地震灾后四川江油市卫生防疫需求及应对措施
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摘要
目的探讨四川地震灾后卫生防疫救援工作现场存在的问题以及应对策略,为今后处置类似事件提供参考。方法对2008年5月14日至6月16日广州市卫生防疫工作队赴四川江油市救灾相关调查报告、技术总结报告、卫生学评估报告等资料进行分析,对地震灾区卫生防疫救援现场的消毒杀虫、饮水监测、疾病监测、计划免疫、心理健康教育等工作中存在问题整理归纳,探讨应对策略。结果灾后江油市的疾病监测系统不同程度受损,法定传染病报告病例数比地震前下降12%,比去年同期减少45%;生活用水安全存在较多隐患,大部分居民饮用水游离余氯低于0.1mg/L;消杀工作已开展,但不规范;强化免疫接种冷链条件不足;心理健康状况调查显示22.1%的灾民出现焦虑症状。通过采取适当措施,可控制灾后疫情发生。结论卫生防疫救援队深入现场后应迅速开展灾区卫生学评估工作;科学开展消毒杀虫工作,加强居民饮水监测及计划免疫,尽快恢复疾病监测体系,及时排查可疑传染病;心理健康教育为一项长期灾后卫生救援工作。
Objective To investigate the problem in relief field and reply measure about sanitation and epidemic prevention after Wenchuan earthquake in Jiangyou of Sichuan Province,2008.Methods The work about disinfection,drinking water monitoring,disease surveillance,expended program on immunization(EPI) and psychological health education in relief field were analyzed.Results After the earthquake the disease surveillance system was damaged partially.The reported number of notifiable communicable diseases decreased 12% comparing with that before the earthquake.There was potential danger in the drinking water,as its free residual chlorine was lower than 0.1mg/L.Disinfection had been carried out but not standardized.There were no cold chain for EPI and the result of psychological health investigation showed that about 22.1% of victims of the disaster appeared anxious.Conclusion Hygienic evaluation should be carried out timely after the health relief teams arrived at the site.Disinfection should be conducted following the guideline.Drinking water monitoring and EPI should be enhanced.Disease surveillance should be recovered as soon as possible and suspected case of infectious diseases should be checked in time.Psychological health education should be implemented as a long-term public health relief mission after the disaster.
Objective To investigate the problem in relief field and reply measure about sanitation and epidemic prevention after Wenchuan earthquake in Jiangyou of Sichuan Province,2008.Methods The work about disinfection,drinking water monitoring,disease surveillance,expended program on immunization(EPI) and psychological health education in relief field were analyzed.Results After the earthquake the disease surveillance system was damaged partially.The reported number of notifiable communicable diseases decreased 12% comparing with that before the earthquake.There was potential danger in the drinking water,as its free residual chlorine was lower than 0.1mg/L.Disinfection had been carried out but not standardized.There were no cold chain for EPI and the result of psychological health investigation showed that about 22.1% of victims of the disaster appeared anxious.Conclusion Hygienic evaluation should be carried out timely after the health relief teams arrived at the site.Disinfection should be conducted following the guideline.Drinking water monitoring and EPI should be enhanced.Disease surveillance should be recovered as soon as possible and suspected case of infectious diseases should be checked in time.Psychological health education should be implemented as a long-term public health relief mission after the disaster.
引文
[1]WISNER B,ADAMS J.Environmental health in emergencies anddisasters:a practical guide[R].Geneva:WHO,2002.
[2]曾光,李丽萍,刘慧慧.汶川地震灾害与儿童公共卫生救援[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):467-469.
[2]曾光,李丽萍,刘慧慧.汶川地震灾害与儿童公共卫生救援[J].中华预防医学杂志,2008,42(7):467-469.
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