12]岳戈.ADINA流体与固体耦合功能的高级应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2009:57–67.(YUE Ge.Advanced application functions of FSI of ADINA[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2009:57–67.(in Chinese))
[13]董泽蛟,谭忆秋,曹丽萍,等.水–荷载耦合作用下沥青路面孔隙水压力研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(10):1 614–1 617.(DONG Zejiao,TAN Yiqiu,CAO Liping,et al.Research on pore pressure with in a sphalt pavement under the coupled moisture-loading action[J].Journal of Harbin Institute University,2007,39(10):1 614–1 617.(in Chinese))
[14]楼梦麟,潘旦光,范立础.土层地震反应分析中侧向人工边界的影响[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(7):757–761.(LOU Menglin,PAN Danguang,FAN Lichu.Effect of vertical artificial boundary on seismic response of soil layer[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2003,31(7):757–761.(in Chinese))
[15]胡铖波,梅岭,梅国雄,等.桩土模型中土体边界选取的有限元分析[J].建筑科学,2009,25(9):18–20.(HU Chengbo,MEI Ling,MEI Guoxiong,et al.Finite element method for selecting the soil boundary in the model of pile-soil[J].Building Science,2009,25(9):18–20.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50010—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(The National Standards Compilation Groups of the People′s Republic of China.GB 50010—2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50135—2006高耸结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.(The National Standards Compilation Groups of the People′s Republic of China.GB 50135—2006 Code for design of high-rise structures[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2007.(in Chinese))
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