地理环境因素对糖尿病患者健康的影响
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摘要
许多研究已证实环境应激因素可能会对糖尿病患者的健康产生不良影响。研究环境和糖尿病患者之间的相互作用可以统一在一个专门的学科之下,即"地球环境糖尿病学(Geoenvironmental Diabetology)"。地球环境糖尿病学可更专业地定义为研究地球物理现象影响糖尿病患者的一门学科。这些影响主要包括对代谢控制、辅助治疗设备(例如血糖仪和胰岛素泵)的性能、治疗药物、日常食品供应、健康随访以及对患者在极端情况下糖尿病患者为照顾自身而进行自我适应策略的影响。例如研究自然灾害(如地震)或极端天气(如热波)等地质灾害对糖尿病患者的影响,就属于地球环境糖尿病学范畴。这里需要提出的是,地球环境糖尿病学是指研究地球环境因素如何影响糖尿病患者,而不是研究环境因素可能会导致糖尿病的发生或发展。鉴于糖尿病患病率在全球尤其是在容易遭受自然灾害和气候变化大的地区不断增加,进一步讨论如何在极端地质、极端天气和不断变化的气候条件下更好地对糖尿病患者进行护理是很有必要的。本文将通过分析不同的文献来详细介绍地球环境如何对糖尿病患者产生不利影响,并讨论制定如何管理受地球环境影响的糖尿病患者的策略要求。
引文
[1]Curtiss B,Cook MD.Kay E,et al.Geoenvironmental Diabetology[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2011.5(4):834-842.
[2]Ershow AG.Environmental influences on development of type2 diabetes and obesity:challenges in personalizing prevention and management[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009.3(4):727-034.
[3]Mbanya JC.Global solidarity in a time of crisis:How IDF responded to the disaster in Haiti[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2010,87(3):423-425.
[4]Wiwanitkit V.Post-earthquake problem in management of patients with diabetes mellitus:a comment[J].Diabetes Metab Syndrome.1997,36(3):193-196.
[5]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Update on CDC's Response to Hurricane Katrina.http://www.cdc.gov/od/katrina/09-19-05.htm.Accessed July 21.2010.
[6]World Health Organization.Prevalence of diabetes-world map.http;//www.who.int/entity/diabetes/actionnow/cn/mapdiabprev.pdf.Accessed May 26,2011.
[7]Makinen TM,Hassi J.Health problems in cold work[J].Ind Health,2009.47(3):207-220.
[8]Gikas A,Sotiropoulos A.Pastromas V,et al.Seasonal variation in fasting glucose and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Prim Care Diabetes,2009,3(2):111-114.
[9]Higgins T.Saw S,Sikaris K,et al.Seasonal variation in hemoglobin Alc:is it the same in both hemispheres?[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol.2009,3(4):668-671.
[10]Tonyushkina K.Nichols JH.Glucose meters:a review of technical challenges to obtaining accurate results[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009.3(4):971-980.
[11]Ginsberg BH.Factors affecting blood glucose monitoring:sources of errors in measurement[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009:3(4):903-913.
[12]Cembrowski GC.Smith B,O'Malley EM.Increases in whole blood glucose measurements using optically based self-monitoring of blood glucose analyzers due to extreme Canadian winters[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol.2009,3(4):661-667.
[13]Pearson JF,Bachireddy C,Shyamprasad S,et al.Association between fine particulate matter and diabetes prevalence in the U.S[J].Diabetes Care.2010,33(10):2196-2201.
[14]Stafoggia M,Forastiere F,Faustini A,et al.EpiAir Group.Susceptibility factors to ozone-related mortality:a populationbased case-crossover analysis[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010:182(3):376-384.
[15]Ren C,Melly S,Schwartz J.Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts-a case-crossover analysis at individual level[J].Environ Health,2010,9:3-5.
[16]Jacobs L,Emmerechts J,Mathieu C.et al.Air pollution related prothrombotic changes in persons with diabetes[J].Environ Health Perspect,2010,118(2):191-196.
[17]American Diabetes Association.Medical advice for people with diabetes in emergency situations,http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/ada-emergency-medical-advice.pdf.Accessed May27,2011.
[2]Ershow AG.Environmental influences on development of type2 diabetes and obesity:challenges in personalizing prevention and management[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009.3(4):727-034.
[3]Mbanya JC.Global solidarity in a time of crisis:How IDF responded to the disaster in Haiti[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract,2010,87(3):423-425.
[4]Wiwanitkit V.Post-earthquake problem in management of patients with diabetes mellitus:a comment[J].Diabetes Metab Syndrome.1997,36(3):193-196.
[5]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Update on CDC's Response to Hurricane Katrina.http://www.cdc.gov/od/katrina/09-19-05.htm.Accessed July 21.2010.
[6]World Health Organization.Prevalence of diabetes-world map.http;//www.who.int/entity/diabetes/actionnow/cn/mapdiabprev.pdf.Accessed May 26,2011.
[7]Makinen TM,Hassi J.Health problems in cold work[J].Ind Health,2009.47(3):207-220.
[8]Gikas A,Sotiropoulos A.Pastromas V,et al.Seasonal variation in fasting glucose and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Prim Care Diabetes,2009,3(2):111-114.
[9]Higgins T.Saw S,Sikaris K,et al.Seasonal variation in hemoglobin Alc:is it the same in both hemispheres?[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol.2009,3(4):668-671.
[10]Tonyushkina K.Nichols JH.Glucose meters:a review of technical challenges to obtaining accurate results[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009.3(4):971-980.
[11]Ginsberg BH.Factors affecting blood glucose monitoring:sources of errors in measurement[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol,2009:3(4):903-913.
[12]Cembrowski GC.Smith B,O'Malley EM.Increases in whole blood glucose measurements using optically based self-monitoring of blood glucose analyzers due to extreme Canadian winters[J].J Diabetes Sci Technol.2009,3(4):661-667.
[13]Pearson JF,Bachireddy C,Shyamprasad S,et al.Association between fine particulate matter and diabetes prevalence in the U.S[J].Diabetes Care.2010,33(10):2196-2201.
[14]Stafoggia M,Forastiere F,Faustini A,et al.EpiAir Group.Susceptibility factors to ozone-related mortality:a populationbased case-crossover analysis[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010:182(3):376-384.
[15]Ren C,Melly S,Schwartz J.Modifiers of short-term effects of ozone on mortality in eastern Massachusetts-a case-crossover analysis at individual level[J].Environ Health,2010,9:3-5.
[16]Jacobs L,Emmerechts J,Mathieu C.et al.Air pollution related prothrombotic changes in persons with diabetes[J].Environ Health Perspect,2010,118(2):191-196.
[17]American Diabetes Association.Medical advice for people with diabetes in emergency situations,http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/ada-emergency-medical-advice.pdf.Accessed May27,2011.
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