平潭海域地震层序及地层层序特征
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摘要
高分辨率地震勘探技术是进行浅部地质勘探较经济有效的方法,应用DAS-1型高分辨率数字地震仪对平潭海域地层层序进行了探测研究.通过地震资料的解释,根据地震反射波及反射界面特征,共划分出T_1~0、T_1~1、T_2~0、T_3~0、T_4~0、T_5~0及Tg等七个反射界面,其中以角度不整合界面T_3~0为界将本区的沉积地层划为两大套,二者之间曾经发生过一次规模较大的构造运动;Tg为地震勘探的声波基底.依据地震层序划分原则和方法,自上而下将基底反射界面以上的地震反射层划为不同的七个地震层序,即:Ⅰ(海底面～T_1~0)、Ⅱ(T_1~0～T_1~1)、Ⅲ(T_1~1～T_2~0)、Ⅳ(T_2~0～T_3~0)、Ⅴ(T_3~0～T_4~0)、Ⅵ(T_3~0、T_4~10～T_5~0)及Ⅶ(T_5~0～Tg)层序.经与研究区内以及相邻海域已知地质资料的对比分析,大致确定该海域七个不同地震层序的地质年代分别为:Q_3～Q_4、Q_2、N_2、N_1、E_2、E_1、K_2,研究区域的沉积基底可能由中生代(J_3～K_1)中酸性火山岩系及燕山期中酸性侵入岩或混合岩组成.
The technique of high resolution multi-channel seismic exploration is a most cost-effective way for shallow geological exploration.Using the DAS-1 high resolution multi-channel seismic instrument,we surveyed the stratigraphic sequence of the Pingtan sea area.Based on the interpretation of the multi-channel seismic data,according to the characteristics of seismic reflection records and reflector,the whole seismic retlecting layers can be divided into 7 different reflectors marked as T_1~0,T_1~1,T_2~0,T_3~0,T_4~0,T_5~0 and Tg.T_3~0 reflector is an angular unconformity interface, while Tg reflector is the acoustic basement for the seismic exploration.Taking T_3~0 reflector as the boundary,the sedimentary strata in this area can be divided into two major sets,that is to say,there is a strong tectonic movement have taken place between them.Based on the principle of division of the seismic sequence and methods,the seismic strata which are upon the basement of the seismic reflection can be divided into 7 different seismic sequences from the top to the bottom in this area,which are marked as follows:Ⅰ (sea floor～T_1~0),Ⅱ(T_1~0～T_1~1),Ⅲ (T_1~1～T_2~0),Ⅳ (T_2~0 ～T_3~0),Ⅴ (T_3~0～T_4~0).Ⅵ (T_3~0,T_4~0～T_5~0) and Ⅶ (T_5~0～Tg).Compared with the geological data of adjacent areas, these seismic sequences separately belong to the era of Q_3～Q_4,Q_2,N_2,N_1,E_2,E_1,and K_2.The sedimentary basement may consist of intermediate acidity volcanics that formed in Mesozoic (J_3～K_1) and intermediate acidity intrusive rock or mixed rock formed in the Yanshan era.
The technique of high resolution multi-channel seismic exploration is a most cost-effective way for shallow geological exploration.Using the DAS-1 high resolution multi-channel seismic instrument,we surveyed the stratigraphic sequence of the Pingtan sea area.Based on the interpretation of the multi-channel seismic data,according to the characteristics of seismic reflection records and reflector,the whole seismic retlecting layers can be divided into 7 different reflectors marked as T_1~0,T_1~1,T_2~0,T_3~0,T_4~0,T_5~0 and Tg.T_3~0 reflector is an angular unconformity interface, while Tg reflector is the acoustic basement for the seismic exploration.Taking T_3~0 reflector as the boundary,the sedimentary strata in this area can be divided into two major sets,that is to say,there is a strong tectonic movement have taken place between them.Based on the principle of division of the seismic sequence and methods,the seismic strata which are upon the basement of the seismic reflection can be divided into 7 different seismic sequences from the top to the bottom in this area,which are marked as follows:Ⅰ (sea floor～T_1~0),Ⅱ(T_1~0～T_1~1),Ⅲ (T_1~1～T_2~0),Ⅳ (T_2~0 ～T_3~0),Ⅴ (T_3~0～T_4~0).Ⅵ (T_3~0,T_4~0～T_5~0) and Ⅶ (T_5~0～Tg).Compared with the geological data of adjacent areas, these seismic sequences separately belong to the era of Q_3～Q_4,Q_2,N_2,N_1,E_2,E_1,and K_2.The sedimentary basement may consist of intermediate acidity volcanics that formed in Mesozoic (J_3～K_1) and intermediate acidity intrusive rock or mixed rock formed in the Yanshan era.
引文
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[13] 何良军,张藻,楼颂平,等.物探在长江水下三角州勘探淡水资源的重要作用和意义[J].上海地质,2006,(1) :1～4． He L J,Zhang Z,Lou S P,et al.The important function and significance of geophysical surveying technique in freshwater exploration in changjiang underwater delta [J].Shanghai Geology,2006,(1) :1 ～4．
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[17] 栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜,等.海域天然气水合物勘测的地球物理方法[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :210～219．
Luan X W,Zhao K B,Sun D S,etal.Geophysical methods for marine gas hydrates exploration [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23 (1) :210～219．
[18] Bull J,Gutowski M,Dix J,et al.Design of a 3D chirp subbottom imaging system[J].Marine Geophysical Researches,2005,26:157～169．
[19] Vardy M E,Dix J K,Henstock T J,et al.Decimeter resolution 3D seismic volume in shallow water:a case study in small-object detection[J].Geophysics,2008,73 (2) .
[20] M(u|¨)ller C,Woelz S,Ersoy Y,et al.Ultra high-resolution marine 2D-3D seismic investigation of the Liman Tepe/ Karantina Island archaeological site (Urla/Turkey) [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,68 :124～ 134．
[21] Flemming J,Holger L A,Peter B E,et al.Geophysical investigations of buried Quaternary valleys in Denmark:an integrated application of transient electromagnetic soundings,reflection seismic surveys and exploratory drillings [J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2003,53 :215 ～ 228．
[22] 王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,等.1999年台湾集集地震震源破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1) :132～147． Wang W M,Zhao L F,Li J,et al.Rupture process of the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake in 1999 [J].· Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2005,48(1) :132～147．
[23] 杨肖琪,宋文隆,陈承惠.台湾海峡地质构造特征[J].台湾海峡,1996,15(2) :127～136． Yang X Q,Song W L,Chen C H.Characteristics of geological structure in Taiwan Strait [J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,1996,15(2) :127～136．
[24] 陈园田,王志鹏,叶建辉,等.台湾海峡及其两岸的地球动力学环境[J].地壳形变与地震,1999,19(2) :28～45． Chen Y T,Wang Z P,Ye J H,et al.Geodynamics environment in the Taiwan straits and its both coasts[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1999,19(2) :28～45．
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