隐伏活断层地震勘探正演模拟方法
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摘要
浅层高分辨率地震勘探是城市活断层探测手段中最有效、最可靠的方法之一,但是由于隐伏活断层勘探时存在着勘探深度浅、地层的属性差异小以及环境噪声大等因素,导致地震勘探数据信噪比低、反射信号弱等问题,严重影响地震数据的采集、处理和解释。采用一阶应力-速度方程的高阶交错网格有限差分方法,结合完全匹配层(PML)的边界处理方法和通量校正(FCT)法消除频散的技术手段,对活断层模型地震勘探进行正演模拟,清晰直观地表现了断层处的细微差别,有助于地震勘探中对信号的分析与理解。结果表明,这些处理手段结合波动方程有限差分算法,能够有效实现薄层、弱反射的隐伏活断层模型的波场正演模拟,可有效识别隐伏活断层的断层倾角、断距、规模、跨越范围、断层深度以及断裂带影响范围,为分析这些参数对地震记录的影响提供有力帮助,同时结合实测地震数据的处理、解释,为防灾减灾提供具体有力的判据。
The shallow high-resolution seismic prospecting is one of the effective and reliable methods in urban active fault detection.For the shallowness of the object stratum,the tiny difference between the seismic attribute of strata and the ambient noise,it is hard to process and interpret seismic data.In this paper,the staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equations,which are expressed with velocity and stress applying the flux-corrected transport(FCT) method with a perfectly matched layer(PML) Absorbing boundary condition,are used to obtain the synthetic common-shot profile for shallow fault model.The simulated results of fault model show that this method is accurate and distinct.This seismic modeling method is helpful for approximately estimating the location,the depth and the scope of the fault from the synthetic profile during survey,and improving the efficiency of seismic prospecting and the precision and resolution of seismic data processing and interpretation.
The shallow high-resolution seismic prospecting is one of the effective and reliable methods in urban active fault detection.For the shallowness of the object stratum,the tiny difference between the seismic attribute of strata and the ambient noise,it is hard to process and interpret seismic data.In this paper,the staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equations,which are expressed with velocity and stress applying the flux-corrected transport(FCT) method with a perfectly matched layer(PML) Absorbing boundary condition,are used to obtain the synthetic common-shot profile for shallow fault model.The simulated results of fault model show that this method is accurate and distinct.This seismic modeling method is helpful for approximately estimating the location,the depth and the scope of the fault from the synthetic profile during survey,and improving the efficiency of seismic prospecting and the precision and resolution of seismic data processing and interpretation.
引文
[1]汪一鹏.关于“城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价工作大纲(试行)”的几点认识[J].地震地质,2004,26(4):560-565.
[2]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):470-483.
[3]潘纪顺,张先康,刘保金,等.城市活断层的抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探研究[J].中国地震,2003,19(2):148-157.
[4]邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.活动构造定量研究与应用[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):383-392.
[5]Carcione Jose M.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1304-1325.
[6]兰晓雯,晏信飞,王成虎.地震正演模拟在高分辨率隐伏断层地震勘探中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(4):354-359.
[7]Festa G,Nielsen S.PML absorbing boundaries[J].Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,2003,93(2):891-903.
[8]赵海波,王秀明,王东,等.完全匹配层吸收边界在孔隙介质弹性波模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):581-591.
[9]Book D L,Boris J P,Hain K.Flux-corrected transport II:gen-eralization of the method[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1975,18:248-283.
[10]牛滨华,孙春岩.各向同性介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1-200.
[11]董良国,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.
[12]Higdon R L.Absorbing boundary conditions for elastic waves[J].Geophysics,1991,56(2):231-241.
[13]Peng C,Toksoz M N.An optimal absorbing boundary conditionfor finite difference modeling of acoustic and elastic wave propaga-tion[J].Journal of Acoustic Society of America,1994,95:733-745.
[14]Berenger J P.Aperfectly matched layer for the absorption of elec-tromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1994,114:185-200.
[15]Chew W C,Liu Q H.Using perfectly matched layers for elasticdynamics[M]//IEEE Antennas Propagation Society.Proceed-ings of the IEEE Antennas Propagation Society International Sym-posium.Maryland:IEEE Antennas Propagation Society,1996:366-369.
[16]Becache E,Fauqueux S,Joly P.Stability of perfectly matchedlayers,group velocities and anisotropic waves[J].Journal ofComputational Physics,2003,188:399-433.
[17]Fei T.Seismic modeling and reverse-time depth migration by flux-corrected transport[D].Colorado:Colorado School ofMines,1993.
[18]牛滨华,吕景贵,孙春岩,等.叠前面波干扰压制方法的研究与应用[J].现代地质,1999,13(3):334-338.
[19]牛滨华,孙春岩,王海军,等.用SVD与MCC结合法压制地震波场的随机噪音[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):326-333.
[20]苑益军,牛滨华,温书亮,等.塔里木盆地沙漠地区静校正技术方法的应用[J].现代地质,2004,18(1):133-139.
[21]苑益军,徐林.叠前线性干扰自动追踪SVD压制方法[J].现代地质,2007,21(4):733-737.
[22]Boris J P,Book D L.Flux-corrected transport I,SHASTA:Afluid transport algorithmthat works[J].Journal of ComputationalPhysics,1973,11:38-69.
[23]李佳.组分型横观各向同性介质波场模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[24]柯柏林.北京市平原区北部孙河断裂的地热地质特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):43-49.
[25]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东.北京南口一孙河断裂带北段晚第四纪活动的层序地层学研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(4):729-743.
[2]徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.活断层地震地表破裂“避让带”宽度确定的依据与方法[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):470-483.
[3]潘纪顺,张先康,刘保金,等.城市活断层的抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探研究[J].中国地震,2003,19(2):148-157.
[4]邓起东,陈立春,冉勇康.活动构造定量研究与应用[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):383-392.
[5]Carcione Jose M.Seismic modeling[J].Geophysics,2002,67(4):1304-1325.
[6]兰晓雯,晏信飞,王成虎.地震正演模拟在高分辨率隐伏断层地震勘探中的应用[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(4):354-359.
[7]Festa G,Nielsen S.PML absorbing boundaries[J].Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,2003,93(2):891-903.
[8]赵海波,王秀明,王东,等.完全匹配层吸收边界在孔隙介质弹性波模拟中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):581-591.
[9]Book D L,Boris J P,Hain K.Flux-corrected transport II:gen-eralization of the method[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1975,18:248-283.
[10]牛滨华,孙春岩.各向同性介质与地震波传播[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1-200.
[11]董良国,马在田.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.
[12]Higdon R L.Absorbing boundary conditions for elastic waves[J].Geophysics,1991,56(2):231-241.
[13]Peng C,Toksoz M N.An optimal absorbing boundary conditionfor finite difference modeling of acoustic and elastic wave propaga-tion[J].Journal of Acoustic Society of America,1994,95:733-745.
[14]Berenger J P.Aperfectly matched layer for the absorption of elec-tromagnetic waves[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1994,114:185-200.
[15]Chew W C,Liu Q H.Using perfectly matched layers for elasticdynamics[M]//IEEE Antennas Propagation Society.Proceed-ings of the IEEE Antennas Propagation Society International Sym-posium.Maryland:IEEE Antennas Propagation Society,1996:366-369.
[16]Becache E,Fauqueux S,Joly P.Stability of perfectly matchedlayers,group velocities and anisotropic waves[J].Journal ofComputational Physics,2003,188:399-433.
[17]Fei T.Seismic modeling and reverse-time depth migration by flux-corrected transport[D].Colorado:Colorado School ofMines,1993.
[18]牛滨华,吕景贵,孙春岩,等.叠前面波干扰压制方法的研究与应用[J].现代地质,1999,13(3):334-338.
[19]牛滨华,孙春岩,王海军,等.用SVD与MCC结合法压制地震波场的随机噪音[J].现代地质,2001,15(3):326-333.
[20]苑益军,牛滨华,温书亮,等.塔里木盆地沙漠地区静校正技术方法的应用[J].现代地质,2004,18(1):133-139.
[21]苑益军,徐林.叠前线性干扰自动追踪SVD压制方法[J].现代地质,2007,21(4):733-737.
[22]Boris J P,Book D L.Flux-corrected transport I,SHASTA:Afluid transport algorithmthat works[J].Journal of ComputationalPhysics,1973,11:38-69.
[23]李佳.组分型横观各向同性介质波场模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2007.
[24]柯柏林.北京市平原区北部孙河断裂的地热地质特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):43-49.
[25]张世民,王丹丹,刘旭东.北京南口一孙河断裂带北段晚第四纪活动的层序地层学研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(4):729-743.
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