炮孔不同耦合介质对碳酸盐岩爆炸地震信号影响分析
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摘要
为选取最佳炮孔耦合介质以改善碳酸盐岩中地震勘探震源的激发效果,基于弹性波理论建立炮孔不同耦合介质(空气、水、黏土)孔壁爆炸载荷及透射波比能的计算方法,借助Matlab编程计算得到解析解,并绘制图形进行对比分析。在典型碳酸盐岩场地进行炮孔不同耦合介质的地震波激发试验,应用基于功率谱的能量分析方法对试验数据进行分析。理论计算和现场试验研究均表明:水不耦合装药时,采集的地震波信号能量最强,信号频率最高、信噪比最低;空气不耦合装药时,采集的地震波信号能量次之,信号频率最低、信噪比最高。因此,实际碳酸盐岩储层中,应采用空气不耦合装药的结构形式,并加大炮孔装药量以弥补地震波信号能量,从而改善地震勘探激发效果。
To choose the best borehole coupling medium and improve the seismic exploration excitation effect,the calculation methods of explosion load and transmitted wave specific energy based on the theory of elastic wave are built.The analytical solutions are calculated by program in Matlab;and the graphics are drawn for the comparative analysis.Then,the field experiment is conducted in typical carbonate rock site;and the experimental data are analyzed by the way of energy analysis based on the power spectrum.The theoretical calculation and experimental results show that:(1) When the coupling medium of decoupling charge is water,the seismic wave energy is the biggest,the frequency is the highest,and the signal-to-noise ratio is the lowest.(2) When the coupling medium of decoupling charge is air,the seismic wave energy is smaller than that of water,the frequency is the lowest,and the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest.So,in order to gain a good seismic excitation effect,the air should be used as the coupling medium of decoupling charge in seismic exploration,and the seismic wave energy can be made up by increasing the total charge.
To choose the best borehole coupling medium and improve the seismic exploration excitation effect,the calculation methods of explosion load and transmitted wave specific energy based on the theory of elastic wave are built.The analytical solutions are calculated by program in Matlab;and the graphics are drawn for the comparative analysis.Then,the field experiment is conducted in typical carbonate rock site;and the experimental data are analyzed by the way of energy analysis based on the power spectrum.The theoretical calculation and experimental results show that:(1) When the coupling medium of decoupling charge is water,the seismic wave energy is the biggest,the frequency is the highest,and the signal-to-noise ratio is the lowest.(2) When the coupling medium of decoupling charge is air,the seismic wave energy is smaller than that of water,the frequency is the lowest,and the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest.So,in order to gain a good seismic excitation effect,the air should be used as the coupling medium of decoupling charge in seismic exploration,and the seismic wave energy can be made up by increasing the total charge.
引文
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[12]高金石,张奇.爆破理论与爆破优化[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1985:32–33.(GAO Jinshi,ZHANG Qi.Blasting theory and optimization[M].Xi′an:Xi′an Cartographic Publishing House,1985:32–33.(in Chinese))
[13]杜俊林,周胜兵,宗琦.不耦合装药时孔壁压力的理论分析和求算[J].西安科技大学学报,2007,27(3):347–351.(DU Junlin,ZHOU Shengbing,ZONG Qi.Theoretical analysis of pressure on bore wall of uncouples charge[J].Journal of Xi′an University of Science and Technology,2007,27(3):347–351.(in Chinese))
[14]HENRYCH J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].熊建国译.北京:科学出版社,1987:209–210.(HENRYCH J.The dynamics of explosion and its application[M].Translated by XIONG Jianguo.Beijing:Science Press,1987:209–210.(in Chinese))
[15]赵颜军,傅菊根.不同装药结构条件下爆炸能量的理论计算[J].安徽理工大学学报,2004,24(3):37–39.(ZHAO Yanhui,FU Jugen.Theoretical calculation of explosion energy under the conditions of different charges[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,2004,24(3):37–39.(in Chinese))
[16]李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.爆破震动信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:28–30.(LI Xibing,LING Tonghua,ZHANG Yiping.Blast vibration signals theories and methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:28–30.(in Chinese))
[17]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):405–410.(YAN Junwei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.Analysis of features of energy distribution for blasting seismic wave based on wavelet transform[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(5):405–410.(in Chinese))
[18]闫长斌,王贵军,石守亮,等.岩体爆破损伤声波测试信号频谱特征的小波(包)分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1 496–1 502.(YAN Changbin,WANG Guijun,SHI Shouliang,et al.Analysis of acoustic wave frequency spectrum characters of rock mass under blasting damage based on wavelet(packet)transformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(7):1 496–1 502.(in Chinese))
[19]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.基于功率谱的爆破地震能量分析方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(5):491–495.(LI Hongtao,LU Wenbo,SHU Daqiang,et al.An energy analysis method for blast-induced seismic based on power spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):491–495.(in Chinese))
[2]杨贵祥.碳酸盐裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1 108–1 128.(YANG Guixiang.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1 108–1 128.(in Chinese))
[3]黄锐.川东北碳酸盐岩地区地震勘探技术难点与对策[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):466–480.(HUANG Yue.Technical difficulties in and countermeasures for seismic exploration in the carbonate rock area of northeast Sichuan basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(5):466–480.(in Chinese))
[4]SAYERS C M,EBROM D A.Seismic travel time analysis for azimuthally anisotropic media:theory and experiment[J].Geophysics,1997,62(5):1 570–1 582.
[5]李仲远.南方碳酸盐岩地区地震采集技术方法探讨[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):33–36.(LI Zhongyuan.A discussion on technologies of seismic data acquisition in carbonate rock area of South China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):33–36.(in Chinese))
[6]姜鹏飞,唐德高,龙源,等.不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(1):276–279.(JIANG Pengfei,TANG Degao,LONG Yuan,et al.Numerical analysis of influence of uncoupled explosive-charge structure on stress field in hard rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(1):276–279.(in Chinese))
[7]LEIDIGA M,L.BONNERA J,RATHB T,et al.Quantification of ground vibration differences from well-confined single-hole explosions with variable velocity of detonation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(1):42–49.
[8]SANCHIDRIAN J A,SEGARRA P,LOPEZA L M,et al.Energy components in rock blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(1):130–147.
[9]ZHANG Y D,FANG Q,LIU Q,et al.Numerical and experimental investigation into plane charge explosion technique[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2008,35(10):1 179–1 185.
[10]YANKELEVSKY D Z,FELDGUN V R,KARINSKI Y S,et al.Underground explosion of a cylindrical charge near a buried wall[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2008,35(8):905–919.
[11]杨勤勇,常鉴,徐国庆.灰岩裸露区地震激发机制研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):399–405.(YANG Qinyong,CHANG Jian,XU Guoqing.Study of shooting mechanism of seismic waves in limestone-exposed area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(4):399–405.(in Chinese))
[12]高金石,张奇.爆破理论与爆破优化[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1985:32–33.(GAO Jinshi,ZHANG Qi.Blasting theory and optimization[M].Xi′an:Xi′an Cartographic Publishing House,1985:32–33.(in Chinese))
[13]杜俊林,周胜兵,宗琦.不耦合装药时孔壁压力的理论分析和求算[J].西安科技大学学报,2007,27(3):347–351.(DU Junlin,ZHOU Shengbing,ZONG Qi.Theoretical analysis of pressure on bore wall of uncouples charge[J].Journal of Xi′an University of Science and Technology,2007,27(3):347–351.(in Chinese))
[14]HENRYCH J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].熊建国译.北京:科学出版社,1987:209–210.(HENRYCH J.The dynamics of explosion and its application[M].Translated by XIONG Jianguo.Beijing:Science Press,1987:209–210.(in Chinese))
[15]赵颜军,傅菊根.不同装药结构条件下爆炸能量的理论计算[J].安徽理工大学学报,2004,24(3):37–39.(ZHAO Yanhui,FU Jugen.Theoretical calculation of explosion energy under the conditions of different charges[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,2004,24(3):37–39.(in Chinese))
[16]李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.爆破震动信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:28–30.(LI Xibing,LING Tonghua,ZHANG Yiping.Blast vibration signals theories and methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:28–30.(in Chinese))
[17]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):405–410.(YAN Junwei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.Analysis of features of energy distribution for blasting seismic wave based on wavelet transform[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(5):405–410.(in Chinese))
[18]闫长斌,王贵军,石守亮,等.岩体爆破损伤声波测试信号频谱特征的小波(包)分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1 496–1 502.(YAN Changbin,WANG Guijun,SHI Shouliang,et al.Analysis of acoustic wave frequency spectrum characters of rock mass under blasting damage based on wavelet(packet)transformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(7):1 496–1 502.(in Chinese))
[19]李洪涛,卢文波,舒大强,等.基于功率谱的爆破地震能量分析方法[J].爆炸与冲击,2009,29(5):491–495.(LI Hongtao,LU Wenbo,SHU Daqiang,et al.An energy analysis method for blast-induced seismic based on power spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):491–495.(in Chinese))
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