5·12震后灾区少年儿童心理健康状况调查
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摘要
目的:探讨5.12地震灾区11~16岁少年儿童的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为下一步开展创伤后心理危机干预提供依据。方法:在地震发生后一个月,使用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)学生版,调查了1268名来自于灾区的少年儿童(平均年龄14.20±1.02岁,男女比例1:1.02)的心理健康状况及其影响因素。结果:(1)灾区少年儿童SDQ总困难因子平均得分为13.66±5.75,74.9%的人报告自身存在主观困难;(2)女性的总困难因子、情绪因子、亲社会因子得分高于男性(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)困难对少年儿童社会功能的影响程度随年龄增加(χ2=7.684,P=0.021)。年龄越大,多动因子得分有增加的趋势(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)重度暴露组其总困难因子、情绪因子、影响因子得分高于轻度暴露组(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),困难造成的主观精神困扰程度前组高于后组(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)女性、高年龄者、教师/同学伤亡较重者、震后被转移至安全的帐篷或房屋的间隔时间越长者,SDQ总困难因子异常的危险性越高。结论:震后灾区少年儿童的心理健康状况受到暴露水平、性别、年龄以及震后被转移至安全地点的时间的影响,心理干预应综合考虑相关因素。
Objective:To investigate the mental health status and influence factors of 11～16 years old children and adolescents exposed to the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake for the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.Methods:1268 children and adolescents(mean age:14.20±1.02,male and female ratio of 1∶1.02)from the affected area were assessed with the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)one-month after the earthquake.Results:(1)the average SDQ total difficulty score is 13.66±5.75,74.9% reported at least minor perceived difficulties;(2)female's total difficulty scores,emotional subscale scores,prosocial subscale scores are higher than male's(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)difficulties' impact degree on children's social functions are increased with age(χ2=7.684,P=0.021),as same as the hyperactivity subscale scores(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)children with a higher level of exposure have higher total difficulty scores、emotional subscale scores and the impact scores(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),also have higher subjective self distress(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)the SDQ total difficulty score is influenced by the gender,age,teacher and classmates' injure/death situation,interval time when the children were transferred to a safe place.Conclusion:The mental health status of children from the affected area of the earthquake are influenced by their exposure level,gender,age and the interval time when they were transferred to a safe place.Relevant factors should be considered in the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.
Objective:To investigate the mental health status and influence factors of 11～16 years old children and adolescents exposed to the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake for the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.Methods:1268 children and adolescents(mean age:14.20±1.02,male and female ratio of 1∶1.02)from the affected area were assessed with the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)one-month after the earthquake.Results:(1)the average SDQ total difficulty score is 13.66±5.75,74.9% reported at least minor perceived difficulties;(2)female's total difficulty scores,emotional subscale scores,prosocial subscale scores are higher than male's(z=-4.317,-7.963,-3.717;Ps<0.001);(3)difficulties' impact degree on children's social functions are increased with age(χ2=7.684,P=0.021),as same as the hyperactivity subscale scores(χ2=13.881,P=0.001);(4)children with a higher level of exposure have higher total difficulty scores、emotional subscale scores and the impact scores(z=-2.374,-4.279,-2.114;Ps<0.05),also have higher subjective self distress(z=-2.920,P=0.004);(5)the SDQ total difficulty score is influenced by the gender,age,teacher and classmates' injure/death situation,interval time when the children were transferred to a safe place.Conclusion:The mental health status of children from the affected area of the earthquake are influenced by their exposure level,gender,age and the interval time when they were transferred to a safe place.Relevant factors should be considered in the following post-traumatic psychological intervention.
引文
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[8]Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Usingthe Strengths and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disor-ders in a community sample[J].Br J Psychiatry,2000,177:534-539.
[9]Van Roy B,Groholt B,Heyerdahl S,et al.Self-reported strengthsand difficulties in a large Norwegian population 10-19 years:age andgender specific results of the extended SDQ-questionnaire[J].EurChild Adolesc Psychiatry,2006,15(4):189-198.
[10]Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stressreactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999earthquake[J].Eur Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-166.
[11]Pynoos RS,Goenjian AK,Karakshian M,et al.Post-traumaticstress reactions in children after the 1988 Armenian earthquake[J].Br J Psychiatry,1993,163:239-247.
[2]Goodman R.Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficultiesquestionnaire[J].J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2001,40:1337-1345.
[3]刘书君,黄颐,邓先华,等.中文版长处和困难量表的初步因子分析[J].华西医学,2006,21(2):295-296.
[4]刘书君.长处和困难问卷(SDQ)中文版的信度和效度研究[D].四川大学,2006.
[5]Ronning JA,Handegaard BH,Sourander A,et al.The Strengths andDifficulties Self-Report Questionnaire as a screening instrument inNorwegian community samples[J].Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry,2004,13(2):73-82.
[6]Verhulst FC,Achenbach TM,Van der EJ,et al.Comparisons ofproblems reported by youths fromseven countries.AmJ Psychiatry,2003,160:1479-1485.
[7]Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Usingthe Strengths and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disor-ders in a community sample[J].Int Rev Psychiatry,2003,15:166-172.
[8]Goodman R,Ford T,Si mmons H,et al.Usingthe Strengths and Dif-ficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)to screen for child psychiatric disor-ders in a community sample[J].Br J Psychiatry,2000,177:534-539.
[9]Van Roy B,Groholt B,Heyerdahl S,et al.Self-reported strengthsand difficulties in a large Norwegian population 10-19 years:age andgender specific results of the extended SDQ-questionnaire[J].EurChild Adolesc Psychiatry,2006,15(4):189-198.
[10]Giannopoulou I,Strouthos M,Smith P,et al.Post-traumatic stressreactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999earthquake[J].Eur Psychiatry,2006,21(3):160-166.
[11]Pynoos RS,Goenjian AK,Karakshian M,et al.Post-traumaticstress reactions in children after the 1988 Armenian earthquake[J].Br J Psychiatry,1993,163:239-247.
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