地震救援军人创伤后应激症状发生的相关因素
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摘要
目的:探讨地震救援军人创伤后应激症状的发生情况及其与相关因素之间的关系。方法:在一线救援官兵执行抗震救灾任务并接受专业心理保障6周后,随机抽取206人(军龄<2年者54人,军龄>2年者152人),用创伤后应激症状问卷(Posttraumatic stress disorder Check-List,PCL)、简易应付方式问卷(Simple Coping Styles Questionnaire,SCSQ)和简式艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality QuestionnaireShort Scale,EPQ-R)进行调查。结果:PCL得分高于分界值的有4人,占1.94%;PCL得分与消极应付方式、EPQ的N量表得分呈正相关(r=0.48、0.67,P<0.01),与EPQ的E量表得分负相关(r=0.30,P<0.01);军龄<2年者的PCL总分及闯入性症状、回避症状因子分均高于军龄>2年者[如总分(31.0±14.9)vs.(26.3±8.6),P<0.05]。结论:在执行抗震救灾任务并接受专业心理保障6周后部队创伤后应激症状阳性率较低;军龄<2年者及消极应付方式和神经质人格人群应是心理服务关注的重点对象。
Objective:To study the incidence and related factors of(PTSD)symptom in the earthquake related military rescuer.Methods:Altogether 206 earthquake related military rescuer who had got psychological service were investigated with the Posttraumatic stress disorder Check-List(PCL),Simple Coping Styles Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale(EPQ-R)after 6 weeks of rescue.Results:Four rescuers' total score of PCL were higher than 50,which suggested PTSD.The incidence was 1.94%.The significant factors impacting on PTSD were negative score of SCSQ(r=0.476) and N score(r=0.671),E score(r=0.299) of EPQ-R.The score of soldiers who served in the army less than 2 years was significant higher than who served in the army more than 2years(P<0.05).Conclusion:After 6 week rescue,the occurrence of PTSD in the earthquake related military rescuer is lower.The soldiers who served in the army less than 2 years and the ones who had negative coping styles or instable personality should be cared in psychological service.
Objective:To study the incidence and related factors of(PTSD)symptom in the earthquake related military rescuer.Methods:Altogether 206 earthquake related military rescuer who had got psychological service were investigated with the Posttraumatic stress disorder Check-List(PCL),Simple Coping Styles Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale(EPQ-R)after 6 weeks of rescue.Results:Four rescuers' total score of PCL were higher than 50,which suggested PTSD.The incidence was 1.94%.The significant factors impacting on PTSD were negative score of SCSQ(r=0.476) and N score(r=0.671),E score(r=0.299) of EPQ-R.The score of soldiers who served in the army less than 2 years was significant higher than who served in the army more than 2years(P<0.05).Conclusion:After 6 week rescue,the occurrence of PTSD in the earthquake related military rescuer is lower.The soldiers who served in the army less than 2 years and the ones who had negative coping styles or instable personality should be cared in psychological service.
引文
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[14]Solomon Z,Ginzburg K,Neria Y,et al.Coping with war captivity:the role of sensation seeking[J].Euro J Personality,1995,9:57-70.
[15]Kessler RC,Sonnega A,Bromet E,et al.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,1995,52:1048-1060.
[2]Iris ME,Marcel AH.Preexisting Neuroticism,Subjective Stressor Severity,and Posttraumatic Stress in Soldiers De-ployed to Iraq[J].Can J Psychiatry,2007,52(8),505-509.
[3]Miller MW.Personality and the etiology and expression of PTSD:a three-factor model perspective[J].Clin Psy-chol,2003,10:373-393.
[4]Man CC,Ian D,Yvette E,et al.A Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause Model for Posttraumatic Stress Reactions:Personality,Coping,and Maladjustment[J].Psychoso-mat Med,2005,67:251-259.
[5]Smith RP,Katz CL,Herbert R,et al.Mental Health Sta-tus of World Trade Center Rescue and RecoveryWorkers and Volunteers-New York City,July2002-August2004[J].MMWR2004,53(35):812-815.
[6]Perrin MA,DiGrande L,Wheeler K,et al.Differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among word trade center disaster rescue and recovery workers[J].Am J Psychiatry,2007,164(9):1385-1394.
[7]Weathers FW,Litz BT,Herman DS,et al.The PTSD Checklist:Reliability,Validity,and Diagnostic Utility[C].San Antonio:Annual Convention of the Internation-al Society for Traumatic Stress Studies,1993.
[8]解亚宁.应付方式问卷[J].心理卫生评定量表手册,1999,(增刊):122-124.
[9]钱铭怡,武国城,朱荣春,等.艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)的修订[J].心理学报,2000,32(3):317-323.
[10]惠武利,施旺红,徐德忠,等.烟台海难救援军人PTSD发生的影响因素分析[J].中国心理卫生杂志.2001,15(3):148-149.
[11]王焕林,崔庶,陈继军,等.中国军人心理创伤后应激障碍的流行病学调查[J].中华精神科杂志,1996,29(2):69-72.
[12]Hyer L,Braswell L,Albrecht W,et al.Relationship of NEO-PI to personality styles and severity of trauma in chro-nic PTSD victims[J].J Clin Psychol,1994,50:699-707.
[13]张克让,徐勇,杨红,等.SARS患者、医务人员及疫区公众创伤后应激障碍的调查研究[J].中国行为医学科学,2006,15(4):358-360.
[14]Solomon Z,Ginzburg K,Neria Y,et al.Coping with war captivity:the role of sensation seeking[J].Euro J Personality,1995,9:57-70.
[15]Kessler RC,Sonnega A,Bromet E,et al.Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey[J].Arch Gen Psychiatry,1995,52:1048-1060.
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