抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病发病率及其影响因素分析
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摘要
目的:调查汶川映秀镇抗震救灾部队官兵皮肤病的发病情况,分析其影响因素,并对营区内杀虫措施效果进行评价。方法:2008年6月15日至6月20日,以映秀镇的两支抗震救灾部队为研究对象,回顾性调查部队官兵在震后1个月内的皮肤病发病情况、帐篷卫生条件和杀虫措施实施情况等内容,采用χ2检验确定差异显著性。结果:映秀镇抗震救灾部队官兵在震后1个月的皮肤病发病率为42.20%,其中虫咬性皮炎和毛囊炎的构成比分别为82.05%和15.38%;震后1、2、4周的皮肤病发病率水平明显高于震前水平(P<0.05),震后4周发病率的升高与在山上过夜相关;采用2.5%溴氰菊酯等杀虫剂对帐篷内外环境进行杀虫,皮肤病发病率由震后2周的26.61%降低至震后3周的0.92%(P<0.05)。结论:抗震救灾部队官兵在震后皮肤病的发病率明显升高,震后恶劣的卫生环境、蚊虫叮咬是官兵皮肤病的主要因素,定期杀虫能有效降低皮肤病的发病率。
Objective:To investigate the incidence and major risk factors of skin diseases in soldiers of the earthquake-rescue troops in Yingxiu Town,and to evaluate the disinsection outcome in the camps.Methods:Two rescue teams were taken as subjects in this study.The incidence of skin diseases,hygiene status in the tents,and disinsection measures within 1 month after Wenchuan Earthquake were retrospectively studied from June 15 to June 20,2008.Chi-square test was used to determine significance of difference.Results:The incidence of skin diseases was 42.20% in the rescue troops during the 1st month after the earthquake,with insect bite dermatitis and hair follicle dermatitis accounting for 82.05% and 15.38%,respectively.The incidences of skin diseases during the 1st,2nd,and 4th week after the earthquake were significantly higher than that before the earthquake(P<0.05);the high incidence during the 4th week was associated with sleeping in the mountainous areas.Disinsection of the tents with 2.0% deltamethrin decreased the incidence of skin disease from 26.61% during the 2nd week to 0.92% during the 3rd week.Conclusion:The incidence of skin disease is obviously increased in the earthquake rescue troops;the major reasons are the poor hygiene condition and bites by the mosquitoes and insects.Regular disinsection can effectively decrease the incidence of skin diseases.
Objective:To investigate the incidence and major risk factors of skin diseases in soldiers of the earthquake-rescue troops in Yingxiu Town,and to evaluate the disinsection outcome in the camps.Methods:Two rescue teams were taken as subjects in this study.The incidence of skin diseases,hygiene status in the tents,and disinsection measures within 1 month after Wenchuan Earthquake were retrospectively studied from June 15 to June 20,2008.Chi-square test was used to determine significance of difference.Results:The incidence of skin diseases was 42.20% in the rescue troops during the 1st month after the earthquake,with insect bite dermatitis and hair follicle dermatitis accounting for 82.05% and 15.38%,respectively.The incidences of skin diseases during the 1st,2nd,and 4th week after the earthquake were significantly higher than that before the earthquake(P<0.05);the high incidence during the 4th week was associated with sleeping in the mountainous areas.Disinsection of the tents with 2.0% deltamethrin decreased the incidence of skin disease from 26.61% during the 2nd week to 0.92% during the 3rd week.Conclusion:The incidence of skin disease is obviously increased in the earthquake rescue troops;the major reasons are the poor hygiene condition and bites by the mosquitoes and insects.Regular disinsection can effectively decrease the incidence of skin diseases.
引文
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[2]戚中田.地震灾后常见的病原体与疫病防控[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:590-592.
[3]Dalton R.Entomology:Battlefield insectica[J].Nature,2008,454:18-19.
[4]常文军,张迁,朱诗应,阮芳铭,曹广文.汶川映秀镇抗震救灾部队营地苍蝇密度、分布及其控制[J].第二军医大学学报,2008,29:734-736.
[5]王华夫,李微微.中国医学昆虫控制史略[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2006,12:47-52.
[6]徐承龙,姜志宽.蚊虫防制(一)——蚊虫的危害与形态分类[J].中国卫生杀虫药械,2006,12:289-293.
[7]Diaz J H.Theimpact of hurricanes andflooding disasters on hy-menopterid-inflictedinjuries[J].AmJ Disaster Med,2007,2:257-269.
[8]Diaz J H.Hymenopterid bites,stings,allergic reactions,and the impact of hurricanes on hymenopterid-inflicted injuries[J].J La State Med Soc,2007,159:149-157.
[9]Fitzgerald K T,Flood A A.Hymenoptera stings[J].Clin Tech Small Anim Pract,2006,21:194-204.
[10]Foppa I M,Evans C L,Wozniak A,Wills W.Mosquito fauna and arbovirus surveillance in a coastal Mississippi community after Hurricane Katrina[J].J Am Mosq Control Assoc,2007,23:229-232.
[11]Beatty ME,Hunsperger E,Long E,Schürch J,Jain S,Colindres R,et al.Mosquitoborne infections after Hurricane Jeanne,Hai-ti,2004[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2007,13:308-310.
[12]Ramsdale D R,Aziz S,Beeching N.Astingin the tail of Hurri-cane Charley[J].Br J Hosp Med(Lond),2005,66:484-485.
[13]Pai H H,Lai J L.Health problems among international travel-lers:froma subtropical region to tropical and non-tropical re-gions[J].Travel Med Infect Dis,2008,6:201-204.
[14]O’Leary D R,Rigau-P rez J G,Hayes E B,Vorndam A V,Clark G G,Gubler D J.Assessment of dengue risk in relief workersin Puerto Rico after Hurricane Georges,1998[J].AmJ Trop Med Hyg,2002,66:35-39.
[15]Mas Bermejo P.Preparation and responsein case of natural dis-asters:Cuban programs and experience[J].J Public Health Policy,2006,27:13-21.
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