地震电磁卫星监测输电线谐波辐射研究综述
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摘要
输电线谐波辐射已成为近地空间环境的一种人为污染源.介绍了磁层中输电线谐波辐射现象的研究历史与现状,涉及到与其相关的地基观测和天基观测结果,以及对其形成机理所开展的定性和定量研究等.特别介绍了近年来利用DEMETER地震电磁卫星观测到的输电线谐波辐射现象.根据现有的研究结果,提出一些尚未解决的问题.随着我国电网的发展,以及地震电磁监测试验卫星的研制和发射,研究我国上层空间的输电线谐波辐射现象具有重要意义.
The power line harmonic radiation(PLHR) becomes a man-made pollution source to the near-Earth space.Both the research history and present status of PLHR were introduced.The research involves the observations of such phenomenon on the ground and onboard satellites,and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of its generation mechnism.Especially,the PLHR observed recently on DEMETER satellite were introduced.Based on the present research result,some unsolved problems were put forward.With the development of electrical industry and the launch of the testing satellite monitoring seismic electromagnetic signals in China,PLHR in upper space needs to pay close attention.
The power line harmonic radiation(PLHR) becomes a man-made pollution source to the near-Earth space.Both the research history and present status of PLHR were introduced.The research involves the observations of such phenomenon on the ground and onboard satellites,and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of its generation mechnism.Especially,the PLHR observed recently on DEMETER satellite were introduced.Based on the present research result,some unsolved problems were put forward.With the development of electrical industry and the launch of the testing satellite monitoring seismic electromagnetic signals in China,PLHR in upper space needs to pay close attention.
引文
安张辉,范莹莹,刘君,谭大诚,陈军营,郑国磊,解滔.2010.汶川MS8.0地震前DEMETER卫星探测的离子温度变化分析[J].地震学报,32(6):754-759.
熊皓.2004.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社:4.
朱荣,杨冬梅,荆凤,杨俊英,欧阳新艳.2008.DEMETER卫星观测到的云南普洱地震前的电离层扰动[J].地震学报,30(1):76-81.
朱涛.2010.DEMETER卫星观测的LF/MF电场频谱特征初步研究[J].地震学报,32(4):476-489.
张润宁,杨芳,王海明,陶志刚,刘森.2009.我国地震电磁监测卫星总体技术研究[J].地震,29(增刊):10-16.
Ando Y,Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A.2002.Theoretical analysis on the penetration of power line harmonic radiationinto the ionosphere[J].Radio Science,37(6):1093-1104.
Bell T F,Luette J P,Inan U S.1982.ISEE1observations of VLF line radiation in the Earth’s magnetosphere[J].JGeophys Res,87(A5):3530-3536.
Bullough K,Tatnall A R L,Denby M.1976.Man-made ELF/VLF emissions and the radiation belts[J].Nature,260:401-403.
Bullough K.1983.Satellite observations of power line harmonic radiation[J].Space Sci Rev,35:175-183.
Bullough K,Kaiser T R,Strangeways H J.1985.Unintentional man-made modification effects in the magnetosphere[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,47:1211-1223.
Helliwell R A.1965.Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[M].USA:Stanford University Press:1-349.
Helliwell R A,Katsufrakis J P,Bell T F,Raghuram R.1975.VLF line radiation in the Earth’s magnetosphere and itsassociation with power system radiation[J].J Geophys Res,80(31):4249-4258.
Helliwell R A,Carpenter D L,Miller T R.1980.Power threshold for growth of coherent VLF signals in the magneto-sphere[J].J Geophys Res,85(A7):3360-3366.
Inan U S,Chang H C,Helliwell R A.1984.Electron precipitation zones around major ground-based VLF signal sources[J].J Geophys Res,89(A5):2891-2906.
Kikuchi H.1983.Overview of power-line radiation and its coupling to the ionosphere and magnetosphere[J].Space SciRev,35:33-41.
Koons H C.1985.Whistlers and whistler-stimulated emissions in the outer magnetosphere[J].J Geophys Res,90(A9):8547-8551.
Luette J P,Park C G,Helliwell R A.1977.Longitudinal variations of very low-frequency chorus activity in the magne-tosphere:Evidence for excitation by electrical power transmission lines[J].Geophys Res Letters,4(7):275-278.
Luette J P,Park C G,Helliwell R A.1979.The control of the magnetosphere by powerline radiation[J].J GeophysRes,84(A6):2657-2660.
Matthews J P,Yearby K.1981.Magnetospheric VLF line radiation observed at Halley,Antarctica[J].Planet SpaceSci,29(1):97-106.
Molchanov O A,Parrot M,Mogilevsky M M,Lefeuvre F.1991.A theory of PLHR emissions to explain the weekly var-iation of ELF data observed by a low-latitude satellite[J].Ann Geophys,9(10):669-680.
Molchanov O,Parrot M.1995.PLHR emissions observed on satellites[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,57(5):493-505.
Nemec F,Santolik O,Parrot M,Berthelier J J.2006.Power line harmonic radiation(PLHR)observed by the DEME-TER spacecraft[J].J Geophys Res,111:A04308.
Nemec F,Santolik O,Parrot M,Berthelier J J.2007.Power line harmonic radiation:A systematic study using DEME-TER spacecraft[J].Advances in Space Research,40(3):398-403.
Park C G,Helliwell R A.1978.Magnetospheric effects of power line radiation[J].Science,200(4343):727-730.
Park C G,Chang D C D.1978.Transmitter simulation of power line radiation effects in the magnetosphere[J].GeophysRes Lett,5(10):861-864.
Park C G,Miller T R.1979.Sunday decreases in magnetospheric VLF wave activity[J].J Geophys Res,84(A3):943--950.
Park C G,Helliwell R A.1983.Ground observations of power line radiation coupled to the ionosphere and magneto-sphere[J].Space Sci Rev,35:131-137.
Parrot M.1990.World map of ELF/VLF emissions as observed by a low-orbiting satellite[J].Annales Geophysicae,8:135-146.
Parrot M,Molchanov O A,Mogilevski M M,Lefeuvre F.1991.Daily variations of ELF data observed by a low altitudesatellite[J].Geophys Res Lett,18(6):1039-1042.
Parrot M.1994.Observations of power line harmonic radiation by the low-altitude AUREOL-3satellite[J].J Geophys Res,99(A3):3961-3969.
Parrot M,Zaslavski Y.1996.Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere[J].Surv Geophy,17(1):67-100.
Parrot M,Nemec F,Santolik O,Berthelier J J.2005.ELF magnetospheric lines observed by DEMETER[J].AnnalesGeophysicae,23:3301-3311.
Schumann W O.1952.ber die strahlungslosen Eigenschwingungeneiner leitenden Kugel,die von einer Luftschicht undeiner Ionosphrenhülle umgeben ist[J].Zeitschrift und Naturfirschung,7a:149-154.
Tatnall A R L,Matthews J P,Bullouth K,Kaiser T R.1983.Power-line harmonic radiation and the electron slot[J].Space Sci Rev,35:139-173.
Thorne R M,Tsurutani B T.1981.Comment on“Sunday decreases in magnetosphere VLF wave activity”by C.G.Parkand T.R.Miller[J].J Geophys Res,86(A3):1639-1641.
Tomizawa I,Yoshino T.1984.Power line radiation over northern Europe observed on the balloon B15-1N[J].NationalInstitude of Polar Research,31:115-123.
Tomizawa I,Yoshino T.1985.Power line radiation observed by the satellite OHZORA[J].J Geomagn Geoelect,37(3):309-327.
Tsurutani B T,Thorne R M.1981.A skeptic’s view of PLR effects in the magnetosphere[J].Advances in Space Res,1(2):439-444.
Volland H.1995.Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics[M].USA:CRC Press:291-332.
Werner S M,Rodger C J,Thomson N R.2005.Identifying power line harmonic radiation from an electrical network[J].Annales Geophysicae,23:2107-2116.
Yearby K H,Smith A J,Bullough K.1983.Power line harmonic radiation in Newfoundland[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,45(6):409-419.
熊皓.2004.电磁波传播与空间环境[M].北京:电子工业出版社:4.
朱荣,杨冬梅,荆凤,杨俊英,欧阳新艳.2008.DEMETER卫星观测到的云南普洱地震前的电离层扰动[J].地震学报,30(1):76-81.
朱涛.2010.DEMETER卫星观测的LF/MF电场频谱特征初步研究[J].地震学报,32(4):476-489.
张润宁,杨芳,王海明,陶志刚,刘森.2009.我国地震电磁监测卫星总体技术研究[J].地震,29(增刊):10-16.
Ando Y,Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A.2002.Theoretical analysis on the penetration of power line harmonic radiationinto the ionosphere[J].Radio Science,37(6):1093-1104.
Bell T F,Luette J P,Inan U S.1982.ISEE1observations of VLF line radiation in the Earth’s magnetosphere[J].JGeophys Res,87(A5):3530-3536.
Bullough K,Tatnall A R L,Denby M.1976.Man-made ELF/VLF emissions and the radiation belts[J].Nature,260:401-403.
Bullough K.1983.Satellite observations of power line harmonic radiation[J].Space Sci Rev,35:175-183.
Bullough K,Kaiser T R,Strangeways H J.1985.Unintentional man-made modification effects in the magnetosphere[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,47:1211-1223.
Helliwell R A.1965.Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena[M].USA:Stanford University Press:1-349.
Helliwell R A,Katsufrakis J P,Bell T F,Raghuram R.1975.VLF line radiation in the Earth’s magnetosphere and itsassociation with power system radiation[J].J Geophys Res,80(31):4249-4258.
Helliwell R A,Carpenter D L,Miller T R.1980.Power threshold for growth of coherent VLF signals in the magneto-sphere[J].J Geophys Res,85(A7):3360-3366.
Inan U S,Chang H C,Helliwell R A.1984.Electron precipitation zones around major ground-based VLF signal sources[J].J Geophys Res,89(A5):2891-2906.
Kikuchi H.1983.Overview of power-line radiation and its coupling to the ionosphere and magnetosphere[J].Space SciRev,35:33-41.
Koons H C.1985.Whistlers and whistler-stimulated emissions in the outer magnetosphere[J].J Geophys Res,90(A9):8547-8551.
Luette J P,Park C G,Helliwell R A.1977.Longitudinal variations of very low-frequency chorus activity in the magne-tosphere:Evidence for excitation by electrical power transmission lines[J].Geophys Res Letters,4(7):275-278.
Luette J P,Park C G,Helliwell R A.1979.The control of the magnetosphere by powerline radiation[J].J GeophysRes,84(A6):2657-2660.
Matthews J P,Yearby K.1981.Magnetospheric VLF line radiation observed at Halley,Antarctica[J].Planet SpaceSci,29(1):97-106.
Molchanov O A,Parrot M,Mogilevsky M M,Lefeuvre F.1991.A theory of PLHR emissions to explain the weekly var-iation of ELF data observed by a low-latitude satellite[J].Ann Geophys,9(10):669-680.
Molchanov O,Parrot M.1995.PLHR emissions observed on satellites[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,57(5):493-505.
Nemec F,Santolik O,Parrot M,Berthelier J J.2006.Power line harmonic radiation(PLHR)observed by the DEME-TER spacecraft[J].J Geophys Res,111:A04308.
Nemec F,Santolik O,Parrot M,Berthelier J J.2007.Power line harmonic radiation:A systematic study using DEME-TER spacecraft[J].Advances in Space Research,40(3):398-403.
Park C G,Helliwell R A.1978.Magnetospheric effects of power line radiation[J].Science,200(4343):727-730.
Park C G,Chang D C D.1978.Transmitter simulation of power line radiation effects in the magnetosphere[J].GeophysRes Lett,5(10):861-864.
Park C G,Miller T R.1979.Sunday decreases in magnetospheric VLF wave activity[J].J Geophys Res,84(A3):943--950.
Park C G,Helliwell R A.1983.Ground observations of power line radiation coupled to the ionosphere and magneto-sphere[J].Space Sci Rev,35:131-137.
Parrot M.1990.World map of ELF/VLF emissions as observed by a low-orbiting satellite[J].Annales Geophysicae,8:135-146.
Parrot M,Molchanov O A,Mogilevski M M,Lefeuvre F.1991.Daily variations of ELF data observed by a low altitudesatellite[J].Geophys Res Lett,18(6):1039-1042.
Parrot M.1994.Observations of power line harmonic radiation by the low-altitude AUREOL-3satellite[J].J Geophys Res,99(A3):3961-3969.
Parrot M,Zaslavski Y.1996.Physical mechanisms of man-made influences on the magnetosphere[J].Surv Geophy,17(1):67-100.
Parrot M,Nemec F,Santolik O,Berthelier J J.2005.ELF magnetospheric lines observed by DEMETER[J].AnnalesGeophysicae,23:3301-3311.
Schumann W O.1952.ber die strahlungslosen Eigenschwingungeneiner leitenden Kugel,die von einer Luftschicht undeiner Ionosphrenhülle umgeben ist[J].Zeitschrift und Naturfirschung,7a:149-154.
Tatnall A R L,Matthews J P,Bullouth K,Kaiser T R.1983.Power-line harmonic radiation and the electron slot[J].Space Sci Rev,35:139-173.
Thorne R M,Tsurutani B T.1981.Comment on“Sunday decreases in magnetosphere VLF wave activity”by C.G.Parkand T.R.Miller[J].J Geophys Res,86(A3):1639-1641.
Tomizawa I,Yoshino T.1984.Power line radiation over northern Europe observed on the balloon B15-1N[J].NationalInstitude of Polar Research,31:115-123.
Tomizawa I,Yoshino T.1985.Power line radiation observed by the satellite OHZORA[J].J Geomagn Geoelect,37(3):309-327.
Tsurutani B T,Thorne R M.1981.A skeptic’s view of PLR effects in the magnetosphere[J].Advances in Space Res,1(2):439-444.
Volland H.1995.Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics[M].USA:CRC Press:291-332.
Werner S M,Rodger C J,Thomson N R.2005.Identifying power line harmonic radiation from an electrical network[J].Annales Geophysicae,23:2107-2116.
Yearby K H,Smith A J,Bullough K.1983.Power line harmonic radiation in Newfoundland[J].J Atmos Terr Phys,45(6):409-419.
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