灾后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍分析
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摘要
目的:对地震后消防救援人员创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率及心理健康状况进行分析。方法:选用创伤后应激评定量表(PCL-C)和中文版事件影响量表(IES-R),对灾后三个月内消防员310人进行评估。结果:灾后三个月内PTSD症状的总发生率为35.3%;地震救援组和基层消防组IES-R得分显著高于一般院校组,但地震救援组和基层消防组得分无显著差异,PCL-C得分结果与之类似;恐惧、创伤经历和救援失败等是PTSD症状的影响因素。结论:消防员是职业心理创伤的高危人群,地震后消防救援人员PTSD症状发生率较高,应给予及时心理干预。
Objective:To analyse post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and mental health of firemen after earthquake.Methods:A study was performed among 320 firemen in three months after rescue action.All were tested with Post-traumatic Stress Rating Scale(PCL-C) and the Chinese version of Impact of Event Scale(IES-R).Results:The post-disaster PTSD symptoms within three months the overall incidence of 35.3%;5.12 Fire and rescue groups and grass-roots group of IES-R scores were significantly higher than the general institutions group,but 5.12 Fire and rescue groups and grass-roots group of no significant difference in scores,PCL-C scores with similar results;fear,trauma and rescue failed and others are experiencing PTSD symptoms factor.Conclusion:The fireman is the psychological trauma of the high-risk occupational groups,fire and rescue workers after the earthquake a higher rate of PTSD symptoms,should be given a timely psychological intervention.
Objective:To analyse post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and mental health of firemen after earthquake.Methods:A study was performed among 320 firemen in three months after rescue action.All were tested with Post-traumatic Stress Rating Scale(PCL-C) and the Chinese version of Impact of Event Scale(IES-R).Results:The post-disaster PTSD symptoms within three months the overall incidence of 35.3%;5.12 Fire and rescue groups and grass-roots group of IES-R scores were significantly higher than the general institutions group,but 5.12 Fire and rescue groups and grass-roots group of no significant difference in scores,PCL-C scores with similar results;fear,trauma and rescue failed and others are experiencing PTSD symptoms factor.Conclusion:The fireman is the psychological trauma of the high-risk occupational groups,fire and rescue workers after the earthquake a higher rate of PTSD symptoms,should be given a timely psychological intervention.
引文
[1]NeriaY,NandiA,Galea S.Post-traumatic stress disorder following dis-asters:a systematic review[J].Psychol Med,2008,38(4):467-80
[2]Witeyeen AB,Bramsen I,Twisk JWR,et al.Psychological distress ofrescue workers eight and one-half years after Profes sional involve-ment in the Amsterdam air disaster[J].Journal of Nervous&MentalDisease,2007,195(1):31～40
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[13]黄国平,张亚林,向慧,等.事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信效度分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006;20(1):28-31Huang Guo-Ping,Zhang Ya-Lin,Xiang Hui,et al.The Chinese Ver-sion of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised:Reliability and Validity[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,2006,20(1):28-31
[14]Armagane,Engindeniz ZA.Frequency of Post-Traumatic StressDisorder among Relief Force Workers after the Tsunami in Asia:DoRescuer Become Victims?[J].Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2006,21(3):168-172
[15]高平来,董琳琳,赵会芬."12.25"火灾救援人员心理状况调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2002,10:153～154Gao Ping-Lai,Dong Lin-Lin,Zhao Hui-Fen."12 o 25"Mental Statusof the fire rescue personnel[J].Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics[J].2002,10:153-154
[16]Chou FH,Wu HC,Chou P,etal.Epidemiologic psychiatric studies onpost-disaster impact among Chi-Chi earthquake survivors in Yu-Chi,Taiwan[J].Psychiatry Clin Neurosis,2007,61(4):370-378
[17]时勘,秦弋,王雁飞,陈阅.地震救援人员的压力管理[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2008,21(4):15～19Shi Kan,Qin Yi,Wang Yan-fei,et al.The Stress Management ofEarthquake Rescuers[J].Journal of Ningbo University(Liberal ArtsEdition),2008,21(4):15-19
[18]Goenjian A K.[J].Am I Psychiatry,1994,151:895～901
[19]杨晓云,王娥蕊,李娜.大学生创伤后应激障碍的发生特点及教育的启示[J].教育科学,2007,23:78-82Yang Xiao-yun,Wang E-rui,Li Na.The Characteristics of CollegeStudents with PTSD and its Enlightenment to Education[J].Educa-tion Science,2007,23:78-82
[20]Lang Ariel J,Laffaye Charlene,Satz Leslie E,et al.Sensitivity andspecificity of the PTSD checklist in detecting PTSD in female veter-ans in primary care[J].Journal of traumatic stress,2003,16(3):257-264
[21]Dobie DJ,Kivlahan DR,Maynard C,et al.Posttraumatic stress disor-der in female veterans:association with self-reported health problemsand functional impairment[J].Arch Intern Med,2004,164(4):394-400
[22]许爱萍,孙丽云,曾光等.某部地震救援人员创伤后心理应激障碍调查[J].人民军医,2009,4:195～196Xu Ai-ping,Sun Li-yun,Zeng Guang,et al.Earthquake rescue unitpost-traumatic stress disorder survey[J].People's Military Surgeon.2009,4:195-196
[23]汪向东,赵丛智.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28～30Wang Xiang-dong,Zhao Cheng-zhi,Naotaka Shinfuku,et al.Preva-lence and predictors of PTSD after earthquake:Findings from a ran-domized community sample in north China[J].Chinese Mental HealthJournal,1999,13(1):28-30
[24]Nemeroff CB,Bremner JD,Foa EB,et al.Posttraumatic stress disor-der:A state-of science review[J].Psychiatr Res,2006,40(1):1-21
[2]Witeyeen AB,Bramsen I,Twisk JWR,et al.Psychological distress ofrescue workers eight and one-half years after Profes sional involve-ment in the Amsterdam air disaster[J].Journal of Nervous&MentalDisease,2007,195(1):31～40
[3]Sharma A J,Weiss EC,Young S L,et al.Chronic disease and relatedconditions at emergency treatment facilities in the New Orleans areaafter hurricane Katrina[J].Disaster Med Public Health Prep,2008,2(1):27～32
[4]张雪琴,冯锦清,静进.灾害报道及救援人员创伤后应激障碍的研究概况[J].中国职业医学,2009,1:60-62Zhang Xue-qin,Feng Jin-qing,Jing Jin.Study on the post-traumaticstress disorder in disaster reporters and rescue groups[J].China Oc-cupational Medicine,2009,1:60-62.
[5]Carstensen LL.Growing old living long:take your Pick[J].Issues inScience and Technology,2007,23:41～50
[6]张本,王学义,孙贺祥等.唐山大地震对人类心身健康远期影响[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1998,12(4):200～202Zhang Ben,Wang Xueyi,Sun Hexiang,et al.Long Term Effect ofTangshan Earthquake on Mental and Physical Health of It's Suffers[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,1998,12(4):200-202
[7]马春鹏.火场事件对消防员产生的心理危机及其干预[J].中国职业医学,2008,1:65～66Ma Chun-peng.Psychological crisis of firefighters affected by firescene and its intervention[J].China Occupational Medicine,2008,1:65-66
[8]David Forbes,Mark Creamer,Dirk Biddle.The validity of the PTSDchecklist as a measure of symptomatic change in combat relatedPTSD[J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,2001(39):977-986
[9]杨晓云,杨宏爱,刘启贵,等.创伤后应激检查量表平民版的效度、信度及影响因素的研究[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2007,15(1):6-9Yang Xiao-yun,Yang Hong-ai,Liu Qi-gui,et al.The Research on theReliability and Validity of PCL-C and Influence Factors[J].ChinaJournal of Health Psychology,2007,15(1):6-9(In Chinese)
[10]Weiss D,Marmar C.The Impact of Event Scale-Revised[M].In JWilson and T Keane,Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD.NewYork:Guildford,1997
[11]Horowitz M,Wilner M,Alvarez W.Impact of event scale:A mea-sure of subjective stress[J].Psychosomatic Medicine,1979,41(3):209～218
[12]郭素然,辛自强,耿柳娜.事件影响量表修订版的信度和效度分析[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2007,15(1):15-17Guo Su-ran,Xin Zi-qiang,Geng Liu-na.Reliability and Validity ofChinese Version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised[J].ChineseJournal of Clinical Psychology,2007,15(1):15-17(In Chinese)
[13]黄国平,张亚林,向慧,等.事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)在女性犯人中的信效度分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2006;20(1):28-31Huang Guo-Ping,Zhang Ya-Lin,Xiang Hui,et al.The Chinese Ver-sion of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised:Reliability and Validity[J].Chinese Mental Health Journal,2006,20(1):28-31
[14]Armagane,Engindeniz ZA.Frequency of Post-Traumatic StressDisorder among Relief Force Workers after the Tsunami in Asia:DoRescuer Become Victims?[J].Prehospital and Disaster Medicine,2006,21(3):168-172
[15]高平来,董琳琳,赵会芬."12.25"火灾救援人员心理状况调查[J].中国误诊学杂志,2002,10:153～154Gao Ping-Lai,Dong Lin-Lin,Zhao Hui-Fen."12 o 25"Mental Statusof the fire rescue personnel[J].Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics[J].2002,10:153-154
[16]Chou FH,Wu HC,Chou P,etal.Epidemiologic psychiatric studies onpost-disaster impact among Chi-Chi earthquake survivors in Yu-Chi,Taiwan[J].Psychiatry Clin Neurosis,2007,61(4):370-378
[17]时勘,秦弋,王雁飞,陈阅.地震救援人员的压力管理[J].宁波大学学报(人文科学版),2008,21(4):15～19Shi Kan,Qin Yi,Wang Yan-fei,et al.The Stress Management ofEarthquake Rescuers[J].Journal of Ningbo University(Liberal ArtsEdition),2008,21(4):15-19
[18]Goenjian A K.[J].Am I Psychiatry,1994,151:895～901
[19]杨晓云,王娥蕊,李娜.大学生创伤后应激障碍的发生特点及教育的启示[J].教育科学,2007,23:78-82Yang Xiao-yun,Wang E-rui,Li Na.The Characteristics of CollegeStudents with PTSD and its Enlightenment to Education[J].Educa-tion Science,2007,23:78-82
[20]Lang Ariel J,Laffaye Charlene,Satz Leslie E,et al.Sensitivity andspecificity of the PTSD checklist in detecting PTSD in female veter-ans in primary care[J].Journal of traumatic stress,2003,16(3):257-264
[21]Dobie DJ,Kivlahan DR,Maynard C,et al.Posttraumatic stress disor-der in female veterans:association with self-reported health problemsand functional impairment[J].Arch Intern Med,2004,164(4):394-400
[22]许爱萍,孙丽云,曾光等.某部地震救援人员创伤后心理应激障碍调查[J].人民军医,2009,4:195～196Xu Ai-ping,Sun Li-yun,Zeng Guang,et al.Earthquake rescue unitpost-traumatic stress disorder survey[J].People's Military Surgeon.2009,4:195-196
[23]汪向东,赵丛智.地震后创伤性应激障碍的发生率及影响因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28～30Wang Xiang-dong,Zhao Cheng-zhi,Naotaka Shinfuku,et al.Preva-lence and predictors of PTSD after earthquake:Findings from a ran-domized community sample in north China[J].Chinese Mental HealthJournal,1999,13(1):28-30
[24]Nemeroff CB,Bremner JD,Foa EB,et al.Posttraumatic stress disor-der:A state-of science review[J].Psychiatr Res,2006,40(1):1-21
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